The Deterioration of Eating and Cooking Quality Caused by High Temperature During Grain Filling in Early-Season indica Rice Cultivars

2005 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Zhong ◽  
F. M. Cheng ◽  
X. Wen ◽  
Z. X. Sun ◽  
G. P. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Cooking Quality ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Eating And Cooking Quality

scholarly journals Dynamics of phytohormones and their relationship with chalkiness of early indica rice under different post-anthesis temperature regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Mohammed Humayun Kabir ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Yi Su ◽  
Zhigang Huang ◽  
Langtao Xiao
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Early Indica Rice

A pot experiment on an early indica rice cv. ‘Shenyou9576’ was conducted in the net house of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China during the early growing season of 2013 to investigate the influence of varying temperatures on chalkiness rate, head rice rate, and phytohormones, namely indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA1 and GA4), zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR) and abscisic acid (ABA) both in flag leaves and grain endosperm during grain filling period. The treatments comprised three temperature regimes which are designated as the high (35/28oC- day/night), low (25/20oC- day/night) and natural condition as the control (35/25oC- day/night). The results showed that the maximum chalkiness rate was 61.11% under high temperature and the minimum (22.59%) under low temperature. The lowest head rice rate was 42.76% under high temperature followed by 49.91% in the control, while the highest (62.33%) under low temperature. The contents of GA1, GA4, Z and ZR were decreased gradually from 7 to 35 days after anthesis (DAA) irrespective of treatments. IAA content began to decrease from 14 DAA and continued up to 35 DAA and ABA was reduced from 28 to 35 DAA under low temperature in comparison to control and high temperature. ABA content was increased from 7 to 21 DAA and then declined at high temperature. The results showed that contents of GA1, GA4, Z, ZR were high at low temperature compared to high temperature and control. IAA content was also high during grain development period at low temperature except 7 DAA. Higher phytohormone contents were observed in endosperm than in flag leaves. Phytohormone content ratio (endosperm: flag leaves) was found highest in IAA and the lowest in GA1. A significant positive correlation was found between ABA and chalkiness rate during early to mid grain filling period, while significant negative correlations were noticed between chalkiness rate and other phytohormones during grain filling period. Correlation results revealed that increased level of ABA during early to mid grain filing period caused by high temperature was more responsible for development of chalkiness.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 53-65, March 2017

scholarly journals Characterization of physicochemical qualities and starch structures of two indica rice varieties tolerant to high temperature during grain filling

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 102966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Fan ◽  
Yingqiu Li ◽  
Yun Zhu ◽  
Jingdong Wang ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Varieties

scholarly journals Grain filling of early-season rice cultivars grown under mechanical transplanting

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. e0224935
Author(s):  
Jiana Chen ◽  
Fangbo Cao ◽  
Shuanglü Shan ◽  
Xiaohong Yin ◽  
Min Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Early Season

scholarly journals Dynamics of starch synthesis enzymes and their relationship with chalkiness of early indica rice under different postanthesis temperature regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-238
Author(s):  
Mohammed Humayun Kabir ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Shitou Xia ◽  
Ruozhong Wang ◽  
Langtao Xiao
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Head Rice

An experiment on an early indica rice cv. ‘Shenyou9576’ was conducted in the Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China in 2014 to investigate the influence of varying post-anthesis temperatures on chalkiness rate, head rice rate, and on major 6 starch synthesis enzymes i.e., SuSy (EC 1.9.3.1), ADPG-Ppas (EC 2.7.7.27), SSS (EC 2.4.1.21) and GBSS, (EC 2.4.1.21), SBE (EC 2.4.1.18) and SDBE (EC 3.2.1.70). The treatments comprised of three temperature regimes which are designated as the high (35/28oC- day/night), low (25/20oC- day/night) and natural condition (35/25oC-day/night) as the control. Under high temperature maximum chalkiness rate was 61.11% and minimum was 22.59% under low temperature treatment. The lowest head rice rate was 42.76% under high temperature treatment followed by 49.91% in the control, while the highest rate was 62.33% under low temperature treatment. Maximum grain filling rate (Gmax) was found highest (1.69 mg/day) in the high temperature and average grain filling rate (Gavg) was found highest (1.36 mg/day) under the control. The activity of SuSy, ADPG-Ppase, SSS and GBSS were decreased gradually from 14 to 35 days after flowering (DAF). Irrespective of the treatments, an increasing trend of ADPG-Ppase activity was observed from 7 to 14 DAF and then declined. Correlation between the chalkiness and the enzymes activity of SuSy, ADPG-Ppase and SSS were significantly negative at 21, 28 and 35 DAFs, i.e., higher activity of SuSy, ADPG-Ppase and SSS at the mid-late to the late caryopsis development stage mediated by low temperature treatment played an important role for the reduction of chalkiness. The correlation between GBSS activity and chalkiness was significantly negative and stronger at 14, 21 and 28 DAF indicating that GBSS played a cardinal role to reduce chalkiness in the mid to mid-late stage of rice grain development. Significantly negative correlation was found between starch branching enzyme (SBE) and chalkiness at 21, 28 and 35 DAF, i.e., the higher SBE activity under low temperature treatment at the later grain filling stage also had a positive role in reduction of chalkiness. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(2): 223-238, June 2019

scholarly journals Heat Stress Affects Seed Set and Grain Quality of Vietnamese Rice Cultivars during Heading and Grain Filling Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Tran Loc Thuy ◽  
Tran Ngoc Thach ◽  
Tran Thi Thanh Xa ◽  
Chau Thanh Nha ◽  
Vo Thi Tra My ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
High Temperature Environment

Environmental stress trigger a variety of rice plant response, ranging from alters seed set, grain yield and grain quality during flowering and grain filling stage.  Efforts are required to improve our understanding of the impact of heat stress on rice production, which are essential strategies in rice cultivation. This article investigated the seed set, yield components and grain yield of Vietnamese rice cultivars (Indica germplasm) under high temperature environment during the flowering and grain filling stage. Six rice cultivars, including popular cultivars and new cultivars of Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, and one popular extraneous cultivar with differences in maturing time, were grown in pots at high temperature (HT) and natural temperature condition as control (CT). All rice cultivars were subjected to the high temperature starting from the heading stage to the harvest maturity, applied by greenhouse effect. The greenhouse has about 25 cm window opening on 3 sides for air ventilation. The seed set rate of the heat-sensitive rice genotypes decreased significantly under HT, leading to a significant reduction in grain yield. The lowest seed set was recorded in “OM4900” (44.3%) and “OM18” (39.9%) under high temperature environment. The lower yield in all rice cultivars at an elevated temperature resulted in a dramatic decrease of filled grains and contributed to a loss of 1000-grain weight. ‘“OM892” is a potential rice cultivar for heat tolerant breeding program due to the seed set percentage was above 80% in both HT and CT conditions. High temperature during the grain filling stage resulted in a decreased amylose and increased chalkiness for all OM cultivars.

Differential grain filling in apical and basal spikelets of compact panicle rice is associated with difference in expression of miRNAs targeting gene products involved in grain filling

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
T Chandra ◽  
BP Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

Development of rice cultivars bearing numerous spikelets by breeding approach to increase production of the crop to feed the ever increasing human population accompanies poor filling of grains in their basal spikelets preventing achievement of the yield potential. To understand the reason of such poor grain filling at the level of the initial biochemical events, 5 RACE library was prepared taking RNA extracted from the spikelets of two indica rice cultivars, a compact-panicle Mahalaxmi bearing numerous spikelets per panicle (>350) and a lax-panicle Upahar bearing fewer spikelets (<250) per panicle, and the presence of the miRNA cleaved gene products involved in grain filling was identified by running PCR using gene-specific primers. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to find if the grain filling enzymes were targeted by miRNAs. The effort led to identification of three enzymes, namely granule bound starch synthase, invertase and sucrose phosphate synthase, the transcripts of which were targeted by the miRNAs osa-miR160a-5p, osa-miR166e-3p and osa-miR156b-5p, respectively. The expressions of the three miRNAs were confirmed by Northern in the apical and basal spikelets of the two cultivars. The expression analysis of the three miRNAs further revealed that these were expressed significantly more in the basal spikelets than in the apical ones of Mahalaxmi, but not of Upahar. Real time PCR of the target genes showed an opposite result, i.e., these were expressed significantly less in the basal spikelets than in the apical ones of Mahalaxmi, but mostly not of Upahar. The finding led to the conclusion that the grain filling in rice could be regulated at the level of miRNAs, and manipulation of their expression could be proved an important tool in improving grain filling in compact-panicle rice cultivars.

scholarly journals Rapid Visco Analyzer Measurements ofjaponicaRice Cultivars to Study Interrelationship between Pasting Properties and Farming System

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kesarwani ◽  
Po Yuan Chiang ◽  
Shih Shiung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Cooking Quality ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Eating And Cooking Quality ◽  
Pasting Temperature ◽  
Organic And Conventional Farming ◽  
Rapid Visco Analyzer

Rheological properties influence the starch softness and cooking quality. Twojaponicarice cultivars were studied that were cultivated under organic and conventional farming. Study was conducted for 2 years in popularjaponicacultivars, that is, Kaohsiung number 139 and Taikeng number 16, which were grown twice a year in Taiwan. The results highlighted that major pasting properties such as peak viscosity, setback value, and pasting temperature improved under organic farming; however, in further analysis, eating and cooking quality reported no significant changes except aroma in rice.

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