scholarly journals Heat Stress Affects Seed Set and Grain Quality of Vietnamese Rice Cultivars during Heading and Grain Filling Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Tran Loc Thuy ◽  
Tran Ngoc Thach ◽  
Tran Thi Thanh Xa ◽  
Chau Thanh Nha ◽  
Vo Thi Tra My ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
High Temperature Environment

Environmental stress trigger a variety of rice plant response, ranging from alters seed set, grain yield and grain quality during flowering and grain filling stage.  Efforts are required to improve our understanding of the impact of heat stress on rice production, which are essential strategies in rice cultivation. This article investigated the seed set, yield components and grain yield of Vietnamese rice cultivars (Indica germplasm) under high temperature environment during the flowering and grain filling stage. Six rice cultivars, including popular cultivars and new cultivars of Cuu Long Delta Rice Research Institute, and one popular extraneous cultivar with differences in maturing time, were grown in pots at high temperature (HT) and natural temperature condition as control (CT). All rice cultivars were subjected to the high temperature starting from the heading stage to the harvest maturity, applied by greenhouse effect. The greenhouse has about 25 cm window opening on 3 sides for air ventilation. The seed set rate of the heat-sensitive rice genotypes decreased significantly under HT, leading to a significant reduction in grain yield. The lowest seed set was recorded in “OM4900” (44.3%) and “OM18” (39.9%) under high temperature environment. The lower yield in all rice cultivars at an elevated temperature resulted in a dramatic decrease of filled grains and contributed to a loss of 1000-grain weight. ‘“OM892” is a potential rice cultivar for heat tolerant breeding program due to the seed set percentage was above 80% in both HT and CT conditions. High temperature during the grain filling stage resulted in a decreased amylose and increased chalkiness for all OM cultivars.

scholarly journals Effects of high temperature stress during anthesis and grain filling periods on photosynthesis, lipids and grain yield in wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman ◽  
Sruthi Narayanan ◽  
Eva Erdayani ◽  
P.V. Vara Prasad
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Thylakoid Membrane ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Thylakoid Membrane Damage

Abstract Background : Short episodes of high temperature (HT) stress during reproductive stages of development cause significant yield losses in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Two independent experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of high temperature (HT) during anthesis and grain filling periods on photosynthesis, leaf lipidome, and yield traits in wheat. In experiment I, wheat genotype Seri82 was exposed to optimum temperature (OT; 22/14 °C; day/night) or HT (32/22 °C) for 14 d during anthesis stage. In experiment II, the plants were exposed to OT or HT for 14 d during grain filling stage. During the HT stress, chlorophyll index, thylakoid membrane damage, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate and leaf lipid composition were measured. At maturity, grain yield and its components were quantified. Results : HT stress during anthesis or grain filling stage decreased photosynthetic rate (17 and 25%, respectively) and grain yield plant -1 (29 and 44%, respectively), and increased thylakoid membrane damage (61 and 68%, respectively) compared to their respective control (OT). HT stress during anthesis or grain filling stage increased the levels of less unsaturated lipid species [36:5- monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG)]. However, at grain filling stage, HT stress decreased the levels of more unsaturated lipid species (36:6- MGDG and DGDG). There was a significant positive relationship between photosynthetic rate and grain yield plant -1 , and a negative relationship between thylakoid membrane damage and photosynthetic rate. Conclusions : The study suggests that maintaining thylakoid membrane stability, and seed-set percent and individual grain weight under HT stress can improve photosynthetic rate and grain yield, respectively.

scholarly journals Scheduling of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing during panicle differentiation to improve grain yield of rice with a long growth duration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Xinguang Zhu ◽  
Xiaoe He ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Tiangen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Leaf Extension

Abstract Topdressing at panicle differentiation (PF) according to soil fertility and regularity of rice nutrient absorption is an important agronomic practice used in cultivation of rice cultivars with a long growth duration. We studied the impacts of timing of nitrogen fertilizer application during PF on photosynthesis and yield-related agronomic traits in ‘Y-Liang-You 900’ and ‘Y-Liang-You 6’, which are representative rice cultivars with a long growth duration. Data for two years showed that timing of topdressing application during PF affected panicles per unit area, percentage grain set, spikelets per panicle, and leaf photosynthetic traits during the grain-filling period. Topdressing at the initial stage of flag-leaf extension resulted in higher grain yield (typically by 10.55–19.95%) than in plants without topdressing. Grain yield was significantly correlated with flag leaf photosynthetic rate and leaf SPAD value (r = 0.5640 and r = 0.5589, respectively; p < 0.01) at an advanced grain-filling stage (30 days after heading). Surprisingly, grain yield was not correlated with carbohydrate remobilization from the stem and sheath. For rice cultivars with a long growth duration, nitrogen-fertilizer topdressing must be applied at the initial stage of flag-leaf extension to delay leaf senescence during the grain-filling stage and realize the enhanced yield potential.

Effects of 1, 2, 4 - trichlorobenzene on physiological characteristics during grain filling stage and grain yield of rice of different genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
李玉 LI Yu ◽  
丁焕新 DING Huanxin ◽  
丁秀文 DING Xiuwen ◽  
殷毅凡 YIN Yifan ◽  
孙影 SUN Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Comparison of physiological response to growth stage-based supplemental and conventional irrigation management of wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Adnan Al-ghawry ◽  
Attila Yazar ◽  
Mustafa Unlu ◽  
Celaleddin Barutcular ◽  
Yeşim Bozkurt Çolak
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage ◽  
Conventional Irrigation

Abstract A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different conventional and supplemental irrigation strategies on leaf stomatal conductance (gs) and chlorophyll content (SPAD) yield and irrigation water productivity (IWP) of wheat using sprinkler line source in 2014 and 2015 in the Mediterranean region. The irrigation strategies were, supplemental irrigation (SI) during flowering and grain filling (SIFG), SI during grain filling (SIG), SI during flowering (SIF) and conventional irrigation (CI). These strategies were conducted under four irrigation levels 25, 50, 75, 100% and a rain-fed as control. The results indicated that CI100 and CI75 produced the greater grain yield and IWP, respectively. CI100 resulted in the increased chlorophyll content by 8.8% over rain-fed. The results confirmed that the SPAD and stomatal conductance values were not equally sensitive to water stress during growth stages. The wheat crop suffered a greater SPAD and gs reductions when the water stress occurred during the grain filling stage (SIF strategy) compared to other strategies, which means that the grain filling stage is more sensitive and effective to decrease the yield of winter wheat. The higher grain yields were achieved when the seasonal mean gs reached 207.4 mmol/m2s in CI and 169.2 mmol/m2s in SI, and the stomatal closure responded well to low, moderate and severe drought treatments. The leaf stomatal conductance (gs) was correlated linearly with grain yield. These relations could be used as a physiological indicator to evaluate water stress effect on the growth and productivity of wheat.

scholarly journals Dissecting the meteorological and genetic factors affecting rice grain quality in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojun Chen ◽  
Zhao Li ◽  
Jie Huang ◽  
Yongfeng Yan ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

Abstract Background The Northeast Plain of China, which is an important region for the production of high grain quality rice in China. However, the grain quality of the rice produced varies across this region, even for the same cultivar. Objective In order to explore the meteorological factors that have the greatest influence on quality and the transcriptional level differences between different cultivars and different locations at grain filling stage. Methods We grew eight rice cultivars in three locations in Northeast China during two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). We recorded meteorological conditions, including air temperature, air temperature range, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) during the grain-filling stage of each cultivar, and analyzed the grain quality of those eight cultivars. Results Across all eight cultivars, meteorological factors had a stronger effect on eating quality than genotype, while genotype had a stronger effect on milling quality. Of the three environmental factors assessed, PAR was significantly correlated with the most grain quality traits. Using RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified 573 environment-specific DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes), and 119 genotype-specific DEGs; 11 DEGs were responsive to genotype × environment interactions. These DEGs were involved in many key metabolic processes. Conclusion Our results indicated that interactions among environmental factors, especially PAR, affected rice quality in Northeast China. Further analyses of the DEGs identified herein may provide useful information for future breeding programs aiming to develop high grain quality rice varieties suitable for cultivation across Northeast China.

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