Characterizing the impact of high temperature during the grain filling on phytohormone levels, enzyme activities and metabolic profiles of the early indica‐rice variety

Plant Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caihong Shao ◽  
Liping Shen ◽  
Caifei Qiu ◽  
Yuping Wang ◽  
Yinfei Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Early Indica Rice

scholarly journals Dynamics of phytohormones and their relationship with chalkiness of early indica rice under different post-anthesis temperature regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Mohammed Humayun Kabir ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Yi Su ◽  
Zhigang Huang ◽  
Langtao Xiao
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Early Indica Rice

A pot experiment on an early indica rice cv. ‘Shenyou9576’ was conducted in the net house of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China during the early growing season of 2013 to investigate the influence of varying temperatures on chalkiness rate, head rice rate, and phytohormones, namely indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA1 and GA4), zeatin (Z), zeatin riboside (ZR) and abscisic acid (ABA) both in flag leaves and grain endosperm during grain filling period. The treatments comprised three temperature regimes which are designated as the high (35/28oC- day/night), low (25/20oC- day/night) and natural condition as the control (35/25oC- day/night). The results showed that the maximum chalkiness rate was 61.11% under high temperature and the minimum (22.59%) under low temperature. The lowest head rice rate was 42.76% under high temperature followed by 49.91% in the control, while the highest (62.33%) under low temperature. The contents of GA1, GA4, Z and ZR were decreased gradually from 7 to 35 days after anthesis (DAA) irrespective of treatments. IAA content began to decrease from 14 DAA and continued up to 35 DAA and ABA was reduced from 28 to 35 DAA under low temperature in comparison to control and high temperature. ABA content was increased from 7 to 21 DAA and then declined at high temperature. The results showed that contents of GA1, GA4, Z, ZR were high at low temperature compared to high temperature and control. IAA content was also high during grain development period at low temperature except 7 DAA. Higher phytohormone contents were observed in endosperm than in flag leaves. Phytohormone content ratio (endosperm: flag leaves) was found highest in IAA and the lowest in GA1. A significant positive correlation was found between ABA and chalkiness rate during early to mid grain filling period, while significant negative correlations were noticed between chalkiness rate and other phytohormones during grain filling period. Correlation results revealed that increased level of ABA during early to mid grain filing period caused by high temperature was more responsible for development of chalkiness.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 53-65, March 2017

Heat stress in grain legumes during reproductive and grain-filling phases

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Faisal Nadeem ◽  
Nirmali Gogoi ◽  
Aman Ullah ◽  
Salem S. Alghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
The Impact

Thermal stress during reproductive development and grain-filling phases is a serious threat to the quality and productivity of grain legumes. The optimum temperature range for grain legume crops is 10−36°C, above which severe losses in grain yield can occur. Various climatic models have simulated that the temperature near the earth’s surface will increase (by up to 4°C) by the end of this century, which will intensify the chances of heat stress in crop plants. The magnitude of damage or injury posed by a high-temperature stress mainly depends on the defence response of the crop and the specific growth stage of the crop at the time of exposure to the high temperature. Heat stress affects grain development in grain legumes because it disintegrates the tapetum layer, which reduces nutrient supply to microspores leading to premature anther dehiscence; hampers the synthesis and distribution of carbohydrates to grain, curtailing the grain-filling duration leading to low grain weight; induces poor pod development and fractured embryos; all of which ultimately reduce grain yield. The most prominent effects of heat stress include a substantial reduction in net photosynthetic rate, disintegration of photosynthetic apparatus and increased leaf senescence. To curb the catastrophic effect of heat stress, it is important to improve heat tolerance in grain legumes through improved breeding and genetic engineering tools and crop management strategies. In this review, we discuss the impact of heat stress on leaf senescence, photosynthetic machinery, assimilate translocation, water relations, grain quality and development processes. Furthermore, innovative breeding, genetic, molecular and management strategies are discussed to improve the tolerance against heat stress in grain legumes.

High Temperature at Grain-filling Stage Affects Nitrogen Metabolism Enzyme Activities in Grains and Grain Nutritional Quality in Rice

Rice Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-gang LIANG ◽  
Li-ping CHEN ◽  
Yan WANG ◽  
Jia LIU ◽  
Guang-li XU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Metabolism Enzyme ◽  
Grain Filling Stage

scholarly journals Characterization of physicochemical qualities and starch structures of two indica rice varieties tolerant to high temperature during grain filling

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 102966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Fan ◽  
Yingqiu Li ◽  
Yun Zhu ◽  
Jingdong Wang ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Varieties

scholarly journals Adaptability Mechanisms of Japonica Rice Based on the Comparative Temperature Conditions of Harbin and Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province of Northeast China

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2367
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahbaz Farooq ◽  
Amatus Gyilbag ◽  
Ahmad Latif Virk ◽  
Yinlong Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Maximum Time ◽  
The Impact

Japonica rice has been considerably impacted from climate change, mainly regarding temperature variations. Adjusting the crop management practices based on the assessment of adaptability mechanisms to take full advantage of climate resources during the growing season is an important technique for japonica rice adaptation to climate changed conditions. Research based on the adaptability mechanisms of japonica rice to temperature and other environmental variables has theoretical and practical significance to constitute a theoretical foundation for sustainable japonica rice production system. A contrived study was arranged with method of replacing time with space having four different japonica cultivars namely Longdao-18, Longdao-21, Longjing-21, and Suijing-18, and carried out in Harbin and Qiqihar during the years 2017–2019 to confer with the adaptability mechanisms in terms of growth, yield and quality. The formation of the grain-filling material for superior and inferior grains was mainly in the middle phase which shared nearly 60% of whole grain-filling process. Maximum yield was noticed in Longdao-18 at Harbin and Qiqihar which was 9500 and 13,250 kg/ha, respectively. The yield contributing components fertile tillers, number of grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight were higher at Qiqihar; therefore, there was more potential to get higher yield. The data for grain-filling components demonstrated that the filling intensity and duration at Qiqihar was contributive to increase the grain yield, whereas the limiting agents to limit yield at Harbin were the dry weights of inferior grains. The varietal differences in duration and time of day of anthesis were small. Across all cultivars and both study sites, nearly 85% of the variation of the maximum time of anthesis could be justified with mean atmospheric temperature especially mean minimum temperature. Mean onset of anthesis was earliest in Longdao-21 at Harbin, whereas it was latest in Longdao-18 at Qiqihar. The maximum time to end anthesis and the longest duration of anthesis were taken by Longdao-18, i.e., 9.0 hasr and 4.2 h, respectively. Chalkiness and brown rice percentages were elevated at Qiqihar showing Harbin produced good quality rice. This study investigated the adaptability mechanisms of japonica rice under varying temperature conditions to distinguish the stress tolerance features for future sustainability and profitability in NEC. It was concluded that there is an adaptive value for anthesis especially regarding Tmin and, moreover, earlier transplantation may produce tall plants. The results demonstrated that high temperature at the onset of anthesis at the start of the day enhanced the escape from high temperature later during the day. Early transplantation is recommended in NEC because earlier anthesis during humid days rendered for potential escape from high ambient temperature later during that day. Temperature influenced japonica rice significantly and coherently, whereas the influence of growing season precipitation was not significant. Daily mean sunshine influenced the japonica rice significantly, but the impact was less spatially coherent. The results foregrounded the response of the japonica rice to external driving factors focusing climate, but ignored socioeconomic suggesting emphasis on both driving factors to target future research and render important insights into how japonica rice can adapt in mid-high-latitude regions.

scholarly journals Dampak Suhu Tinggi terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Padi

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-254
Author(s):  
Usamah Jaisyurahman ◽  
Desta Wirnas ◽  
Trikoesoemaningtyas ◽  
Dan Heni Purnamawati
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Grain Number Per Panicle

Global warming becomes a pressure in food production sustainability because it affected crop growth and development. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the effect of high-temperature stress on the growth and development phase of rice and to evaluate the genotype for tolerance to high-temperature stress. Two environment conditions were used in the field and greenhouse of IPB Cikabayan experimental field, IPB University from August 2016 until February 2017. The study used varieties of IPB 4S, IPB 6R, Mekongga, and Situ Patenggang. High-temperature treatment was done by transferring the rice plants to the greenhouse at 50 days after transplanting. Observations were made on the generative phase in two different environmental conditions. The results showed that the total tillers number, filled grain number per panicle, unfilled grain number per panicle, total grain number per panicle, grain filling rate, percentage of filled grain and filled grain weight per plant had different responses among rice genotypes due to high-temperature stress. High-temperature decreased pollen fertility in all genotypes, which classified IPB 4S as a sensitive genotype and Mekongga as a tolerant genotype. This information could be useful for development and improving rice variety to anticipate high-temperature stress. Keywords: Climate change, fertility, pollen, stress tolerance index

scholarly journals Dynamics of starch synthesis enzymes and their relationship with chalkiness of early indica rice under different postanthesis temperature regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-238
Author(s):  
Mohammed Humayun Kabir ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Shitou Xia ◽  
Ruozhong Wang ◽  
Langtao Xiao
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Head Rice

An experiment on an early indica rice cv. ‘Shenyou9576’ was conducted in the Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China in 2014 to investigate the influence of varying post-anthesis temperatures on chalkiness rate, head rice rate, and on major 6 starch synthesis enzymes i.e., SuSy (EC 1.9.3.1), ADPG-Ppas (EC 2.7.7.27), SSS (EC 2.4.1.21) and GBSS, (EC 2.4.1.21), SBE (EC 2.4.1.18) and SDBE (EC 3.2.1.70). The treatments comprised of three temperature regimes which are designated as the high (35/28oC- day/night), low (25/20oC- day/night) and natural condition (35/25oC-day/night) as the control. Under high temperature maximum chalkiness rate was 61.11% and minimum was 22.59% under low temperature treatment. The lowest head rice rate was 42.76% under high temperature treatment followed by 49.91% in the control, while the highest rate was 62.33% under low temperature treatment. Maximum grain filling rate (Gmax) was found highest (1.69 mg/day) in the high temperature and average grain filling rate (Gavg) was found highest (1.36 mg/day) under the control. The activity of SuSy, ADPG-Ppase, SSS and GBSS were decreased gradually from 14 to 35 days after flowering (DAF). Irrespective of the treatments, an increasing trend of ADPG-Ppase activity was observed from 7 to 14 DAF and then declined. Correlation between the chalkiness and the enzymes activity of SuSy, ADPG-Ppase and SSS were significantly negative at 21, 28 and 35 DAFs, i.e., higher activity of SuSy, ADPG-Ppase and SSS at the mid-late to the late caryopsis development stage mediated by low temperature treatment played an important role for the reduction of chalkiness. The correlation between GBSS activity and chalkiness was significantly negative and stronger at 14, 21 and 28 DAF indicating that GBSS played a cardinal role to reduce chalkiness in the mid to mid-late stage of rice grain development. Significantly negative correlation was found between starch branching enzyme (SBE) and chalkiness at 21, 28 and 35 DAF, i.e., the higher SBE activity under low temperature treatment at the later grain filling stage also had a positive role in reduction of chalkiness. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(2): 223-238, June 2019

scholarly journals Magnesium Application Promotes Rubisco Activation and Contributes to High-Temperature Stress Alleviation in Wheat During the Grain Filling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhang Shao ◽  
Shiyu Li ◽  
Lijun Gao ◽  
Chuanjiao Sun ◽  
Jinling Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rubisco Activase ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Temperature Cycle ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Rubisco Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rubisco Activation

Inhibited photosynthesis caused by post-anthesis high-temperature stress (HTS) leads to decreased wheat grain yield. Magnesium (Mg) plays critical roles in photosynthesis; however, its function under HTS during wheat grain filling remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of Mg on the impact of HTS on photosynthesis during wheat grain filling by conducting pot experiments in controlled-climate chambers. Plants were subjected to a day/night temperature cycle of 32°C/22°C for 5 days during post-anthesis; the control temperature was set at 26°C/16°C. Mg was applied at the booting stage, with untreated plants used as a control. HTS reduced the yield and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of wheat plants. The maximum carboxylation rate (VCmax), which is limited by Rubisco activity, decreased earlier than the light-saturated potential electron transport rate. This decrease in VCmax was caused by decreased Rubisco activation state under HTS. Mg application reduced yield loss by stabilizing Pn. Rubisco activation was enhanced by increasing Rubisco activase activity following Mg application, thereby stabilizing Pn. We conclude that Mg maintains Rubisco activation, thereby helping to stabilize Pn under HTS.

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