Methods for Pathogenicity Tests of Seed-borne Macrophomina phaseolina isolated from Different Hosts

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Thirumalachar ◽  
Paul Neergaard ◽  
Golam A. Fakir
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Macrophomina phaseolina, the Incitant of Coleus forskohlii Revealed by RAPD Markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chathuri Mudalige ◽  
ST Girisha ◽  
VB Raghavendra ◽  
MH Niranjan ◽  
K Ravikumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Coleus Forskohlii ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

Coleus forskohlii belong to family lamiaceae is one of the commercial plants grown extensively in the country, the chemical found in the Coleus which has both medicinal application and gives great economy to the industrial organizations. Unfortunately, these plants are being highly succumbed to serious diseases like wilt and root rot caused by a fungus, hence the growers and industrialists are facing severe problem in safeguarding this crop in the field irrespective of the agro climatic conditions. Root rot disease, is one of the major diseases of Coleus forskohlii which, is caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, Pathogen variability was studied at both morphological and molecular level using cultural characteristics and Rapid Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis respectively. Totally thirty two isolates were isolated from roots of Coleus forskohlii. In RAPD 165 bands were obtained out of them 121 bands (73.3%) were polymorphic with a similarity coefficient of 0.48-0.66. Clusters analysis of RAPD data when Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) Tree constructed using NTSYS, it showed 6 groups. Among them two were major clusters and 4 were minor clusters with similarity coefficient 0.48-0.66. The pathogenicity of the isolates was tested on Coleus forskohlii plants. Analysis of the pathogenicity tests results revealed that the isolates grouped under two major clusters which were different from the one obtained using RAPD data. The results indicate that the data from RAPD analysis and Pathogenicity tests do not correlate with each other.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v5i1.5598 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.5(1) 2011 44-50

scholarly journals A Severe Outbreak of Charcoal Rot in Cantaloupe Melon Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in Chile

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Jacob ◽  
C. Krarup ◽  
G. A. Díaz ◽  
B. A. Latorre
Keyword(s):  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Agar Plug ◽  
Fruit Decay ◽  
Mycelial Plug ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Cork Borer ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

A severe outbreak of charcoal rot was observed in cantaloupe melon (Cucumis melo L.) in the summer of 2011 to 2012 in Curacaví Valley, Chile. Prior to harvest, of 72 plants per cultivar, charcoal rot prevalence varied from 32% to 82% in cvs. Colima, Charantias, Navigator, Origami, Otero, and Samoa. Symptoms were wilting and leaf browning associated with water-soaked lesions at the base of the crown with amber to dark brown exudates. Lesions dried out progressively, turned tan, and cracked. Affected plants declined and died before harvest. Reddish fruit decay was observed. Symptomatic stem and root samples (n = 97) were collected, surface disinfected (96% ethanol, 30 s), plated on PDA acidified with 0.5 ml/liter of 92% lactic acid (APDA), and incubated at 20 ± 1°C. A white, fast-growing mycelium was obtained that turned gray to black after 7 days due to the presence of spherical to oblong black microsclerotia 136 ± 52 μm (n = 80) in diameter. On the basis of colony morphology and microsclerotia, 57 isolates (59%), obtained from 97 melon samples, were tentatively identified as Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. (2,3). The morphological identification of four isolates M1HB-B, M2CO-B, M3CH-R, and M4OT-B (GenBank Accession Nos. JX203630, JX203631, JX203632, and JX203633) was confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) of rDNA, using primers ITS4 and ITS5, with >99% similarity with the sequences of M. phaseolina (GenBank Accession No. HQ660592) (4). Pathogenicity tests were conducted with isolates M1HB-B, M2CO-B, M3CH-R, and M4OT-B on melon fruits cvs. Colima, Origami, Charantias, and Diva. Four mature melon fruits per cultivar per isolate were surface disinfected with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min before inserting a mycelium plug (19 mm2) in a 6 mm diameter hole made with a sterile cork borer. An equal number of perforated fruits in which a sterile agar plug was inserted were left as non-inoculated controls. After 8 days of incubation at 20°C, inoculated fruits developed a spherical, reddish, soft necrotic lesion of 15 to 20 mm in diameter in the pulp. Non-inoculated fruits remained symptomless. The pathogenicity of the four isolates was also studied in 3-month-old melon plants (n = 4) cvs. Colima and Navigator. Plants were inoculated by inserting a mycelial plug (9 mm2) underneath the epidermis of the crown, 5 cm above the soil level. The inoculation site was immediately wrapped with Parafilm to avoid dehydration. An equal number of non-inoculated, but injured plants, treated with a sterile agar plug, were left as controls. After 21 days of incubation under greenhouse conditions (17 ± 5.5°C), all inoculated plants developed water-soaked to dry necrotic lesions, 20 to 70 mm long, yellow to tan in color. No symptoms were obtained in non-inoculated controls. M. phaseolina was reisolated in 84% and 100% of the inoculated plants and fruits, respectively. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of charcoal rot in cantaloupe melon in Chile, previously found on watermelon and melon group inodorus (1). Charcoal rot appears as an emerging disease that aggressively affects current cantaloupe melon cultivars in central Chile. References: (1) G. Apablaza. Cien. Inv. Agr. 20:101, 1993. (2) B. D. Bruton and E. V. Wann. Charcoal rot. Page 9 in: Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases. T. A. Zitter, D. L. Hopkins, and C. E. Thomas, eds. APS, St. Paul, MN, 1996. (3) S. Kaur et al. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 38:136, 2012. (4) J. Q. Zhang et al. Plant Dis. 95:872, 2011.

scholarly journals Kayısı Bitkilerinden Elde Edilen Macrophomina phaseolina İzolatlarının Büyüme Oranları, Patojenisiteleri, Klorat Fenotipleri ve Genetik Çeşitlilikleri

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
İrem Pekgöz ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Tok
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Temperature Responses ◽  
Very High ◽  
Hyphal Tip

Surveys were conducted in apricot orchards and gardens in Hatay province of Turkey in 2014 summer season. Apricot plants showing yellowing, wilting and root rot symptoms were collected. Infected plant tissues were surface sterilized and transferred to PDA medium which contains tetracycline. After 5-days incubation period, fungal colonies were identified based on their microscopic and macroscopic characteristics. Totally, 30 isolates were identified as Macrophomina phaseolina. All the isolates were subcultured by single microsclerotia or hyphal tip techniques and kept in +6°C room conditions. Discs of 10mm from each isolate were transferred to PDA medium and kept in 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C temperature conditions and optimum growing temperatures were determined as 25 and 30°C. For phenotypical characterizations, all isolates were grown on minimal medium containing 120mM potassium chlorate and 21 of 30 were observed to be dense, 6 were feathery and 3 were restricted, respectively. According to results, there was no correlation between location and phenotype. For the pathogenicity tests, isolates were inoculated onto apricot, peanut, soybean, maize and melon plants and disease severity was measured by using 0-4 scale after 21-days incubation period. The observed disease severity was very high on apricot with the value of 3.87 and moderate on the other plants. There was no difference in disease severity on peanut, soybean, maize and melon seedlings statistically. For molecular characterizations, 14 RAPD primers were used and based on the analysis, 14 of 51 bands were found to be polymorphic. According to phylogenetic analysis, the isolates were grouped into 2 main clusters with many of sub-clusters. No correlation was observed between clusters and locations, temperature responses, chlorate phenotypes or pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Pathogenicity of Fungi Associated with Melon Root Rot and Vine Decline in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Aegerter ◽  
T. R. Gordon ◽  
R. M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Monosporascus Cannonballus ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Vine Decline ◽  
Production Areas

The occurrence of fungi associated with root rot and vine decline of melon (Cucumis melo) in commercial fields in California was surveyed over 3 years. The fungi most frequently isolated from discolored vascular tissue or root rot were Acremonium cucurbitacearum, Rhizopycnis vagum, Monosporascus cannonballus, Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Pythium spp., and Verticillium dahliae. The frequency of isolation of the various fungi varied with root symptomology. Pythium spp., and M. phaseolina were frequently associated with a wet, brownish root rot, while A. cucurbitacearum, R. vagum, and Rhizoctonia solani were generally associated with a dry, corky root rot. Presence of Monosporascus cannonballus was associated both with a wet, brownish rot as well as with discrete, reddish, corky lesions. The frequency of isolation of a given pathogen varied with geographic location, with M. cannonballus present only in the southern production areas, while A. cucurbitacearum and Rhizopycnis vagum were most common in the northern production areas. In pathogenicity tests in field microplots, M. cannonballus caused vine collapse and severe root rot of cantaloupe, reducing root length density by 93%. California isolates of R. vagum and A. cucurbitacearum, although only weakly pathogenic in field microplots, caused root discoloration and reduced vine growth in greenhouse tests. Reduction in dry weight of greenhouse-grown cantaloupe was 40, 23, and 39% for R. vagum, A. cucurbitacearum, and M. cannonballus, respectively.

Identification and Monitoring Strategy of Macrophomina phaseolina from Imported Soybeans

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 353-357
Author(s):  
Juan Sun ◽  
Shun Sheng Chen ◽  
Cui Yu ◽  
Cui Yun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Rdna Sequence ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Monitoring Strategy ◽  
Inspection And Quarantine ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

The isolate MP-63280 was isolated from imported soybean in Shanghai port by traditional PDA method. The isolate grew fast, produced typical black microsclerotia. Universal primers and special primers were used to amplify and sequence from MP-63280. Compared with the identity of rDNA sequence of Macrophomina phaseolina from NCBI GenBank databases by blast method, the result showed that its homology was up to 99%. Pathogenicity tests showed that soybean, cotton and sweet potato were infected by MP-63280. Based on morphological characteristics, molecular and pathogenicity test results, the isolate was identified as Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) goid. The effective methods to prevent the fungi from spread and transimission are to strengthen inspection and quarantine.

scholarly journals A Simple and Effective Technique for Production of Pycnidia and Pycnidiospores by Macrophomina phaseolina

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1183-1187
Author(s):  
Xinbei Zhao ◽  
Yunxia Ni ◽  
Xintao Liu ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
New Method ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Oatmeal Agar ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Agar Media

Production of pycnidia and pycnidiospores by Macrophomina phaseolina is not often seen in vitro. The objective of this study is to develop a simple and effective technique to obtain pycnidiospores of M. phaseolina isolates in vitro and to evaluate germination rates and pathogenicity of pycnidiospores. We found M. phaseolina isolates can produce pycnidia on oatmeal agar (OMA) under ultraviolet light with 365 nm wavelength (UV). For evaluating the effect of OMA and UV on growth of M. phaseolina, combinations of two agar media and three lighting conditions were tested. The results confirm that all six M. phaseolina isolates produced pycnidia only on OMA under UV. The pycnidiospores produced on OMA under UV had germination rates higher than 90%. In pathogenicity tests, inoculation with the pycnidiospores showed symptoms later than inoculation with hypha-colonized toothpicks. Significant differences in the pathogenicity is detected between isolates Mp2014003 and Mp2014024 when inoculation is done with the pycnidiospores (P < 0.001), but not when hypha-colonized toothpicks are used as inoculum (P = 0.091). This study provides a new method for obtaining pycnidiospores of M. phaseolina for future investigations.

scholarly journals Flowering Dogwood Infections with Macrophomina phaseolina

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-336
Author(s):  
Margaret T. Mmbaga ◽  
Lucas A. Mackasmiel ◽  
Frank A. Mrema
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Cornus Florida ◽  
Soil Line ◽  
Flowering Dogwood ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Small Roots ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Disease Free

Macrophomina phaseolina was isolated from the crown region and roots of mature flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) trees in the landscape and nursery plantings. Although this pathogen has been reported in Cornus species, its occurrence and impact on C. florida has not been reported. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on dogwood seedlings, and all inoculated seedlings developed root necrotic lesions and no small lateral roots, whereas the non-inoculated control seedlings remained disease-free and developed numerous small roots. Seedlings inoculated with M. phaseolina exhibited numerous microsclerotia, but non-inoculated seedlings did not. In greenhouse experiments, plants inoculated on the stems near the soil line developed brown canker-like lesions and swellings around the inoculated area. These were not observed on non-inoculated plants.

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Macrophomina phaseolina isolated from gummosis infected citrus reticulata

2013 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Rubal C Das ◽  
Rajib Banik ◽  
Robiul Hasan Bhuiyan ◽  
Md Golam Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative

Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the pathogenic organisms of gummosis disease of orange tree (Citrus reticulata). The pathogen was identified from the observation of their colony size, shape, colour, mycelium, conidiophore, conidia, hyaline, spore, and appressoria in the PDA culture. The crude chloroform extracts from the organism showed antibacterial activity against a number of Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The crude chloroform extract also showed promising antifungal activity against three species of the genus Aspergillus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the crude chloroform extract from M. phaseolina against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Shigella sonnie were 128 ?gm, 256 ?gm, 128 ?gm and 64 ?gm/ml respectively. The LD50 (lethal dose) values of the cytotoxicity assay over brine shrimp of the crude chloroform extract from M. phaseolina was found to be 51.79 ?gm/ml. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cujbs.v5i1.13378 The Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci.,Vol. 5(1 &2):125-133, 2010

Infections of bean plant and field soil are linked to region, root rot pathogen, and agro-ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Naseri ◽  
M. Gheitury ◽  
M. Veisi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
Pathogen Prevalence ◽  
Soil Infestation

SummaryUnderstanding pathogen-agrosystem interaction is particularly essential when applying a control method to minimize pathogen prevalence prior to plant infection. To meet this requirement, frequency of major root rot pathogens isolated from bean root and seed, and their soil populations were examined in farmers’ fields. Multivariate analyses evidenced more frequent isolations of Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani from root and seed compared to Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum. Two Fusarium species had denser soil populations than R. solani and M. phaseolina. More frequent isolations of pathogens were detected in root and seed collected from Abhar and Khodabandeh compared to Kheirabad region. Agronomic and soil variables corresponded less closely to root infections compared to soil infestation and seed infections. Bean market class, herbicide application, and planting depth were linked to root, seed and soil infestations. Such information provides a basis for increased confidence in choosing appropriate control strategies for a pathogen and region in sustainable agriculture.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document