scholarly journals Occurrence and Pathogenicity of Fungi Associated with Melon Root Rot and Vine Decline in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Aegerter ◽  
T. R. Gordon ◽  
R. M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Monosporascus Cannonballus ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Vine Decline ◽  
Production Areas

The occurrence of fungi associated with root rot and vine decline of melon (Cucumis melo) in commercial fields in California was surveyed over 3 years. The fungi most frequently isolated from discolored vascular tissue or root rot were Acremonium cucurbitacearum, Rhizopycnis vagum, Monosporascus cannonballus, Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Pythium spp., and Verticillium dahliae. The frequency of isolation of the various fungi varied with root symptomology. Pythium spp., and M. phaseolina were frequently associated with a wet, brownish root rot, while A. cucurbitacearum, R. vagum, and Rhizoctonia solani were generally associated with a dry, corky root rot. Presence of Monosporascus cannonballus was associated both with a wet, brownish rot as well as with discrete, reddish, corky lesions. The frequency of isolation of a given pathogen varied with geographic location, with M. cannonballus present only in the southern production areas, while A. cucurbitacearum and Rhizopycnis vagum were most common in the northern production areas. In pathogenicity tests in field microplots, M. cannonballus caused vine collapse and severe root rot of cantaloupe, reducing root length density by 93%. California isolates of R. vagum and A. cucurbitacearum, although only weakly pathogenic in field microplots, caused root discoloration and reduced vine growth in greenhouse tests. Reduction in dry weight of greenhouse-grown cantaloupe was 40, 23, and 39% for R. vagum, A. cucurbitacearum, and M. cannonballus, respectively.

scholarly journals Differential Yield Response Of Melon Hybrids with Monosporascus Root Rot/Vine Decline

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 675f-676
Author(s):  
David W. Wolff ◽  
Marvin E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Monosporascus Cannonballus ◽  
Vine Decline ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Don Carlos

Monosporascus root rot/vine decline (MRR/VD), caused by Monosporascus cannonballus, is a serious disease of the major melon production areas of Texas, California, and Arizona. We have previously identified differing levels of tolerance in melon germplasm based on vine disease symptoms. This study was conducted to evaluate the yield response of commercial and experimental cantaloupe and honeydew hybrids subjected to MRR/VD. Thirty-nine and six cantaloupe and honeydew hybrids, respectively, were transplanted into a field highly infested with M. cannonballus in March 1995 in a randomized, complete block with 4 replications. The field was highly infested with Monosporascus cannonballus. `Caravelle' (very susceptible) and `Deltex' (tolerant) were included as control entries. Fruit were harvested at maturity and sized. Any fruit that did not mature completely due to vine death were counted as culls (unmarketable). Marketable yield of the cantaloupe entries ranged from 26.74% to 67.35%. The most tolerant hybrids were `SR103654', `Don Carlos', `Explorer', and `Ovation'. Marketable yield of the honeydews ranged from 8.43% to 41.46%, with `Morning Ice' and `Creme de Menthe' showing the most tolerance. The best performing hybrids were evaluated again the Fall 1995 and Spring 1996 seasons. In general, genotypes which matured later, and had a more dispersed fruit set, were more tolerant to MRR/VD. This supports previous data showing that high physiological stress (heavy, concentrated fruit load) leads to more severe and rapid vine collapse.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Macrophomina phaseolina, the Incitant of Coleus forskohlii Revealed by RAPD Markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chathuri Mudalige ◽  
ST Girisha ◽  
VB Raghavendra ◽  
MH Niranjan ◽  
K Ravikumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Coleus Forskohlii ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

Coleus forskohlii belong to family lamiaceae is one of the commercial plants grown extensively in the country, the chemical found in the Coleus which has both medicinal application and gives great economy to the industrial organizations. Unfortunately, these plants are being highly succumbed to serious diseases like wilt and root rot caused by a fungus, hence the growers and industrialists are facing severe problem in safeguarding this crop in the field irrespective of the agro climatic conditions. Root rot disease, is one of the major diseases of Coleus forskohlii which, is caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, Pathogen variability was studied at both morphological and molecular level using cultural characteristics and Rapid Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis respectively. Totally thirty two isolates were isolated from roots of Coleus forskohlii. In RAPD 165 bands were obtained out of them 121 bands (73.3%) were polymorphic with a similarity coefficient of 0.48-0.66. Clusters analysis of RAPD data when Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) Tree constructed using NTSYS, it showed 6 groups. Among them two were major clusters and 4 were minor clusters with similarity coefficient 0.48-0.66. The pathogenicity of the isolates was tested on Coleus forskohlii plants. Analysis of the pathogenicity tests results revealed that the isolates grouped under two major clusters which were different from the one obtained using RAPD data. The results indicate that the data from RAPD analysis and Pathogenicity tests do not correlate with each other.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v5i1.5598 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.5(1) 2011 44-50

scholarly journals Effect of bio-agents on pathogenic fungi associated with roots of some deciduous fruit transplants and growth parameters in New Valley Governorate, Egypt

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Magd El-Morsi Awad El-Morsi ◽  
Montaser Fawzy Abdel-Monaim
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Abstract Root rot and wilt disease complex was detected in several fig (Ficus carica L.), grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) transplants in nurseries and new orchards of the El-Kharga, Baris, Balate, El-Dakhla, and El-Farafrah districts, of the New Valley governorate, Egypt. The percentage of root rot/wilt incidence and severity on fig, grapevine, and pomegranate transplants in the surveyed districts differed. The average percentages of root rot/wilt incidence and severity, in the surveyed districts, were 41.26, 31.42% in fig, 38.2, 29.5% in grapevine, and 32.1, 23.7% in pomegranate transplants, respectively. The most frequently isolated fungi from rotted roots of fig, grapevine, and pomegranate transplants were Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Macrophomena phaseolina. In pathogenicity tests, all the tested fungi were pathogenic to fig, grapevine, and pomegranate transplants. Under laboratory conditions, all of the following tested bio-agents: Azotobacter sp., Bacillus cereus, B. megaterium, and B. subtilis, were able to inhibit growth of the causal pathogens to different degrees. The effect of these bio-agents individually and/or mixed, when used as a soil drench treatment, were varied in reducing the incidence and severity of root rot/wilt diseases in fig, grapevine, and pomegranate transplants under greenhouse conditions. The mixed bio-agents gave the highest protection against root rot/wilt diseases compared with the individually used of bio-agents. All treatments significantly increased plant height, number of leaves/transplant, leaf area, fresh and dry weight/transplant compared with the control treatment.

scholarly journals First Report of Root Rot and Vine Decline of Melon Caused by Monosporascus cannonballus in Greece

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1036-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Markakis ◽  
E. A. Trantas ◽  
C. S. Lagogianni ◽  
E. Mpalantinaki ◽  
M. Pagoulatou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Monosporascus Cannonballus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vine Decline

scholarly journals Kayısı Bitkilerinden Elde Edilen Macrophomina phaseolina İzolatlarının Büyüme Oranları, Patojenisiteleri, Klorat Fenotipleri ve Genetik Çeşitlilikleri

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
İrem Pekgöz ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Tok
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Temperature Responses ◽  
Very High ◽  
Hyphal Tip

Surveys were conducted in apricot orchards and gardens in Hatay province of Turkey in 2014 summer season. Apricot plants showing yellowing, wilting and root rot symptoms were collected. Infected plant tissues were surface sterilized and transferred to PDA medium which contains tetracycline. After 5-days incubation period, fungal colonies were identified based on their microscopic and macroscopic characteristics. Totally, 30 isolates were identified as Macrophomina phaseolina. All the isolates were subcultured by single microsclerotia or hyphal tip techniques and kept in +6°C room conditions. Discs of 10mm from each isolate were transferred to PDA medium and kept in 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C temperature conditions and optimum growing temperatures were determined as 25 and 30°C. For phenotypical characterizations, all isolates were grown on minimal medium containing 120mM potassium chlorate and 21 of 30 were observed to be dense, 6 were feathery and 3 were restricted, respectively. According to results, there was no correlation between location and phenotype. For the pathogenicity tests, isolates were inoculated onto apricot, peanut, soybean, maize and melon plants and disease severity was measured by using 0-4 scale after 21-days incubation period. The observed disease severity was very high on apricot with the value of 3.87 and moderate on the other plants. There was no difference in disease severity on peanut, soybean, maize and melon seedlings statistically. For molecular characterizations, 14 RAPD primers were used and based on the analysis, 14 of 51 bands were found to be polymorphic. According to phylogenetic analysis, the isolates were grouped into 2 main clusters with many of sub-clusters. No correlation was observed between clusters and locations, temperature responses, chlorate phenotypes or pathogenicity.

scholarly journals Application of Preplant Fumigants via Drip Irrigation Systems for the Management of Root Rot of Melons Caused by Monosporascus cannonballus

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1176-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Stanghellini ◽  
D. M. Ferrin ◽  
D. H. Kim ◽  
M. M. Waugh ◽  
K. C. Radewald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Monosporascus Cannonballus ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Equivalent Rate ◽  
Vine Decline ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Better Than

Root rot and vine decline, caused by Monosporascus cannonballus, is a destructive disease of melons in the desert production regions of southern California. In 1998, we initiated studies on the use of preplant fumigation to reduce resident pathogen populations in soil. Preplant fumigation with methyl iodide injected as a hot gas at 448.4 kg/ha through drip irrigation tape in preformed, tarped beds consistently provided significant (P < 0.05) reductions in the percentage of roots infected compared with the nonfumigated controls; these reductions were equal to or better than those achieved with an equivalent rate (448.4 kg/ha) of methyl bromide. Chloropicrin applied in water at 249.0 kg/ha through buried drip irrigation tape to either tarped or nontarped beds significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the percentages of both roots infected and roots on which perithecia were produced compared with nonfumigated controls.

Effects of Preconditioning Through Mycorrhizal Inoculation on the Control of Melon Root Rot and Vine Decline Caused by Monosporascus cannonballus

2015 ◽  
Vol 163 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 898-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Aleandri ◽  
Diana Martignoni ◽  
Roberto Reda ◽  
Gabriele Chilosi
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Monosporascus Cannonballus ◽  
Vine Decline ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

scholarly journals Resistance in melon to Monosporascus cannonballus and M. eutypoides : Fungal pathogens associated with Monosporascus root rot and vine decline

2020 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Castro ◽  
Gorka Perpiñá ◽  
Cristina Esteras ◽  
Josep Armengol ◽  
Belén Picó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Monosporascus Cannonballus ◽  
Vine Decline

scholarly journals Comparisons of Root Morphology in Susceptible and Tolerant Melon Cultivars before and after Infection by Monosporascus cannonballus

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Crosby ◽  
David Wolff ◽  
Marvin Miller
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Monosporascus Cannonballus ◽  
Vine Decline ◽  
The Impact

The fungus Monosporascus cannonballus Pollock and Uecker infects melon (Cucumis melo L.) roots and causes root rot/vine decline disease, which has reduced productivity of commercial muskmelon and honeydew cultivars in South Texas. To assess the impact of the fungus on several root traits, two greenhouse experiments were carried out over two seasons. A comparison of inoculated vs. control root systems was carried out with four melon cultivars representing both susceptible (`Magnum 45' and `Caravelle') and tolerant types (`Deltex' and `Doublon'). The sand medium was inoculated with 50–60 colony forming units (CFUs) per gram of the severe Monosporascus strain, TX90-25. After a 30-day growth period, the control and inoculated root systems were carefully cleaned and evaluated. Roots were scanned by a computer and the data were analyzed by the Rhizo Pro 3.8 program. The traits of interest included total root length, average root diameter, number of root tips, number of fine roots (0–0.5 mm), and number of small roots (0.5–1 mm). Significant differences existed between the two tolerant cultivars and the two susceptible ones for four of the traits. Total root length, fine and small root length, and root tip number were greater for `Deltex' than for both susceptible cultivars and greater for `Doublon' than for `Caravelle'. The results suggest that tolerance to this pathogen is closely linked to the integrity of the root structure. The potential for improving root vigor to combat root rot/vine decline merits further investigation.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF A THERMOPHILIC FUNGUS IN THE ROOT ROT / VINE DECLINE DISEASE OF MUSKMELON IN TEXAS.

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 488c-488
Author(s):  
Ray D. Martyn ◽  
J. C. Mertely ◽  
M. E. Miller ◽  
B. D. Bruton
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Lower Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Decline Disease ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Vine Decline

A disease of muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) characterized by a vine decline and a cortical root rot was first observed in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas in 1986. In 1990, isolations from diseased plants collected from four commercial production fields yielded the fungus Monosporascus cannonballus. Pathogenicity tests with eight isolates confirmed Koch's postulates; however, there were differences in aggressiveness observed among isolates. M. cannonballus is an ascomycete fungus that typically produces only one (rarely two), round, jet-black ascospore per ascus. There is no known asexual stage. Temperature optimum of one isolate was 35 C. The optimum pH for growth was 6-7, but it grew well up to pH 9. M. cannonballus was first reported on muskmelon in 1970 from Arizona and recently was found in Japan under glass house culture. The presence of this fungus in Texas marks only the third report of this species worldwide, although a similar species (M. eutypoides) is the cause of a collapse of melon plants in Israel.

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