Light and electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analyses of Chloromonas pseudoplatyrhyncha (Volvocales, Chlorophyceae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Matsuzaki ◽  
Takashi Nakada ◽  
Yoshiaki Hara ◽  
Hisayoshi Nozaki
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Morphology and phylogeny of Halamphora yongxingensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta), a new marine benthic diatom isolated from Yongxing Island, South China Sea

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-ying Jiang ◽  
Chao-qun Hu ◽  
Hai-peng Yang ◽  
Lv-ping Zhang ◽  
Peng-fei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
18S Rdna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Benthic Diatom ◽  
Rbcl Gene ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Morphological Differences

Halamphora yongxingensis sp. nov., a marine benthic diatom isolated from an intertidal reef around the Yongxing Island, South China Sea (16° 58’ 43.3” N, 112° 14’ 41.7” E), is described in this study on the basis of light and electron microscopy. This diatom is also compared with related taxa such as Halamphora subturgida (Hustedt) Levkov and Amphora subtropica Wachnicka & Gaiser. In addition, phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rDNA and rbcL gene were also conducted. The results revealed that H. yongxingensis was clustered into the Halamphora clade, closely related to Halamphora montana (Krasske) Levkov. We discuss morphological differences between H. yongxingensis and H. montana.

scholarly journals Polulichloris henanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta), a novel subaerial coccoid green alga

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyin Song ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Guoxiang Liu ◽  
Zhengyu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Green Alga ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
18S Rdna Gene

Coccoid green algae are abundant in subaerial habitats, but they are largely unexplored because of their morphological uniformity. Several new genus-level lineages have recently been described on the basis of molecular data. In this study, a coccoid green alga was isolated from surface soil in Zhoukou, Henan Province, China, and the cultured cells were described using light and electron microscopy. The ellipsoidal cell had smooth cell wall and parietal chloroplast with a pyrenoid surrounded by a starch envelope. Reproduction occurred by formation of 2‒16 autospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the nuclear 18S rDNA gene and the chloroplast ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase gene (rbcL) indicated that this coccoid green alga represents a new lineage of the Watanabea clade (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta). Here, we describe this organism as a new genus and species, Polulichloris henanensis, gen. et sp. nov.

scholarly journals Speciation in the genera Anthericum and Chlorophytum (Asparagaceae) in Ethiopia—a molecular phylogenetic approach

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 297 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Sletten Bjorå ◽  
MARTE ELDEN ◽  
INGER NORDAL ◽  
ANNE K. BRYSTING ◽  
TESFAYE AWAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sister group relations of Ethiopian species of Anthericum and Chlorophytum and variation patterns in the C. gallabatense and C. comosum complexes were studied using molecular phylogenetic analyses, morphometrics, and scanning electron microscopy of seed surfaces. Results indicate that molecular data largely support previous morphological conclusions, and that speciation has occurred in Ethiopia at least three times in Anthericum and repeatedly within different subclades of Chlorophytum. Areas particularly rich in endemic species are the lowland area around Bale Mountains in SE Ethiopia and in the Beninshangul Gumuz regional state in W Ethiopia near the border to Sudan. A new species, Chlorophytum mamillatum Elden & Nordal, is described, and the names C. tordense and C. tetraphyllum are re-instated.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and morphology of genus Nephrocytium (Sphaeropleales, Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 319 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
XUDONG LIU ◽  
HUAN ZHU ◽  
BENWEN LIU ◽  
GUOXIANG LIU ◽  
ZHENGYU HU
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The genus Nephrocytium Nägeli is a common member of phytoplankton communities that has a distinctive morphology. Its taxonomic position is traditionally considered to be within the family Oocystaceae (Trebouxiophyceae). However, research on its ultrastructure is rare, and the phylogenetic position has not yet been determined. In this study, two strains of Nephrocytium, N. agardhianum Nägeli and N. limneticum (G.M.Smith) G.M.Smith, were identified and successfully cultured in the laboratory. Morphological inspection by light and electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed to explore the taxonomic position. Ultrastructure implied a likely irregular network of dense and fine ribs on the surface of the daughter cell wall that resembled that of the genus Chromochloris Kol & Chodat (Chromochloridaceae). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Nephrocytium formed an independent lineage in the order Sphaeropleales (Chlorophyceae) with high support values and a close phylogenetic relationship with Chromochloris. Based on combined morphological, ultrastructural and phylogenetic data, we propose a re-classification of Nephrocytium into Sphaeropleales, sharing a close relationship with Chromochloris.

scholarly journals Diversity and Toxicity of the Genus Coolia Meunier in Brazil, and Detection of 44-methyl Gambierone in Coolia tropicalis

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Junqueira de Azevedo Tibiriçá ◽  
Manoella Sibat ◽  
Luciano Felício Fernandes ◽  
Gwenaël Bilien ◽  
Nicolas Chomérat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
First Record ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Species Definition ◽  
Benthic Dinoflagellates

Coolia is a genus of marine benthic dinoflagellates which is widely distributed in tropical and temperate zones. Toxicity has been reported in selected Coolia species, although the identity of causative compounds is still controversial. In this study, we investigated the taxonomical and toxicological aspects of Coolia species from Brazil. Since light- and electron microscopy-based morphology was not enough to distinguish small-celled species, ITS and LSU D1-D3 phylogenetic analyses were used for species definition. Cultures of Coolia palmyrensis and Coolia santacroce were established from samples collected along the northeastern Brazilian coast, the first record of both species in South Atlantic waters. Cultures of Coolia malayensis and Coolia tropicalis were also established and exhibited acute in vivo toxicity to adults of Artemia salina, while C. palmyrensis and C. santacroce were non-toxic. The presence of 30 yessotoxin analogues, 7 metabolites of Coolia and 44 Gambierdiscus metabolites was screened in 14 strains of Coolia. 44-methyl gambierone (formerly referred to as MTX3) and a new isomer of this compound were detected only in C. tropicalis, using both low- and high-resolution LC-MS/MS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of gambierone analogues in dinoflagellates other than Gambierdiscus; the role of C. tropicalis in ciguatera poisoning thus deserves to be considered in further investigations.

scholarly journals Species identification of European forest pathogens of the genus Milesina (Pucciniales) using urediniospore morphology and molecular barcoding including M. woodwardiana sp. nov.

MycoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 1-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Bubner ◽  
Ramona Buchheit ◽  
Frank Friedrich ◽  
Volker Kummer ◽  
Markus Scholler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
Molecular Barcoding ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Pore Number ◽  
Scanning Electron

Species of rust fungi of the genus Milesina (Pucciniastraceae, Pucciniales) are distributed mainly in northern temperate regions. They host-alternate between needles of fir (Abies spp.) and fronds of ferns (species of Polypodiales). Milesina species are distinguished based on host taxonomy and urediniospore morphology. In this study, 12 species of Milesina from Europe were revised. Specimens were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy for urediniospore morphology with a focus on visualising germ pores (number, size and position) and echinulation. In addition, barcode loci (ITS, nad6, 28S) were used for species delimitation and for molecular phylogenetic analyses. Barcodes of 72 Milesina specimens were provided, including 11 of the 12 species. Whereas urediniospore morphology features were sufficient to distinguish all 12 Milesina species except for 2 (M.blechni and M.kriegeriana), ITS sequences separated only 4 of 11 species. Sequencing with 28S and nad6 did not improve species resolution. Phylogenetic analysis, however, revealed four phylogenetic groups within Milesina that also correlate with specific urediniospore characters (germ pore number and position and echinulation). These groups are proposed as new sections within Milesina (sections Milesina, Vogesiacae M. Scholler & Bubner, sect. nov., Scolopendriorum M. Scholler & Bubner, sect. nov. and Carpaticae M. Scholler & Bubner, sect. nov.). In addition, Milesinawoodwardiana Buchheit & M. Scholler, sp. nov. on Woodwardiaradicans, a member of the type section Milesina, is newly described. An identification key for European Milesina species, based on urediniospore features, is provided.

scholarly journals Evidence from the resurrected family Polyrhabdinidae Kamm, 1922 (Apicomplexa: Gregarinomorpha) supports the epimerite, an attachment organelle, as a major eugregarine innovation

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11912
Author(s):  
Gita G. Paskerova ◽  
Tatiana S. Miroliubova ◽  
Andrea Valigurová ◽  
Jan Janouškovec ◽  
Magdaléna Kováčiková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Lsu Rdna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
And Function

Background Gregarines are a major group of apicomplexan parasites of invertebrates. The gregarine classification is largely incomplete because it relies primarily on light microscopy, while electron microscopy and molecular data in the group are fragmentary and often do not overlap. A key characteristic in gregarine taxonomy is the structure and function of their attachment organelles (AOs). AOs have been commonly classified as “mucrons” or “epimerites” based on their association with other cellular traits such as septation. An alternative proposal focused on the AOs structure, functional role, and developmental fate has recently restricted the terms “mucron” to archigregarines and “epimerite” to eugregarines. Methods Light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, molecular phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal RNA genes. Results We obtained the first data on fine morphology of aseptate eugregarines Polyrhabdina pygospionis and Polyrhabdina cf. spionis, the type species. We demonstrate that their AOs differ from the mucron in archigregarines and represent an epimerite structurally resembling that in other eugregarines examined using electron microscopy. We then used the concatenated ribosomal operon DNA sequences (SSU, 5.8S, and LSU rDNA) of P. pygospionis to explore the phylogeny of eugregarines with a resolution superior to SSU rDNA alone. The obtained phylogenies show that the Polyrhabdina clade represents an independent, deep-branching family in the Ancoroidea clade within eugregarines. Combined, these results lend strong support to the hypothesis that the epimerite is a synapomorphic innovation of eugregarines. Based on these findings, we resurrect the family Polyrhabdinidae Kamm, 1922 and erect and diagnose the family Trollidiidae fam. n. within the superfamily Ancoroidea Simdyanov et al., 2017. Additionally, we re-describe the characteristics of P. pygospionis, emend the diagnoses of the genus Polyrhabdina, the family Polyrhabdinidae, and the superfamily Ancoroidea.

scholarly journals A new view on the morphology and phylogeny of eugregarines suggested by the evidence from the gregarine Ancora sagittata (Leuckart, 1860) Labbé, 1899 (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida)

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timur G. Simdyanov ◽  
Laure Guillou ◽  
Andrei Y. Diakin ◽  
Kirill V. Mikhailov ◽  
Joseph Schrével ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages

Background Gregarines are a group of early branching Apicomplexa parasitizing invertebrate animals. Despite their wide distribution and relevance to the understanding the phylogenesis of apicomplexans, gregarines remain understudied: light microscopy data are insufficient for classification, and electron microscopy and molecular data are fragmentary and overlap only partially. Methods Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, PCR, DNA cloning and sequencing (Sanger and NGS), molecular phylogenetic analyses using ribosomal RNA genes (18S (SSU), 5.8S, and 28S (LSU) ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs)). Results and Discussion We present the results of an ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic study on the marine gregarine Ancora sagittata from the polychaete Capitella capitata followed by evolutionary and taxonomic synthesis of the morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence on eugregarines. The ultrastructure of Ancora sagittata generally corresponds to that of other eugregarines, but reveals some differences in epicytic folds (crests) and attachment apparatus to gregarines in the family Lecudinidae, where Ancora sagittata has been classified. Molecular phylogenetic trees based on SSU (18S) rDNA reveal several robust clades (superfamilies) of eugregarines, including Ancoroidea superfam. nov., which comprises two families (Ancoridae fam. nov. and Polyplicariidae) and branches separately from the Lecudinidae; thus, all representatives of Ancoroidea are here officially removed from the Lecudinidae. Analysis of sequence data also points to possible cryptic species within Ancora sagittata and the inclusion of numerous environmental sequences from anoxic habitats within the Ancoroidea. LSU (28S) rDNA phylogenies, unlike the analysis of SSU rDNA alone, recover a well-supported monophyly of the gregarines involved (eugregarines), although this conclusion is currently limited by sparse taxon sampling and the presence of fast-evolving sequences in some species. Comparative morphological analyses of gregarine teguments and attachment organelles lead us to revise their terminology. The terms “longitudinal folds” and “mucron” are restricted to archigregarines, whereas the terms “epicystic crests” and “epimerite” are proposed to describe the candidate synapomorphies of eugregarines, which, consequently, are considered as a monophyletic group. Abolishing the suborders Aseptata and Septata, incorporating neogregarines into the Eugregarinida, and treating the major molecular phylogenetic lineages of eugregarines as superfamilies appear as the best way of reconciling recent morphological and molecular evidence. Accordingly, the diagnosis of the order Eugregarinida Léger, 1900 is updated.

The Morphology of Vacuolated Cells in the Liver Following Administration of Vitamin A.

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
Odell T. Minick ◽  
Hidejiro Yokoo ◽  
Fawzia Batti
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Vascular Space ◽  
Vacuolated Cell ◽  
Vacuolated Cells ◽  
Vacuolated Cytoplasm

Vacuolated cells in the liver of young rats were studied by light and electron microscopy following the administration of vitamin A (200 units per gram of body weight). Their characteristics were compared with similar cells found in untreated animals.In rats given vitamin A, cells with vacuolated cytoplasm were a prominent feature. These cells were found mostly in a perisinusoidal location, although some appeared to be in between liver cells (Fig. 1). Electron microscopy confirmed their location in Disse's space adjacent to the sinusoid and in recesses between liver cells. Some appeared to be bordering the lumen of the sinusoid, but careful observation usually revealed a tenuous endothelial process separating the vacuolated cell from the vascular space. In appropriate sections, fenestrations in the thin endothelial processes were noted (Fig. 2, arrow).

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