Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B in a children's day–care centre: a preventable event

Relatively little is known about the risk of transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in day-care centers; the virus is primarily spread by blood and other body secretions. Gradual horizontal transmission of hepatitis B has been observed in homes for the mentally retarded.1-3 Horizontal spread in children appears to be of equal importance with vertical transmission in countries where hepatitis B is endemic.4 These infections, which usually are asymptomatic, may result in chronic carriage and may go undetected unless children are tested for hepatitis B markers. Studies in day-care centers in Okinawa, where HBV carriage is relatively common, suggest that transmission may occur in day-care centers.5 Case reports of HBV transmission in school or day-care settings in the US6 and Italy7 have been published. Our study was undertaken to determine whether there is evidence of horizontal transmission of HBV infections in US day-care facilities. To evaluate this, we screened for the antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), a marker which is seen both in those who have recovered from hepatitis B and those who are carriers.8 Capillary blood specimens, obtained by finger prick, were used. Children who tested positive had venous blood specimens drawn and their families were approached for consent to draw venous specimens also from the household members to evaluate if the infection may have originated in the family. The venous specimens were tested also for additional markers, especially for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), which is found during acute infection and in carriers, and antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) which develops after infection and immunization.

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Hvordan kommer matematisk meningsskaping til syne i barns lek? En casestudie

Tidsskrift for Nordisk Barnehageforskning ◽

10.7577/nbf.278 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Vigdis Flottorp

Keyword(s):

Day Care ◽

Meaning Making ◽

Communicative Competence ◽

Field Work ◽

Care Centre ◽

Mathematical Meaning ◽

Children's Play ◽

Physical Context ◽

Children’S Play ◽

Day Care Centre

Title: Mathematical meaning making in children’s play? Verbal and non-verbal forms of expressionsAbstract: I analyze an episode from field work in a multilingual day-care centre in Oslo. I examine verbal and non-verbal expressions. The children are 5 years old, and the mathematics is about classification. The children are creating structure and are seeking meaning. This is a key part of their play. My findings indicate that mathematical order and structure become conscious experiences to the children. I argue that we cannot know about the children’s mathematical and communicative competence without knowing the physical context, the play in the sandpit, and the friendship between the boys.

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A descriptive account of the development of an osteopathic service within a hospital HIV day care centre

International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ijosm.2008.12.001 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 97-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul D. Blanchard

Keyword(s):

Day Care ◽

Care Centre ◽

Descriptive Account ◽

Day Care Centre

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Intestinal Parasites in Children from a Day Care Centre in Matanzas City, Cuba

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0051394 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. e51394 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Roberto Cañete ◽

Mariuska Morales Díaz ◽

Roxana Avalos García ◽

Pedro Miguel Laúd Martinez ◽

Félix Manuel Ponce

Keyword(s):

Day Care ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Care Centre ◽

Day Care Centre

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P1426 Microbiological aspects of a Streptococcus pyogenes outbreak causing invasive disease in children attending a day care centre in Cantabria, Spain

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents ◽

10.1016/s0924-8579(07)71265-7 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. S397

Author(s):

J. Agüero ◽

M. Ortega ◽

M. Cano ◽

A. González de Aledo ◽

J. Calvo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Day Care ◽

Invasive Disease ◽

Care Centre ◽

Day Care Centre ◽

Microbiological Aspects

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Frailty Level Monitoring and Analysis after a Pilot Six-Week Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Using the FRED Exergame Including Biofeedback Supervision in an Elderly Day Care Centre

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16050729 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 729 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Iranzu Mugueta-Aguinaga ◽

Begonya Garcia-Zapirain

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Day Care ◽

Daily Living ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

State Of Health ◽

Care Centre ◽

Day Care Centre

Background: Frailty is a status of extreme vulnerability to endogenous and exogenous stressors exposing the individual to a higher risk of negative health-related outcomes. Exercise using interactive videos, known as exergames, is being increasingly used to increase physical activity by improving health and the physical function in elderly adults. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the reduction in the degree of frailty, the degree of independence in activities of daily living, the perception of one’s state of health, safety and cardiac healthiness by the exercise done using FRED over a 6-week period in elderly day care centre. Material and Methods: Frail volunteers >65 years of age, with a score of <10 points (SPPB), took part in the study. A study group and a control group of 20 participants respectively were obtained. Following randomisation, the study group (20) took part in 18 sessions in total over 6 months, and biofeedback was recorded in each session. Results: After 6 weeks, 100% of patients from the control group continued evidencing frailty risk, whereas only 5% of patients from the study group did so, with p < 0.001 statistical significance. In the case of the EQ-VAS, the control group worsened (−12.63 points) whereas the study group improved (12.05 points). The Barthel Index showed an improvement in the study group after 6 weeks, with statistically significant evidence and a value of p < 0.003906. Safety compliance with the physical activity exceeded 87% and even improved as the days went by. Discussion: Our results stand out from those obtained by other authors in that FRED is an ad hoc-designed exergame, significantly reduced the presence and severity of frailty in a sample of sedentary elders, thus potentially modifying their risk profile. It in turn improves the degree of independence in activities of daily living and the perception of one’s state of health, proving to be a safe and cardiac healthy exercise. Conclusions: The study undertaken confirms the fact that the FRED game proves to be a valid technological solution for reducing frailty risk. Based on the study conducted, the exergame may be considered an effective, safe and entertaining alternative.

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