Confidence in formal institutions and reliance on informal institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Efendic ◽  
Geoff Pugh ◽  
Nick Adnett
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Formal Institutions

Varieties of Clientelism in Comparative Democracies: Power, State Formation and Citizenship in the Philippines, Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Cleo Anne A. Calimbahin
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
Philippine Politics

Abstract Clientelism in comparative democracies have evolved through time within informal and formal institutions. Using the book by Brkovic, that follows the tradition of challenging the unidimensional view of clientelism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, this essay provides the Philippine case as contrast and comparison. The article examines how both countries’ experience can open new avenues for us to understand the durability of clientelism and its relationship with formal and informal institutions. Brokovic’s agency and personhood within clientelistic relationships accounts for the endurance of this practice in democratic societies that experienced transition. Clientelism persists in part due to the reliability of personal relations over the ability of public institutions to deliver. This review article will probe clientelism, as it manifests in the politics of the Philippines and its democratic institutions. Among the multiple types of clientelistic relationship in the Philippines, some emphasize the role of machine politics, corruption, and coercion. Brković’s book provides a new lens of analysis by looking at clientelism through personhood and agency as power. The contribution of the book on the discourse of clientelism can deepen the understanding of Philippine politics because it encourages an analysis that looks at the exercise of democracy through personhood, agency, and informal institutions. It invites us to view clientelism not just through corruption and violence. By combining the analysis that utilizes formal and informal institutions, personhood and structuralist, this essay explains why some countries that have transitioned into democracies remain ambiguous states and explain the persistence of clientelism.

scholarly journals Formal institutions and the development of entrepreneurial activity – the contingent role of corruption in emerging economies

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezou Harraf ◽  
Hasan Ghura ◽  
Allam Hamdan ◽  
Xiaoqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Business World ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
Control Of Corruption

PurposeThe paper aims to analyse the interplay between formal and informal institutions' and their impact on entrepreneurship rates in emerging economies.Design/methodology/approachThis study expands previous research in examining the moderating effect of control of corruption on the relationship between formal institutions and the development of the entrepreneurial activity. The study utilizes longitudinal analyses of a dataset from 41 emerging economies over 11 years (2006–2016).FindingsFindings provided robust support for the study's hypotheses. The results suggested lower levels of corruption positively moderate the effects of a country's number of procedures and education and training on the rates of entrepreneurial activity, while negatively moderating the effects of firm-level technology absorption on the rates of entrepreneurial activity.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has considered only one particular aspect of high-growth entrepreneurship, which is newly registered firms with limited liability. Although newly registered firms are recognized as one of the critical drivers of entrepreneurial activity. Future research should seek to examine other aspects of growth-oriented entrepreneurship such as activities involving a high level of innovation, corporate entrepreneurship or technology developments.Practical implicationsThis study advanced the existing theories in the field of entrepreneurship and institutional economics as it merged the two theories as a driving framework in the design of the study in the context of emerging economies.Social implicationsThe study tested a theoretical model by expanding the number of emerging economies in the study and found comparable findings that explain factors that may influence the likelihood of individuals entering entrepreneurship.Originality/valueThis article adds to the current literature as it highlights the importance of the interplay of formal and informal institutions in determining their impact on entrepreneurship rates in emerging economies. This is of particular importance to policy-makers, and the business world as the empirical results of this study show the benefits of control of corruption in boosting entrepreneurial rates in these economies, which strive for economic diversification in their developmental endeavours.

scholarly journals Social Trust, Safety and the Choice of Tourist Destination

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Jensen ◽  
Gert Tinggaard Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Destination Choice ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Police Authority

Does social trust influence safety and tourists’ destination choice? Our claim is that the roots of safety may take two forms: either formal institutions or informal institutions. Formal institutions concern how society can build up control mechanisms through the legal system, police authority and military. The problem is that high visibility of police and military in public spaces may give the tourist the impression of an unsafe and insecure destination. Instead, social trust through self-enforcements of social norms for behaviour may be important because the informal institutions guarantee the safety of tourists (and locals) without signalling a problem with safety. Building social trust may further enhance the feeling of safety and thereby attract even more tourists. Thus, our trust-safety theory may guide the active use of social trust by tourist officials and policy makers.

Institutions, Investment, and Growth in Developing Countries

2020 ◽  
pp. 220-237
Author(s):  
Giovanni Andrea Cornia
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

Many analyses of long-term development neglect the importance of formal and informal political and economic institutions in developing countries. This chapter discusses the nature of such institutions, their endogeneity and persistence over time as well as their impact on growth, inequality, and political stability. The chapter places particular attention on the institutions that build the market and facilitate economic exchange, and on the public organizations mandated with their enforcement. It then discusses their impact on growth and macroeconomic stability as well as the role played by informal institutions in developing countries where formal institutions are often perceived as a costly obstacle to economic development.

scholarly journals Explaining the Undeclared Economy in Bulgaria: an Institutional Asymmetry Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin C. Williams ◽  
Josip Franic ◽  
Rositsa Dzhekova
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
South East Europe ◽  
The Social ◽  
Formal And Informal Institutions ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Civic Morality

Abstract This paper proposes a way of explaining the undeclared economy that represents participation in undeclared work as a violation of the social contract between the state and its citizens, and as arising when the informal institutions comprising the norms, values and beliefs of citizens (civic morality) do not align with the codified laws and regulations of a society’s formal institutions (state morality). Drawing upon evidence from 1,018 face-to-face interviews conducted in Bulgaria during 2013, the finding is that the greater is the asymmetry between formal and informal institutions (i.e., citizens’ civic morality and state morality), the greater is the likelihood of participation in the undeclared economy, and vice versa. The outcome is that tackling the undeclared economy requires a focus upon reducing this lack of alignment of formal and informal institutions. How this can be achieved in Bulgaria in particular and South-East Europe and beyond more generally, is then discussed.

scholarly journals “INSTITUTIONAL CAPITAL” AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ‐ THE IMPORTANCE OF AN INSTITUTIONAL EQUILIBRIUM / INSTITUCINIS KAPITALAS KAIP DARNAUS VYSTYMOSI VEIKSNYS – INSTITUCINĖS PUSIAUSVYROS SVARBA

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost Platje
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Institutional Capital

The main aim of this article is to provide a basis for changing the focus in New Institutional Economics (NIE) from the economic effects of institutions to the importance of “institutional capital” for sustainable development. First, a theoretical model of NIE is presented in the context of sustainable development. Then, the concept of an institutional equilibrium (where informal institutions support and strengthen formal institutions) is discussed as an important determinant of “institutional capital” stimulating or hampering sustainable development. Santrauka Šio straipsnio tikslas – pateikti naujos institucinės ekonomikos (NIE) pokyčius, kai pastebimas perėjimas nuo ekonominių institucijų efektų prie institucinio kapitalo plėtotės darnaus vystymosi kontekste. Visų pirma autorius pateikia teorinį NIE modelį darnaus vystymosi aplinkoje. Vėliau nagrinėjama institucinės pusiausvyros koncepcija (atvejis, kada neformalios institucijos palaiko ir stiprina formaliąsias institucijas). Autorius konceptualiai apibrėžia stimuliacinį ir prevencinį šios koncepcijos poveikį sąveikaujant instituciniam kapitalui bei darniam vystymuisi.

scholarly journals Corrigendum

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2033-2033
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Heritage Foundation ◽  
The World ◽  
Inward Foreign Direct Investment

Holmes, R. M., Miller, T., Hitt, M. A., & Salmador, M. P. 2013. The interrelationships among informal institutions, formal institutions, and inward foreign direct investment. Journal of Management, 39: 531-566. Original DOI: 10.1177/0149206310393503 . In this article in the February 2013 issue of Journal of Management, Table 4 had errors. The corrected table appears below. [Table: see text] Also in this article, the authors cited Gwartney, Lawson, and Block (1996) when referencing the Index of Economic Freedom, whereas Gwartney et al. (1996) published the Economic Freedom of the World; the Heritage Foundation publishes the Index of Economic Freedom. The authors apologize for these errors, which were unintentional.

scholarly journals The Development of Rural Women’s Specialized Cooperatives in China: An Analysis from New Institutionalism Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Cui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
New Institutionalism ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Urbanization In China ◽  
Feminization Of Agriculture

<p><em>Since the rural declining and feminization of agriculture caused by rapid urbanization in China, the women’s specialized cooperatives </em><em>are an important organizational force to promote the rural agricultural economy and empower women. Taking 200 organizations in Chaoyang city of Liaoning province as the sample data, this article presents the current situation and existing problems of the rural women’s specialized cooperatives in China, and takes the new institutionalism as the basic theoretical framework. It analyzes the reasons of the problems from the level of formal institutions and informal institutions. In the formal institutions, the policy incentive system lacks rigid implementation measures, and there is no effective resultant force among the relevant organizations. In the informal institutions, rural women have the insufficient understanding of the prospects of the cooperatives, poor awareness of </em><em>“</em><em>brand</em><em>”</em><em> management and low</em><em> credibility of the cooperatives.</em><em> </em><em>Consequently, promoting the development of the cooperatives should also start with reforming these institutions. </em></p>

scholarly journals Los derechos de propiedad en la agricultura de regadío: Su situación frente al cambio institucional

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionisio Ortiz Miranda ◽  
Felisa Ceña Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Water Economy ◽  
Irrigation Districts ◽  
Water Property ◽  
New Institutions

The Spanish water economy is within a process of institutional change. The development of this change will be strongly conditioned by the water property rights structure, and this structure –in the context of irrigated agriculture- is defined by a complex net of informal institutions and farmers’ perceptions. The objective of the article is to characterise these property rights –through previous desegregation of its content- in the context of Irrigation Districts of the Guadalquivir basin, in order to analyse how the new institutions could be performed in this environment. Results, based in both the analysis of formal institutions and farmers’ opinion, show (i) the lack of adaptation of new institutions to farmers’ demands, and (ii) some characteristics of the property rights structure which could hinder the institutional change.

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