Development and application of a simple filter paper imprinting technique for the detection and enumeration of colonies of ureolytic micro-organisms

Cellulose and hemicellulose are the major structural polysaccharides of plant cell wall. The efficient utilization of these polysaccharides by ruminants is often restricted by the presence of lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose are hydrolysed by a group of enzymes called cellulases and hemicellulases. The present paper describes the cellulase and hemicellulase assay methods and their potential applications.Carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose, Avicel, cellobiose, xylobiose, p-nitrophenyl-p β-D-glucoside (pNPG), p-nitrophenyl-β-D-cellobioside (pNPC), p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xyloside (pNPX) and p-nitrophenyl- α-L-arabinofuranoside (pNPAf) were from Sigma. Birchwood xylan and filter paper are from Carl Roth GmbH and Co., Germany and Whatman International Ltd, UK, respectively. H3P04-Swollen cellulose and 4-O-methyl-α-D-glucuronyl-xylotriose (mGpA-Xyl3) were prepared as described (Wood, 1988; Khandkeet al., 1989a).

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Simple Filter Paper Method for Home Monitoring of Blood Glucose, Lactate, and 3-Hydroxybutyrate

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1177/000456328101800411 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 243-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jacqueline M Burrin ◽

R Worth ◽

Susan Law ◽

K G M M Alberti

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Boric Acid ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Home Monitoring ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Diabetic State ◽

Control Of Diabetes ◽

Paper Method ◽

Simple Filter

Previous methods for assessing the control of diabetes at home have concentrated on the measurement of glucose concentrations in urine and, more recently, blood. These levels reflect only one aspect of deranged metabolism in the disease. A technique is described whereby glucose, lactate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate can be measured in capillary blood samples dried on boric acid impregnated filter paper. The technique is sufficiently sensitive to measure 0·05 mmol/l glucose, 0·02 mmol/l lactate, and 0·004 mmol/l 3-hydroxybutyrate with precisions of 4·0%, 4·5%, and 8·0%, respectively. This method could prove useful in the broader metabolic assessment of the diabetic state.

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A filter-paper method for determining the moisture characteristics of soil

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9670162 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 7 (25) ◽

pp. 162 ◽

Cited By ~ 133

Author(s):

RG Fawcett ◽

N Collis-George

Keyword(s):

Filter Paper ◽

Filter Paper Method ◽

Wide Range ◽

Field Experimentation ◽

Moisture Potential ◽

Paper Method ◽

Membrane Methods ◽

Simple Filter

A simple filter paper method for estimating a wide range of moisture potentials has been tested for fifteen soils ranging in texture from sands to heavy clays. The method has given estimates of moisture potential from -0.1 to -900 bars with an accuracy that should be acceptable for many types of field experimentation. Relationships between 15-bar percentages determined by both the filter paper and pressure membrane methods, and biologically determined permanent wilting percentages for wheat, are discussed.

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Simple filter paper procedure for estimation of glucose uptake via group translocation by whole-cell suspensions of bacteria.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.41.3.837-839.1981 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 837-839 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G R Germaine ◽

L M Tellefson

Keyword(s):

Glucose Uptake ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Cell Suspensions ◽

Whole Cell ◽

Group Translocation ◽

Simple Filter

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Regional Newborn Screening for Hypothyroidism

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.63.2.340 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 340-342

Author(s):

Harvey L. Levy ◽

Marvin L. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

North America ◽

Newborn Screening ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Central Laboratory ◽

Blood Specimen ◽

The World ◽

Simple Filter

Newborn screening for phenylketonuria (PKU) is now so firmly established in North America and in many other areas of the world that it is a bit difficult for most pediatricians to recall when PKU was diagnosed on the basis of mental retardation. The key to PKU screening has been the Guthrie test, the genius of which is not the bacterial assay that is employed (though this assay was certainly a momentous development) but the simple filter paper blood specimen. This specimen, easily obtained by blotting a few drops of blood from the heel of a neonate, is even more easily mailed to a central laboratory for testing.

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A SIMPLE FILTER-PAPER DISC METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE SENSITIVITY OF MYCO. TUBERCULOSIS

Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1136/jcp.12.5.444 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 444-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. J. Oliver ◽

J. Stainton ◽

P. J. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Filter Paper ◽

Filter Paper Disc ◽

Paper Disc ◽

Simple Filter

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Residual Salivary Secretion Ability May Be a Useful Marker for Differential Diagnosis in Autoimmune Diseases

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2014/534261 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Etsuko Maeshima ◽

Hiroya Koshiba ◽

Kanako Furukawa ◽

Shinichiro Maeshima ◽

Wataru Sakamoto

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Autoimmune Diseases ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Threshold Level ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Salivary Secretion ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Stimulation Tests ◽

Simple Filter

Background.We have elucidated decreased resting salivary flow in approximately 60% of patients with autoimmune diseases not complicated by Sjögren syndrome (SjS). In this study, salivary stimulation tests using capsaicin were performed to examine residual salivary secretion ability in patients with autoimmune diseases.Materials and Methods.Fifty-eight patients were divided into three groups: patients with primary or secondary SjS (SjS group), patients with systemic sclerosis not complicated by SjS (SSc group), and patients with other autoimmune diseases (non-SjS/non-SSc group). Simple filter paper and filter paper containing capsaicin were used to evaluate salivary flow rates.Results.Resting salivary flow rates were significantly lower in the SjS and SSc groups than in the non-SjS/non-SSc group but did not differ significantly between the SjS and SSc groups. Capsaicin-stimulated salivary flow rates were significantly lower in the SjS and SSc groups than in the non-SjS/non-SSc group, but not significantly different between the SjS and SSc groups. In the non-SjS/non-SSc group, salivary flow rates increased after capsaicin stimulation to the threshold level for determination of salivary gland dysfunction, whereas no improvement was observed in the SjS and SSc groups.Conclusion.Residual salivary secretion ability may be a useful marker for differential diagnosis in autoimmune diseases.

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Review of the Radiation Damage Problem of Organic Specimens in Electron Microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100072824 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 476-477

Author(s):

L. Reimer

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Radiation Damage ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Dose Effect ◽

Primary Process ◽

Thin Specimen ◽

Secondary Damage ◽

Small Doses ◽

Micro Organisms ◽

Damage Processes

Most information about a specimen is obtained by elastic scattering of electrons, but one cannot avoid inelastic scattering and therefore radiation damage by ionisation as a primary process of damage. This damage is a dose effect, being proportional to the product of lectron current density j and the irradiation time t in Coul.cm−2 as long as there is a negligible heating of the specimen.Therefore one has to determine the dose needed to produce secondary damage processes, which can be measured quantitatively by a chemical or physical effect in the thin specimen. The survival of micro-organisms or the decrease of photoconductivity and cathodoluminescence are such effects needing very small doses (see table).

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