Current treatment modalities for exudative retinal hamartomas secondary to tuberous sclerosis: review of the literature

Abstract Introduction Scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) injuries are common but remain a therapeutic challenge. Current treatment modalities prioritize restoration of normal anatomy with reconstruction where appropriate. To date, no reconstructive technique has been described that discusses the potential benefit of the preservation of the scapholunate ligament remnant. Little is known about the ‘ligamentization’ of grafts within the wrist. However, a growing body of knee literature suggests that remnant sparing may confer some benefit. In the absence of wrist specific studies, this literature must guide areas for potential augmentation of current surgical practices. Method We conducted a systematic review of the literature using Pubmed, Embase and Medline. Keywords were ‘Ligament’ AND ‘Reconstruction’ AND ‘Remnant’. We identified 366 original studies for title and abstract review. A total of 5 studies were included in the final analysis. Results In 5 animal studies, remnant stump integration resulted in enhanced ligamentization of grafted tissue as measured by vascularity, biomechanics, and proprioception. Conclusions Our review demonstrates a trend towards enhanced early ligamentization in grafts that incorporate the remnant stump. Remnant preservation is not currently performed in SLIL reconstruction and may provide an avenue for enhanced therapies. As such, it is a promising area for further, wrist specific, research.

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The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Disease Treatment

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x15666200501235201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 623-638

Author(s):

Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei ◽

Fateme Karimi Dermani ◽

Sara Malih ◽

Nashmin Fayazi ◽

Mohsen Sheykhhasan

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Therapeutic Option ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Cellular Source

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including disorders of cardiac muscle and vascular, is the major cause of death globally. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to intervene in the disease's pathogenesis and treatment. Stem cell-based therapies, as a regeneration strategy, cast a new hope for CVD treatment. One of the most well-known stem cells is mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), classified as one of the adult stem cells and can be obtained from different tissues. These cells have superior properties, such as proliferation and highly specialized differentiation. On the other hand, they have the potential to modulate the immune system and anti-inflammatory activity. One of their most important features is the secreting the extracellular vesicles (EVs) like exosomes (EXOs) as an intercellular communication system mediating the different physiological and pathophysiological affairs. Methods: In this review study, the importance of MSC and its secretory exosomes for the treatment of heart disease has been together and specifically addressed and the use of these promising natural and accessible agents is predicted to replace the current treatment modalities even faster than we imagine. Results: MSC derived EXOs by providing a pro-regenerative condition allowing innate stem cells to repair damaged tissues successfully. As a result, MSCs are considered as the appropriate cellular source in regenerative medicine. In the plethora of experiments, MSCs and MSC-EXOs have been used for the treatment and regeneration of heart diseases and myocardial lesions. Conclusions: Administration of MSCs has been provided a replacement therapeutic option for heart regeneration, obtaining great attention among the basic researcher and the medical doctors.

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Infective Aortic Valve Endocarditis Causing Embolic Consecutive ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarctions

Case Reports in Cardiology ◽

10.1155/2019/2487616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Kanksha Peddi ◽

Alexander L. Hsu ◽

Tomas H. Ayala

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Infective Endocarditis ◽

Aortic Valve ◽

Index Case ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Myocardial Infarctions ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

The Past ◽

First Case ◽

St Elevation

ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a rare and potentially fatal complication of infective endocarditis. We report the ninth case of embolic native aortic valve infective endocarditis causing STEMI and the first case to describe consecutive embolisms leading to infarctions of separate coronary territories. Through examination of this case in the context of the previous eight similar documented cases in the past, we find that infective endocarditis of the aortic valve can and frequently affect more than a single myocardial territory and can occur consecutively. Further, current treatment modalities for embolic infective endocarditis causing acute myocardial infarction are limited and unproven. This index case illustrates the potential severity of complications and the challenges in developing standardized management for such patients.

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Role of Vitamin D in the Prevention of Pancreatic Cancer

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2010/721365 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Pubudu Bulathsinghala ◽

Kostas N. Syrigos ◽

Muhammad W. Saif

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Advanced Stages

Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy of poor prognosis which is mostly diagnosed at advanced stages. Current treatment modalities are very limited creating great interest for novel preventive and therapeutic options. Vitamin D seems to have a protective effect against pancreatic cancer by participating in numerous proapoptotic, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, prodifferentiating, and immunomodulating mechanisms. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] serum concentrations are currently the best indicator of vitamin D status. There are three main sources of vitamin D: sun exposure, diet,and dietary supplements. Sun exposure has been associated with lower incidence of pancreatic cancer in ecological studies. Increased vitamin D levels seem to protect against pancreatic cancer, but caution is needed as excessive dietary intake may have opposite results. Future studies will verify the role of vitamin D in the prevention and therapy of pancreatic cancer and will lead to guidelines on adequate sun exposure and vitamin D dietary intake.

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Current Treatment Modalities of JIA-associated Uveitis and its Complications: Literature Review

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation ◽

10.3109/09273948.2015.1115878 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 431-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Khawla Abu Samra ◽

Armin Maghsoudlou ◽

Ramak Roohipoor ◽

Manuel Valdes-Navarro ◽

Stacey Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Treatment Modalities

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Bilateral Renal Angiomyolipomatosis in Tuberous Sclerosis Presenting with Chronic Renal Failure: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Nephron ◽

10.1159/000188267 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 256-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

O.P. Kalra ◽

P.P. Verma ◽

S. Kochhar ◽

V. Jha ◽

V. Sakhuja

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Case Report ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Tuberous Sclerosis ◽

Review Of The Literature

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TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS: PRESENTATION OF A CASE AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

10.36106/gjra/4910349 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 95-96

Author(s):

Fabricio Andrés Lasso Andrade ◽

Jorge Alejandro Cadena Arteaga ◽

Ángela Maria Fajardo Arteaga ◽

Viviana Lizeth Echeverry Morillo ◽

David Alfredo Acevedo Vargas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Tuberous Sclerosis ◽

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex ◽

Autosomal Dominant ◽

Genetic Disorder ◽

Causal Link ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Dominant Inheritance ◽

Variable Expression

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) also known as Bournneville disease. TSC is a multisystemic genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance, of variable expression, which is mainly characterized by the presence of benign tumors or hamartomas in the nervous system and skin, but which may also be present in the heart, kidney, lung and other organs. The most frequent symptom is epilepsy, affecting 80-90% of patients with TSC which manifests itself in childhood between 1 to 3 years of age. We present a case of sporadic onset tuberous sclerosis with epilepsy that had a causal link with TSC after admission to the emergency room in a convulsive status.

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