Nutritional Deficiencies, Diseases and Poor Social Conditions During Pregnancy as the Cause of Neonatal Mortality and Illness During the First Year of Life

This study aimed to describe fetal, neonatal, and post-neonatal mortality and associated factors in participants of the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort. The child mortality sub-study followed up all deaths in the first year of life. Data were collected on intrauterine fetal deaths (weight ≥ 500g and/or gestational age ≥ 20 weeks), neonatal deaths (< 28 days of life), and post-neonatal deaths (from 28 days to the end of the first year of life). Descriptive analyses using the Pearson chi-square test and a multinomial logistic regression to estimate the risk of fetal, neonatal, and post-neonatal deaths compared to live infants in the cohort (reference group) were performed. Data from 4,329 eligible births were collected, of which 54 died during the fetal period. Of the 4,275 eligible live births, 59 died in the first year of life. An association between fetal, neonatal, and post-neonatal deaths (OR = 15.60, 7.63, and 5.51 respectively) was found, as well as less than six prenatal consultations. Compared to live infants, fetal deaths were more likely to occur in non-white mothers, and neonatal deaths were 14.09 times more likely to occur in a preterm gestational age (< 37 weeks). Compared to live infants, infants that were born in a C-section delivery had 3.71 increased odds of post-neonatal death. Additionally, neonatal deaths were 102.37 times more likely to have a low Apgar score on the fifth minute after birth. These findings show the need for early interventions during pregnancy, ensuring access to adequate prenatal care.

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Assessing Neo-Natal Mortality Trends in Pakistan: An Insight Using Equity Lens

10.21203/rs.3.rs-76699/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zainab Dawood ◽

Naeem Majeed

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Wealth Quintile ◽

Risk Groups ◽

First Year ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Graph Type ◽

Natal Mortality ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Background: Almost 2.5 million children died in the first year of life in the year 2017. These account for almost half of the total deaths of children under the age of five years. Overall, child mortality has declined over the past two decades. Comparatively, the pace of decline in neonatal mortality has remained much slow. Significant inequalities in health across a number of dimensions – including wealth, ethnicity, and geography – continue to exist both between and within countries, and these contribute to neonatal mortality. This study aims to quantify the magnitude of inequalities in neonatal mortality trends by wealth quintile and place of residence with province wise segregation. Methods: The study was done using raw data from the last three Pakistan Demographic & Health Surveys (20017-18, 2012-13 and 2006-7). The concentration curves were drawn in Microsoft Excel 365 using scatter plot as graph type while the frequencies were calculated using SPSS 24. Results: The situation of inequity across provinces and in rural vs urban areas has slightly declined, however, gross inequities continue to exist.Conclusions: Presentation of outcomes data, such as neonatal mortality in various wealth quintiles is an effective way to highlight the inequities amongst income groups as it highlights the vulnerable and at-risk groups. In other countries, rural-urban distribution, or ethnic groups may also reflect similar differences and help in identifying high-risk groups.

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Indagine sulla mortalità dei gemelli nel primo anno di vita: Ricerca anagrafica su 848 gemelli nati a Catania

Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae ◽

10.1017/s1120962300016280 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 298-307

Author(s):

Antonino Fiumara

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Critical Period ◽

Neonatal Period ◽

First Year ◽

Still Birth ◽

Low Degree ◽

Birth Records ◽

First Year Of Life

SUMMARYA survey has been made of the birth records of 846 twins (415 pairs and 6 sets of triplets) born in Catania between January 1st, 1959 and May 31st, 1962, with the purpose of establishing the degree of mortality in twins in the first year of life. The results indicate a low degree of still-birth (5%). Identifying the neonatal period with the first week of life, the neonatal mortality is of 8.9%. This percentage undergoes a little reduction (1.9%) when we consider as neonatal period just the first day of life, the twin mortality being lower in the subsequent days of the first week. Except that of the 1st day, the higher frequency of mortality (19%) occurs between the 12th and the 16th day, which is considered a critical period in the first month of life in twins. In the remaining 11 months of the year the mortality degre is low (51 deaths in 680 twins survived to the first month). At the end of the year in 63.1% of the considered pairs both twins were still alive. In six of the 43 pairs with both components dead, both twins died between the 13th and the 25th day, with an interval of 24 hours. The spontaneous death of twin pairs, occurring sometimes simultaneously or with a brief interval in the first month of life, may give rise to judiciary mistakes.

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Statement on Infant Mortality

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.78.6.1155 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 78 (6) ◽

pp. 1155-1160

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Child Health ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

First Year ◽

Postneonatal Mortality ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Live Births ◽

First Year Of Life

Why Is Infant Mortality Important? Rates of infant mortality are sensitive indicators of a broad range of factors affecting children's health. As such, infant mortality is the "tip of the iceberg" of child health problems, and changes in infant mortality are a signal of factors affecting child health more broadly. In addition to its role as a general gauge of child health, infant mortality itself represents an important health problem. It is well to remember that infant death rates are the highest of any age group less than 65 years. The message conveyed by infant mortality rates if better understood in terms of the causes of mortality at different times during the first year of life. Neonatal Mortality Neonatal mortality rate is defined as the number of infants dying between 0 and 27 days of life per 1,000 live births. These deaths in the first month of life reflect primarily factors associated with health of the mother before and during pregnancy and the special problems of the newborn. Deaths in this age range result chiefly from inadequate intruterine growth (prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation) and congenital anomalies. As a result, neonatal mortality rates provide an indicator of the factors affecting pregnancy, delivery, and the neonate and the adequacy of services in the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods. Postneonatal Mortality Postneonatal mortality rate is defined as the number of infants dying between 28 days and 11 months of life per 1,000 live births, ie, deaths occurring during the remainder of the first year of life.

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Neonatal mortality and outcome at the end of the first year of life in early onset urea cycle disorders—review and meta-analysis of observational studies published over more than 35 years

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease ◽

10.1007/s10545-015-9901-1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 219-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Peter Burgard ◽

Stefan Kölker ◽

Gisela Haege ◽

Martin Lindner ◽

Georg F. Hoffmann

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Early Onset ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Urea Cycle ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

First Year ◽

Urea Cycle Disorders ◽

Cycle Disorders ◽

First Year Of Life

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Assessing Neo-natal mortality trends in Pakistan: An insight using Equity Lens

10.21203/rs.3.rs-60104/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zainab Dawood ◽

Naeem Majeed

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Wealth Quintile ◽

Risk Groups ◽

First Year ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Graph Type ◽

Natal Mortality ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract BackgroundAlmost 2.5 million children died in the first year of life in the year 2017. These account for almost half of the total deaths of children under the age of five years. Overall, child mortality has declined over the past two decades. Comparatively, the pace of decline in neonatal mortality has remained much slow. Significant inequalities in health across a number of dimensions – including wealth, ethnicity, and geography – continue to exist both between and within countries, and these contribute to neonatal mortality. This study aims to quantify the magnitude of inequalities in neonatal mortality trends by wealth quintile and place of residence with province wise segregation. MethodsThe study was done using raw data from the last three Pakistan Demographic & Health Surveys (20017-18, 2012-13 and 2006-7). The concentration curves were drawn in Microsoft Excel 365 using scatter plot as graph type while the frequencies were calculated using SPSS 24. ResultsThe situation of inequity across provinces and in rural vs urban areas has slightly declined, however, gross inequities continue to exist.ConclusionsPresentation of outcomes data, such as neonatal mortality in various wealth quintiles is an effective way to highlight the inequities amongst income groups as it highlights the vulnerable and at-risk groups. In other countries, rural-urban distribution, or ethnic groups may also reflect similar differences and help in identifying high-risk groups.

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Growth Impairment and Nutritional Deficiencies in a Cow's Milk-Allergic Infant Fed by Unmodified Donkey's Milk

Case Reports in Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2011/103825 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Enza D'Auria ◽

Marzia Mandelli ◽

Patrizia Ballista ◽

Francesco Di Dio ◽

Marcello Giovannini

Keyword(s):

Daily Intake ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

First Year ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Growth Impairment ◽

First Year Of Life

We report a case of growth impairment and nutritional deficiencies in a five-month infant fed by unmodified donkey's milk. We discuss the energy and macronutrient daily intake from donkey's milk and the nutritional consequences that can occur if this kind of milk is used unmodified in the first year of life.

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Assessing neo-natal mortality trends in Pakistan: an insight using equity lens

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00767-1 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zainab Dawood ◽

Naeem Majeed

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Wealth Quintile ◽

Risk Groups ◽

First Year ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Graph Type ◽

Natal Mortality ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Background Almost 2.5 million neonates died in the first year of life in the year 2017. These account for almost half of the total deaths of children under the age of 5 years. Overall, child mortality has declined over the past two decades. Comparatively, the pace of decline in neonatal mortality has remained much slow. Significant inequalities in health across several dimensions – including wealth, ethnicity, and geography – continue to exist both between and within countries, and these contribute to neonatal mortality. This study aims to quantify the magnitude of inequalities in neonatal mortality trends by wealth quintile and place of residence with province wise segregation. Methods The study was done using raw data from the last three Pakistan Demographic & Health Surveys (2017–18, 2012–13 and 2006–07). The concentration curves were drawn in Microsoft Excel 365 using scatter plot as graph type while the frequencies were calculated using SPSS 24. Results The situation of inequity across provinces and in rural vs urban areas has slightly declined, however, gross inequities continue to exist. Conclusions Presentation of outcomes data, such as neonatal mortality in various wealth quintiles is an effective way to highlight the inequities amongst income groups as it highlights the vulnerable and at-risk groups. In other countries, rural-urban distribution, or ethnic groups may also reflect similar differences and help in identifying high-risk groups.

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The Development of Swallowing Respiratory Coordination

Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) ◽

10.1044/sasd18.1.19 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Maggie-Lee Huckabee

Keyword(s):

Cortical Activation ◽

First Year ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Nasal Airflow ◽

Single Session ◽

Primary Finding ◽

Patterns Of Behavior ◽

Cortical Modulation ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

Swallowing Apnea

Abstract Research exists that evaluates the mechanics of swallowing respiratory coordination in healthy children and adults as well and individuals with swallowing impairment. The research program summarized in this article represents a systematic examination of swallowing respiratory coordination across the lifespan as a means of behaviorally investigating mechanisms of cortical modulation. Using time-locked recordings of submental surface electromyography, nasal airflow, and thyroid acoustics, three conditions of swallowing were evaluated in 20 adults in a single session and 10 infants in 10 sessions across the first year of life. The three swallowing conditions were selected to represent a continuum of volitional through nonvolitional swallowing control on the basis of a decreasing level of cortical activation. Our primary finding is that, across the lifespan, brainstem control strongly dictates the duration of swallowing apnea and is heavily involved in organizing the integration of swallowing and respiration, even in very early infancy. However, there is evidence that cortical modulation increases across the first 12 months of life to approximate more adult-like patterns of behavior. This modulation influences primarily conditions of volitional swallowing; sleep and naïve swallows appear to not be easily adapted by cortical regulation. Thus, it is attention, not arousal that engages cortical mechanisms.

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