scholarly journals MODERN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WHOOPING COUGH IN MOSCOW

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Mikheeva ◽  
N. N. Fomkina ◽  
M. A. Mikheeva
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Timely Immunization ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Year Of Life

The goal of the study was the identification of epidemiological features of whooping cough and assessment of economic losses due to this disease in Moscow.Materials and methods. The retrospective descriptive epidemiological research is conducted. The statistical data on incidence of whooping cough in the Russian Federation and in Moscow from 2009 to June, 2018, the reports on registration of whooping cough cases as well as the results of laboratory testing on whooping cough in Moscow in 2017 have been studied. The general losses from whooping cough in Moscow in 2017 have been calculated.Results. The whooping cough incidence in Moscow considerably influences a situation on this infection in the country in general as more than 20% of all cases of whooping cough in Russia are registered in the capital, where the incidence exceed by 1.5–2.5 times the average country level. The incidence of whooping cough among children of 7–14 years and the share of this group of population in the structure of the whooping cough cases have increased in Moscow, and outbreaks of pertussis at schools are observed. In Moscow the general losses due to whooping cough in children of 7–14 years in 2017 were estimated as 19.72 million rubles. High performance of vaccinal prevention of whooping cough is confirmed: in Moscow in 2017 the coefficient of epidemiological efficiency of vaccination among children of 6-12 months was 97.7%, among children at the age of 1 year – 82.6%, 2 years -79.9%, 3 years – 74.9%. Weighted average of direct loss from a case of whooping cough was estimated as 31182.2 rubles. The general losses due to whooping cough in Moscow in 2017 were 67.88 million rubles.Conclusion. It is necessary to take additional measures for vaccinal prevention of whooping cough at children of school age and to support the high level of coverage by timely immunization of children of the first year of life. For assessment of economic feasibility of vaccinal prevention of whooping cough it is necessary to consider the size of economic losses due to this disease.

scholarly journals The State of Specific Immunity to Measles and Rubella Virus in Newborns and their mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. T. Tikhonova ◽  
O. V. Tsvirkun ◽  
A. G. Gerasimova ◽  
A. A. Basov ◽  
R. A. Frolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
The State ◽  
First Year ◽  
Specific Immunity ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
And Control

Objective: evaluate the passive specific immunity to measles and rubella in newborns and their mothers. Materials and metods: a study was made by the ELISA of the state of specific immunity to measles and rubella in 226 puerperas aged 15 to 44 without taking into account the vaccination status and their newborns in maternity hospitals in Moscow and Moscow Region. Results - the seropositive of measles proportion - 73.9 ± 2.9%, the rubella - 84.5 ± 2.4%. Comparison of the results of the study of immunity to rubella in puerperas and newborns with the results of previous years did not reveal any significant differences. The results of the examination of 226 newborns for the presence of antibodies to the rubella virus showed that the proportion of seropositive measles to the virus turned out to be 177 (78.3 ± 2.7%) children, rubella - 83.6 ± 2.4%, comparable to results of a survey of their mothers. Conclusion: high level of protection of the puerperas and their newborns from these infections. However, the organization and carrying out of vaccinations requires increased attention and control, since only high and timely coverage with vaccinations will prevent the increase in the incidence of infection when meeting with the pathogen of infection, including children of the first year of life.

scholarly journals Neonatal Immunity toBordetella pertussisInfection and Current Prevention Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Argondizo-Correia ◽  
Ana Kelly Sousa Rodrigues ◽  
Cyro Alves de Brito
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
First Year ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Bacterial Agent ◽  
Neonatal Immunity ◽  
First Year Of Life

Bordetella pertussisis the bacterial agent of whooping cough, an infectious disease that is reemerging despite high vaccine coverage. Newborn children are the most affected, not only because they are too young to be vaccinated but also due to qualitative and quantitative differences in their immune system, which makes them more susceptible to infection and severe manifestations, leading to a higher mortality rate comparing to other groups. Until recently, prevention consisted of vaccinating children in the first year of life and the herd vaccination of people directly in touch with them, but the increase in cases demands more effective strategies that can overcome the developing immune response in early life and induce protection while children are most vulnerable.

scholarly journals PERTUSSIS IN CHILDREN – CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SAMARA REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Gasilina ◽  
S. M. Kitajchik ◽  
I. A. Gorelova ◽  
N. P. Kabanova ◽  
O. A. Fedoseeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
First Year ◽  
Bacteriological Method ◽  
Express Methods ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Objective:to study the features of the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of whooping cough in children in the Samara region.Materials and methods: 389 cases of pertussis in the Samara region for 2015–2016 were analyzed.Results: it is shown that in spite of 95–98% vaccination coverage, in recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of whooping cough. Seasonality of morbidity remains. Among the children observed, the youngest children were not vaccinated against pertussis. The clinical picture of the disease remains typical with the classic course of catarrhal and spasmodic periods. Moderately severe forms of the disease predominate. Complications were noted mainly in unvaccinated children of the first year of life. The most frequent complications were pneumonia and apnea. There is a hypodiagnosis of pertussis in outpatient conditions. Infection often occurs under the mask of ARVI, while the sensitivity of the bacteriological method of diagnosis is zero. Of the methods for confirming the diagnosis, the most reliable is ELISA and PCR.Conclusion: these epidemiological and clinical features of pertussis current testify to the need to further improve methods of early diagnosis, especially express methods, etiopathagenetic treatment, specific prevention, antiepidemic measures in the foci of infection.

scholarly journals Intellectual characteristics of adolescents with chronic gastroduodenitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita M Gurova ◽  
Yury P Uspenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Intellectual Status ◽  
Unbalanced Diet ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Adaptation Processes ◽  
Intellectual Characteristics

Intellect is one of the indicators of children’s health, characterizing the optimality of the age development and the success of adaptation processes. In the case-control study, were included 60 adolescents with chronic gastroduodenitis (CGD) in the period of remission (main group), average age – 13 years old. The comparison group consisted of 22 children with the I group of health. A comparative evaluation of the features of the course of the antenatal period, childbirth, and features of early development of the child was carried out. Were estimated the indicators of stress level, social adaptation (M. Gavlinova’s questionnaire), intellectual functions (D. Veksler’s test). It was shown that the total index reflecting the level of stress in children of the main group was 173.03 ± 82.69 points compared to the index of children of the comparison group – 96.34 ± 38.5 points (p < 0.01). In the main group, compared with the control, children with low level of adaptability were more likely to meet, less often children with an average level of adaptation (34.8% / 21, CI 27.4-41.4% vs 55.3% / 12, CI 42, 32-63,28, р < 0,05) and there were no children with a high level of adaptation. In children with CGD, Veksler’s WISC method (for children 5-16 years of age) showed a slight decrease level of verbal, non-verbal and total IQ in comparison with healthy peers. Among the risk factors that affect intellectual status, the most important were the burdened perinatal history, the nature of feeding in the first year of life and the unbalanced diet in subsequent periods of life.

scholarly journals Carriage of multiple ribotypes of non-encapsulatedHaemophilus influenzaein Aboriginal infants with otitis media

1996 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Smith-Vaughan ◽  
A. J. Leach ◽  
T. M. Shelby-James ◽  
K. Kemp ◽  
D. J. Kemp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
First Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Very High

SUMMARYRibotyping with the restriction enzymeXbaI was used to study the dynamics of carriage of non-encapsulatedHaemophilus influenzae(NCHi) in Aboriginal infants at risk of otitis media. Carriage rates of NCHi in the infants in the community were very high; the median age for detection was 50 days and colonization was virtually 100% by 120 days of age and persisted at a high level throughout the first year of life [1]. Eighteen different ribotypes of NCHi were identified from 34 positive swabs taken from 3 infants over a period of 9 months. The same ribotypes were recovered for up to 3 months from consecutive swabs of individual infants, and 12 of 27 swabs (44·4%) yielded two ribotypes from four colonies typed. Statistical analysis suggested that most swabs would have been positive for two ribotypes if enough colonies had been typed although the second most frequent ribotype was detected on average in only 13% of strains. Early colonization and carriage of multiple ribotypes of NCHi may help to explain the chronicity of carriage and thus the persistence of otitis media in Aboriginal infants.

scholarly journals Bordetella pertussis isolation in general practice: 1977–79 whooping cough epidemic in West Glamorgan

1983 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Kwantes ◽  
D. H. M. Joynson ◽  
W. O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
First Year ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Minimum Period ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Culture Positive

SUMMARYSome of the factors influencing the isolation rate of Bordetella pertussis during a whooping cough epidemic in West Glamorgan, Wales, are reported. The organism was isolated from 39% of patients with clinical whooping cough, pernasal swabbing being much more successful than cough plates. Isolation rates were increased in the non-immunized, particularly in the first year of life. Erythromycin and co-trimoxazole significantly reduced the isolation rate of B. pertussis but this did not occur with penicillin. In this study 20 % of patients were culture positive 6 weeks after the onset of their infection. It is suggested that the Department of Health and Social Security recommendation of a minimum period of three weeks exclusion of children from school is inadequate. During the epidemic, the proportion of strains of B. pertussis containing antigen 2 more than doubled.

scholarly journals Apparent life-threatening events in neonates and infants of the first year of life

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 302-308
Author(s):  
Natalya N. Korableva
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
First Year ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Neonates And Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life

There are presented data on the apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) that may develop as a sudden, frightening episode with the cessation of breathing (apnea), skin discoloration (cyanosis, pallor, redness), violation of muscle tone: lowering (more often) or rigidity, with the presence of cough or breathlessness in the first year infant. ALTE incidence ranges from 0.46 to 10 per 1000 live births. Common causes of ALTE are established to be gastroesophageal reflux disease, viral infections of the lower respiratory tract, convulsions, whooping cough, sepsis and/or meningitis, arrhythmias or congenital malformations of the heart and respiratory hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, cases of child abuse. There are described history characteristics and features of the examination of ALTE survivors. Most of the ALTE babies are indicated to require hospitalization for cardiorespiratory monitoring within 24 hours after the event. A child older than 30 days suffered from first ALTE clearly associated with feeding, can be observed and examined on an outpatient basis. There is notes particular importance of the new medical and organizational technologies for the improvement of newborn health care, which will significantly promote the prevention of these conditions.

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