Protein intake, branched-chain amino acids, insulin release and growth in 6- to 12-month-old breast- and formula-fed infants

2007 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 52a-52
Author(s):  
P Karlsland Åkeson ◽  
N Räihä ◽  
I Axelsson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals Altered Dairy Protein Intake Does Not Alter Circulatory Branched Chain Amino Acids in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utpal Prodhan ◽  
Amber Milan ◽  
Eric Thorstensen ◽  
Matthew Barnett ◽  
Ralph Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Dairy Protein ◽  
The Impact

Dairy, as a major component of a high protein diet, is a critical dietary source of branched chain amino acids (BCAA), which are biomarkers of health and diseases. While BCAA are known to be key stimulators of protein synthesis, elevated circulatory BCAA is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study examined the impact of altered dairy intake on plasma BCAA and their potential relationship to insulin sensitivity. Healthy adults (n = 102) were randomized to receive dietary advice to reduce, maintain, or increase habitual dairy intake for 1 month. Food intake was recorded with food frequency questionnaires. Self-reported protein intake from dairy was reported to be reduced (−14.6 ± 3.0 g/day), maintained (−4.0 ± 2.0 g/day) or increased (+13.8 ± 4.1 g/day) according to group allocation. No significant alterations in circulating free amino acids (AA), including BCAA, were measured. Insulin sensitivity, as assessed by homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), was also unaltered. A significant change in dairy protein intake showed no significant effect on fasting circulatory BCAA and insulin sensitivity in healthy populations.

scholarly journals Dose-dependent increases in p70S6K phosphorylation and intramuscular branched-chain amino acids in older men following resistance exercise and protein intake

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. e12112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall F. D'Souza ◽  
James F. Markworth ◽  
Vandre C. Figueiredo ◽  
Paul A. Della Gatta ◽  
Aaron C. Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Dose Dependent

scholarly journals Reduced plasma concentration of branched-chain amino acids in sarcopenic older subjects: a cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Ottestad ◽  
Stine M. Ulven ◽  
Linn K. L. Øyri ◽  
Kristin S. Sandvei ◽  
Gyrd O. Gjevestad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Branched Chain

AbstractBranched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids that are necessary for muscle mass maintenance. Little is known about the plasma concentrations of BCAA and the protein intake in relation to sarcopenia. We aimed to compare the non-fasting plasma concentrations of the BCAA and the dietary protein intake between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic older adults. Norwegian older home-dwelling adults (≥70 years) were invited to a cross-sectional study with no other exclusion criteria than age. Sarcopenic subjects were defined by the diagnostic criteria by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Non-fasting plasma concentrations of eight amino acids were quantified using NMR spectroscopy. Protein intake was assessed using 2×24-h dietary recalls. In this study, ninety out of 417 subjects (22 %) were sarcopenic, and more women (32 %) than men (11 %) were sarcopenic (P<0·0001). Sex-adjusted non-fasting plasma concentrations of leucine and isoleucine, and the absolute intake of protein (g/d), were significantly lower among the sarcopenic subjects, when compared with non-sarcopenic subjects (P=0·003, P=0·026 and P=0·003, respectively). A similar protein intake was observed in the two groups when adjusted for body weight (BW) and sex (1·1 g protein/kg BW per d; P=0·50). We show that sarcopenia is associated with reduced non-fasting plasma concentration of the BCAA leucine and isoleucine, and lower absolute intake of protein. More studies are needed to clarify the clinical relevance of these findings, related to maintenance of muscle mass and prevention of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Of Older Mice and Men: Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Body Composition

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosilene V. Ribeiro ◽  
Samantha M. Solon-Biet ◽  
Tamara Pulpitel ◽  
Alistair M. Senior ◽  
Victoria C. Cogger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Relationship

Protein and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake are associated with changes in circulating BCAAs and influence metabolic health in humans and rodents. However, the relationship between BCAAs and body composition in both species is unclear, with many studies questioning the translatability of preclinical findings to humans. Here, we assessed and directly compared the relationship between circulating BCAAs, body composition, and intake in older mice and men. Body weight and body fat were positively associated with circulating BCAA levels in both mouse and human, which remained significant after adjustments for age, physical activity, number of morbidities, smoking status, and source of income in the human cohort. Macronutrient intakes were similarly associated with circulating BCAA levels; however, the relationship between protein intake and BCAAs were more pronounced in the mice. These findings indicate that the relationship between circulating BCAAs, body composition, and intakes are comparable in both species, suggesting that the mouse is an effective model for examining the effects of BCAAs on body composition in older humans.

Daily delivery of dietary nitrogen to the periphery is stable in rats adapted to increased protein intake

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (4) ◽  
pp. E826-E836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Morens ◽  
Claire Gaudichon ◽  
Gilles Fromentin ◽  
Agnès Marsset-Baglieri ◽  
Ahmed Bensaïd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Pool ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Branched Chain

Dietary nitrogen was traced in rats adapted to a 50% protein diet and given a meal containing 1.50 g 15N-labeled protein (HP-50 group). This group was compared with rats usually consuming a 14% protein diet and fed a meal containing either 0.42 g (AP-14 group) or 1.50 g (AP-50 group) of 15N-labeled protein. In the HP group, the muscle nonprotein nitrogen pool was doubled when compared with the AP group. The main adaptation was the enhancement of dietary nitrogen transferred to urea (2.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1.3 ± 0.1 mmol N/100 g body wt in the HP-50 and AP-50 groups, respectively). All amino acids reaching the periphery except arginine and the branched-chain amino acids were depressed. Consequently, dietary nitrogen incorporation into muscle protein was paradoxically reduced in the HP-50 group, whereas more dietary nitrogen was accumulated in the free nitrogen pool. These results underline the important role played by splanchnic catabolism in adaptation to a high-protein diet, in contrast to muscle tissue. Digestive kinetics and splanchnic anabolism participate to a lesser extent in the regulation processes.

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