The Norm of Reciprocity: Scale Development and Validation in the Chinese Context

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Wu ◽  
Peter W. Hom ◽  
Lois E. Tetrick ◽  
Lynn M. Shore ◽  
Liangding Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Broad Array ◽  
Psychometric Quality ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Norm Of Reciprocity

To add greater theoretical precision to a fundamental construct in social exchange theory - namely, Gouldner's ‘norm of reciprocity’, this study developed a measure of Sahlins' generalized, balanced, and negative reciprocity types and validated its psychometric quality in China. For a comprehensive construct validation of the new scale, we carried out three studies. After generating a pool of items, we used a panel of experts to classify items according to conceptual definitions of the three reciprocity types. Using factor analysis, the first study revealed a factor structure consistent with Sahlins' reciprocity typology. In the second study, confirmatory factor analysis replicated this factor structure as well as demonstrated that the reciprocity factors are distinct from each other and other social-exchange constructs. In line with extant theories, the third study corroborated a nomological network relating reciprocity types to external constructs. Given this broad array of evidence for its construct validity, future researchers can employ this validated scale to investigate various forms of social exchange in Chinese work settings.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Schadenfreude Scale for Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol volume 05 (issue 2) ◽  
pp. 267-283
Author(s):  
Prof. Dr. Rubina Hanif ◽  
Naila Batool
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Development And Validation

The present study is based on the development of scale to measure schadenfreude in adolescents. The objectives of the study are twofold i.e., the development of an indigenous scale to measure schadenfreude among adolescents and to establish the validity of this scale. To achieve these goals, study comprised of two phases. Item pool was generated on the basis of literature as well as content analysis of the information obtained through focus groups and it was finalized through committee approach. Factor structure of the scale was determined by conducting Exploratory Factor Analysis (N=330). In Phase-II, psychometric properties of the scale were established by conducting Confirmatory Factor Analysis on an independent sample (N=320). Descriptive statistics, alpha reliabilities and item total correlations were computed. The final scale comprised of 28 statements with six domains included Rivalry, Negative Emotions, Unfairness, Worthlessness, Comparison Bias, and Helplessness. It is a measure schadenfreude among adolescents.

Assessing Extraversion and Emotional Stability in Adolescents: Development and Validation of a Questionnaire

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreu Vigil-Colet ◽  
Urbano Lorenzo-Seva ◽  
Fabia Morales-Vives ◽  
Eliseo Chico
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation

A reduced version of the Five-factor Personality Inventory, which only considers two of the five original dimensions, was constructed to assess Extraversion and Emotional Stability especially for a sample of 581 adolescents. This used Items 6, 9, 11, 19, 21, 39, 41, 46, 54, 59, 61, 66, 84, 89, 91, and 99. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor structure of the questionnaire is acceptable, and both scales are reliable and correlated with similar measures as The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire–Revised.

Development and Validation of a Short Form of the Child–Adolescent Perfectionism Scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Carmen Bento ◽  
Ana Telma Pereira ◽  
Julieta Azevedo ◽  
Jorge Saraiva ◽  
Gordon L. Flett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Adequate Internal Consistency

The objective of the present study was to develop and assess the validity of a short form of the Child–Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS). Two Portuguese samples composed of 756 adolescents were used to cross-validate the factorial structure of a nine-item Child–Adolescent Perfectionism Scale—Short Form (CAPS–SF). The CAPS–SF consists of a four-item self-oriented perfectionism subscale and a five-item socially prescribed perfectionism subscale. Both subscales demonstrated adequate internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the CAPS–SF supported the same two-factor structure and represented a very good fit to the data for both groups. Other analyses found that the brief measure of socially prescribed perfectionism was associated with measures of distress and forms of self-criticism. The CAPS–SF appears to represent a reliable and valid alternative to the original CAPS. Overall, the CAPS-SF is considerably briefer than the original CAPS and it offers an economical and valid alternative when measuring perfectionism in children and adolescents.

Development and Validation of the Diet-Related Beliefs of Exercisers Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Simone Dohle ◽  
Mitch J. Duncan ◽  
Tamara Bucher
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

Many exercise-based weight-loss interventions result in considerably less weight loss than predicted. One possible explanation could be that people have certain beliefs about the interplay of exercise and food that also influence their eating behavior, such as the belief that food is a reward for exercise. The current research outlines a systematic multiphase process to develop a psychometrically sound scale to assess these beliefs. In Study 1, regular exercisers (N = 520) completed an exploratory questionnaire on their beliefs related to diet and exercise. In Study 2 (N = 380), the factor structure of the newly developed scale was corroborated by confirmatory factor analysis. In addition, a test–retest (N = 166) was used to confirm reliability and stability. In sum, the Diet-Related Beliefs of Exercisers Scale with its four subscales (“Refrain from Eating,” “Food as Reward,” “Healthy Eating,” and “Nutritional Replenishment”) represents a valid and reliable measure of exercisers’ diet-related beliefs.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Brief Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai-fu Fung ◽  
Esther Oi-wah Chow ◽  
Chau-kiu Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Explorative Factor Analysis

Abstract Background This longitudinal study aimed to develop a nine-item Brief Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (BSAWS) derived from the original 40-item Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS). Methods The psychometric properties of the shortened scale were evaluated based on a sample of 157 older adults. The factor structure and dimensionality of the original SAWS were examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Subsequent explorative factor analysis of the BSAWS supported the construct validity of the shortened scale. Results The internal consistency, criterion validity and construct validity of the shortened scale were also evaluated and the results indicated that the BSAWS possesses good psychometric properties and is comparable with the full version. Conclusions This scale refinement may help researchers and practitioners conduct epistemological surveys or clinical research related to wisdom.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Brief Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai-fu Fung ◽  
Esther Oi-wah Chow
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Explorative Factor Analysis

Abstract Background This longitudinal study aimed to develop a nine-item Brief Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (BSAWS) derived from the original 40-item Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS). Methods The psychometric properties of the shortened scale were evaluated based on a sample of 157 older adults. The factor structure and dimensionality of the original SAWS were examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Subsequent explorative factor analysis of the BSAWS supported the construct validity of the shortened scale. Results The internal consistency, criterion validity and construct validity of the shortened scale were also evaluated and the results indicated that the BSAWS possesses good psychometric properties and is comparable with the full version. Conclusions This scale refinement may help researchers and practitioners conduct epistemological surveys or clinical research related to wisdom.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Digital Literacy Scale (DLS) and its Implication for Higher Education

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Hina Amin ◽  
Muhammad Abid Malik ◽  
Bulent Akkaya
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Variance Explained

The study aimes to develop and validate Digital Literacy Scale (DLS) based on Chen’s (2015) theoretical framework which includes nine dimensions: communication, collaboration, critical thinking, creativity, citizenship, character, curation, copyright, and connectedness. A question pool consisting of 62 items based on the nine dimensions of digital literacy was generated on a 5-point Likert-type scale. Content validity of the question pool was sought from experts in terms of clarity of items, language understanding, and relevance. SPSS and AMOS were used for statistical analysis. Using a sample of 349 university students, Exploratory Factor Analysis was employed for reliability analysis, construct validation, and factor structure of the scale. EFA confirms the nine dimensions; however, some items were deleted during this process. Finally, Confirmatory Factor Analysis was employed to check the reliability and validity of the factor structure by using a second sample (n=442). CFA showed that all the values were within the acceptable range (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin 0.886, the total variance explained 62.87%, Cronbach Alpha 0.894, and the goodness of fit 0.924). Thus a standardized DLS consisting of 36 items and 9 factors (communication, copyright, critical thinking, character, citizenship, curation, connectedness, creativity, and collaboration) was finalized. DLS is a psychometrically sound, reliable, and valid measurement tool that can be used to measure digital literacy.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Brief Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai-fu Fung(Former Corresponding Author) ◽  
Esther Oi-wah Chow(New Corresponding Author) ◽  
Chau-kiu Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Explorative Factor Analysis

Abstract Background This longitudinal study aimed to develop a nine-item Brief Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (BSAWS) derived from the original 40-item Self-Assessed Wisdom Scale (SAWS). Methods The psychometric properties of the shortened scale were evaluated based on a sample of 157 older adults. The factor structure and dimensionality of the original SAWS were examined using confirmatory factor analysis. Subsequent explorative factor analysis of the BSAWS supported the construct validity of the shortened scale. Results The internal consistency, criterion validity and construct validity of the shortened scale were also evaluated and the results indicated that the BSAWS possesses good psychometric properties and is comparable with the full version. Conclusions This scale refinement may help researchers and practitioners conduct epistemological surveys or clinical research related to wisdom.

Development of the Teacher Attitudes Towards Self-Regulated Learning Scale

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Steinbach ◽  
Heidrun Stoeger
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Affective Component ◽  
Self Regulated Learning ◽  
Regulated Learning ◽  
Teachers Attitudes ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract. We describe the development and validation of an instrument for measuring the affective component of primary school teachers’ attitudes towards self-regulated learning. The questionnaire assesses the affective component towards those cognitive and metacognitive strategies that are especially effective in primary school. In a first study (n = 230), the factor structure was verified via an exploratory factor analysis. A confirmatory factor analysis with data from a second study (n = 400) indicated that the theoretical factor structure is appropriate. A comparison with four alternative models identified the theoretically derived factor structure as the most appropriate. Concurrent validity was demonstrated by correlations with a scale that measures the degree to which teachers create learning environments that enable students to self-regulate their learning. Retrospective validity was demonstrated by correlations with a scale that measures teachers’ experiences with self-regulated learning. In a third study (n = 47), the scale’s concurrent validity was tested with scales measuring teachers’ evaluation of the desirability of different aspects of self-regulated learning in class. Additionally, predictive validity was demonstrated via a binary logistic regression, with teachers attitudes as predictor on their registration for a workshop on self-regulated learning and their willingness to implement a seven-week training program on self-regulated learning.

Development and Validation of a German Language Unit-Level Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 852-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Gunnesch-Luca ◽  
Klaus Moser
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
German Language ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Unit Level ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract. The current paper presents the development and validation of a unit-level Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) scale based on the Referent-Shift Consensus Model (RSCM). In Study 1, with 124 individuals measured twice, both an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) established and confirmed a five-factor solution (helping behavior, sportsmanship, loyalty, civic virtue, and conscientiousness). Test–retest reliabilities at a 2-month interval were high (between .59 and .79 for the subscales, .83 for the total scale). In Study 2, unit-level OCB was analyzed in a sample of 129 work teams. Both Interrater Reliability (IRR) measures and Interrater Agreement (IRA) values provided support for RSCM requirements. Finally, unit-level OCB was associated with group task interdependence and was more predictable (by job satisfaction and integrity of the supervisor) than individual-level OCB in previous research.

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