LAND USE AND FLOOD RISK THROUGH CATCHMENT FLOOD-MANAGEMENT PLANS

Abstract. Flooding is an imminent natural hazard threatening most river deltas, e.g. the Mekong Delta. An appropriate flood management is thus required for a sustainable development of the often densely populated regions. Recently, the traditional event-based hazard control shifted towards a risk management approach in many regions, driven by intensive research leading to new legal regulation on flood management. However, a large-scale flood risk assessment does not exist for the Mekong Delta. Particularly, flood risk to paddy rice cultivation, the most important economic activity in the delta, has not been performed yet. Therefore, the present study was developed to provide the very first insight into delta-scale flood damages and risks to rice cultivation. The flood hazard was quantified by probabilistic flood hazard maps of the whole delta using a bivariate extreme value statistics, synthetic flood hydrographs, and a large-scale hydraulic model. The flood risk to paddy rice was then quantified considering cropping calendars, rice phenology, and harvest times based on a time series of enhanced vegetation index (EVI) derived from MODIS satellite data, and a published rice flood damage function. The proposed concept provided flood risk maps to paddy rice for the Mekong Delta in terms of expected annual damage. The presented concept can be used as a blueprint for regions facing similar problems due to its generic approach. Furthermore, the changes in flood risk to paddy rice caused by changes in land use currently under discussion in the Mekong Delta were estimated. Two land-use scenarios either intensifying or reducing rice cropping were considered, and the changes in risk were presented in spatially explicit flood risk maps. The basic risk maps could serve as guidance for the authorities to develop spatially explicit flood management and mitigation plans for the delta. The land-use change risk maps could further be used for adaptive risk management plans and as a basis for a cost–benefit of the discussed land-use change scenarios. Additionally, the damage and risks maps may support the recently initiated agricultural insurance programme in Vietnam.

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Manejo sostenible de inundaciones, cuencas y riberas en la provincia de Manabí

La Técnica: Revista de las Agrociencias. ISSN 2477-8982 ◽

10.33936/la_tecnica.v0i23.1442 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Andy Miguel Giler-Ormaza ◽

Sergio Paul Donoso lucas ◽

Roberth Patricio Arteaga Zambrano ◽

David Alejandro Zaldumbide Perlalvo

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Sustainable Management ◽

Flood Management ◽

Catchment Management ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Methods And Techniques ◽

Management Plans ◽

Soft Engineering ◽

Points Of View ◽

River Banks

Sustainable management of floods, catchments and river banks in Manabí province En Manabí las autoridades locales y nacionales han elaborado e implementando planes de gestión de inundaciones; sin embargo, las inundaciones aún causan grandes daños frecuentemente. El objetivo de la presente investigación es explorar técnicas que se podrían aplicar en Manabí para un manejo sostenible de inundaciones (SFM). Dos objetivos específicos son: explorar los enfoques y técnicas para i) SFM basado en manejo de cuencas hidrográficas, y ii) SFM basado en manejo de ríos y riberas. Se realiza un análisis desde un punto de vista técnico, económico, social y ambiental. La revisión y el análisis revelan que, en cuanto a manejo de inundaciones basado en manejo la cuenca, existen proyectos y planes hidráulicos que han sido efectivos en cierta medida. Específicamente represas, muros para retención de escorrentía y encauzamiento de quebradas. Sin embargo, se ha venido dando un manejo inadecuado a las riberas de varios ríos. Sus taludes se limpian y quedan desprotegidos contra la erosión con posibles implicaciones para la sedimentación y el riesgo de inundación aguas abajo de las zonas intervenidas. Enfoques sostenibles incluyen la bioingeniería y la ‘ingeniería suave’. El presente análisis puede contribuir al debate sobre el camino a seguir para la gestión de inundaciones en la provincia. Palabras clave: Agua Superficial; Desastre Natural; Erosión; Gestión; Uso de la Tierra. Abstract In Manabí local and national authorities have implemented flood management plans; however, floods still cause major damages frequently. The objective of this research is to explore techniques that could be applied in Manabí for sustainable flood management (SFM). Two specific objectives are to explore the methods and techniques for i) SFM based on management of catchments, and ii) SFM based on management of rivers and riverbanks. An analysis is undertaken from the technical, economic, social and environmental points of view. The review and analysis reveals that, regarding flood management based on catchment management, there are projects and hydraulic plans that have been effective to some extent. Namely: dams, runoff-retention walls and gully channelization and diversion works. However, an inadequate management has been given to the banks of many rivers. These river banks are cleaned and left unprotected against erosion, with possible implications for sedimentation and flood risk downstream of the intervened areas. Sustainable approaches include bioengineering and 'soft engineering'. The present analysis can contribute to the debate on the way forward for flood management in the province. Keywords: Surface Water; Natural Disasters; Erosion; Management; Land Use.

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Land-use change and floods: what do we need most, research or management?

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2002.0176 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 183-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Arne Tollan

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Human Impacts ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Flood Management ◽

Flood Damage ◽

Flood Frequency ◽

Small Scale ◽

Infiltration Capacity

Land-cover change (urbanisation, deforestation, and cultivation) results in increased flood frequency and severity. Mechanisms include reduced infiltration capacity, lower soil porosity, loss of vegetation, and forest clearing, meaning lower evapotranspiration. Major research challenges lie in quantification of effects in terms of flood characteristics under various conditions, ascertaining the combined effects of gradual changes over long time periods, and developing model tools suitable for land-use management. Large floods during the 1990s gave a new focus on these problems. Reference is made to the Norwegian HYDRA research programme on human impacts on floods and flood damage. The paper concludes that land-use change effects on floods are most pronounced at small scale and for frequent flood magnitudes. Model simulations of effects of land-use change can now be used to reduce flood risk. Modern flood management strategies have abandoned the position that dams and dikes are the only answers to mitigating flood disasters. Today, the strategic approach is more often: do not keep the water away from the people, keep people away from the water. Flood management strategies should include flood warnings, efficient communication, risk awareness, civil protection and flood preparedness routines, effective land-use policies, flood risk mapping, … as well as structural measures.

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An Evaluation of Risk-Based Agricultural Land-Use Adjustments under a Flood Management Strategy in a Floodplain

Hydrology ◽

10.3390/hydrology8010053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq ◽

Zohreh Rajabi ◽

Nitin Muttil

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Flood Management ◽

Gis Data ◽

Structural Measures ◽

Expected Annual Damage

Agricultural damage due to floods in the Indus basin’s fertile land has been the most damaging natural disaster in Pakistan so far. Earthen dikes are protecting the vast areas of the floodplain from regular flooding. However, the floodplain is attractive to farmers due to its fertility and experiences regular crop production within and out of the dike area. This paper evaluates the flood risk in a floodplain of the Chenab river in Pakistan and recommends land-use changes to reduce the flood risk for crops and associated settlements within the study area. The objective of the land-use change is not just to reduce flood losses but also to increase the overall benefits of the floodplain in terms of its Economic Rent (ER). This preliminary study analyses the economic impacts of the risk-based land-use improvements on existing floodplain land uses. Expected Annual Damage (EAD) maps were developed using hydrodynamic models and GIS data. The developed model identified the areas where maize can be economically more productive compared to rice under flood conditions. Promising results were obtained for the settlement relocations. It was also observed that the infra-structure, running parallel to the river, plays a significant role in curtailing the extent of floods. The results show that a combination of structural and non-structural measures proves more effective. The study also recommends the inclusion of social and environmental damages as well as other types of non-structural measures to develop the most effective flood management strategy.

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Strategy and measures for reducing of flood risk in Balkan countries

Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools ◽

10.33531/farplss.2019.3.03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 11-14

Author(s):

L. Jovanović

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Action Plan ◽

Flood Management ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Structural Measures ◽

Management Plans ◽

The Republic ◽

Flood Risk Management Plans ◽

The Eu

The EU Flood Directive states that flood risk management plans should focus on prediction, prevention, protection and preparedness. The legal framework of flood management in all countries of Western Balkan is aligned with the EU Flood Directive. Based on the Strategy for Water Management in the Republic of Serbia up to 2034, sector reforms will be implemented in order to achieve the necessary standards in water management. Structural measures (construction of flood defenses). Structural measures identified as “non-regret” in the Action Plan will be implemented through the EU Instrument for pre-accession assistance. The existing system of protection in the Republic of Serbia relies primarily on passive measures. In spite of such important infrastructure facilities, the concept of the fight against floods has proved to be unsustainable in recent times. Whereas the meteorological and hydrological conditions cannot be controlled early warning, preparedness and flood forecasts are essential to reduce the damages of flooding.

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Towards risk-based flood management in highly productive paddy rice cultivation – concept development and application to the Mekong Delta

10.5194/nhess-2018-223 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nguyen Van Khanh Triet ◽

Nguyen Viet Dung ◽

Bruno Merz ◽

Heiko Apel

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Large Scale ◽

Flood Hazard ◽

Mekong Delta ◽

Flood Management ◽

Paddy Rice ◽

Rice Cultivation ◽

Spatially Explicit ◽

Risk Maps

Abstract. Flooding is an imminent natural hazard threatening most river deltas, as e.g. the Mekong Delta. An appropriate flood management is thus required for a sustainable development of the often densely populated regions. Recently, the traditional event based hazard control shifted towards a risk management approach in many regions, driven by intensive research leading to new legal regulation on flood management. However, a large-scale flood risk assessment does not exist for the Mekong Delta. Particularly, flood risk to paddy rice cultivation, the most important economic activity in the delta, has not been performed yet. Therefor the present study was developed to provide the very first in-sight on delta scale flood damages and risks to rice cultivation. The flood hazard was quantified by probabilistic flood hazard maps of the whole delta using a bivariate extreme value statistics, synthetic flood hydrographs, and a large scale hydraulic model. The flood risk to paddy rice was then quantified considering cropping calendars, rice phenology and harvest times based on a time-series of enhanced vegetation index (EVI) derived from MODIS satellite data, and a published rice flood damage functions. The proposed concept provided flood risk maps to paddy rice for the Mekong Delta in terms of expected annual damage. The presented concept can be used as a blueprint for regions facing similar problems due to its generic approach. Furthermore, the changes in flood risk to paddy rice caused by changes in land use currently under discussion in the Mekong Delta were estimated. Two land-use scenarios either intensifying or reducing rice cropping were considered, and the changes in risk were presented in spatially explicit flood risk maps. The basic risk maps could serve as guidance for the authorities to develop spatially explicit flood management and mitigation plans for the delta. The land-use change risk maps could further be used for adaptive risk management plans, and as basis for a cost-benefit of the discussed land use change scenarios. Additionally, the damage and risks maps may support the recently initiated agricultural insurance programme in Vietnam.

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The European flood risk directive: challenges for research

Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/hessd-6-4961-2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 4961-4988 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

E. Mostert ◽

S. J. Junier

Keyword(s):

Flood Risk ◽

Flood Hazard ◽

Flood Management ◽

Preliminary Assessment ◽

Eu Member States ◽

Management Plans ◽

Single Discipline ◽

Research Challenge ◽

Risk Managers ◽

Selection Of

Abstract. In recent years, flood management has shifted from protection against floods to managing the risks of floods. In Europe, this shift is reflected in the Flood risk directive of October 2007 (2007/60/EC; FRD). The FRD requires EU Member States to undertake a preliminary assessment of flood risks and, for areas with a significant flood risk, to prepare flood hazard and flood risk maps and flood risk management plans. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the FRD and discuss the challenges that the FRD poses to research. These challenges include the issue how to define and measure ''flood risk'', the selection of alternatives to be assessed, coping with uncertainty, risk communication, nurturing trust and promoting collaboration. These research challenges cannot be addressed properly within any single discipline and without involving the flood risk managers and other stakeholders. The paper therefore concludes that there is a large need for interdisciplinary and participatory research. This constitutes in fact the biggest research challenge.

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Assessing the Impact Index of Urbanization Index on Urban Flood Risk

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b1571.078219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 509-516

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Flood Hazard ◽

Risk Index ◽

Flood Management ◽

Management Approach ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Urban Flood ◽

Tapi Basin ◽

The Impact

The process of urbanization has changed overall Land use/Land cover patterns which are being attributed to flooding and resulting in the economic damages from flooding events. This current study aims to evaluate the implication of spatiotemporal changes of LULC Pattern on the flood risk of Surat city (Gujarat, India), Lower Tapi Basin. The Topographical maps and satellite imagery of Resources-1 of the year 1968 and the year 2006 respectively are used for analyses the urbanization index. As the flood risk is a combination of flood hazard, and vulnerability of the urbanized area, flood losses are expected to rise due to change in each of these aspects. The remote sensing and spatial analysis tools of Geographic Information System (GIS) have been used to statistically examine the flood risk index along with their different land-use scenarios. It has been observed that other than natural processes, rapid urbanization obstructions are being considered as one of the main drivers of flood risk aggravation, and if so, it has made essential for the implementation of flood management approach at the top priority for reducing the risk of flood.

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