Electron Microscopic Study of Manganese Minerals in the Polymetallic Nodules from the Central Pacific Ocean

AbstractPolymetallic nodule fields provide hard substrate for sessile organisms on the abyssal seafloor between 3000 and 6000 m water depth. Deep-seabed mining targets these mineral-rich nodules and will likely modify the consumer-resource (trophic) and substrate-providing (non-trophic) interactions within the abyssal food web. However, the importance of nodules and their associated sessile fauna in supporting food-web integrity remains unclear. Here, we use seafloor imagery and published literature to develop highly-resolved trophic and non-trophic interaction webs for the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ, central Pacific Ocean) and the Peru Basin (PB, South-East Pacific Ocean) and to assess how nodule removal may modify these networks. The CCZ interaction web included 1028 compartments connected with 59,793 links and the PB interaction web consisted of 342 compartments and 8044 links. We show that knock-down effects of nodule removal resulted in a 17.9% (CCZ) to 20.8% (PB) loss of all taxa and 22.8% (PB) to 30.6% (CCZ) loss of network links. Subsequent analysis identified stalked glass sponges living attached to the nodules as key structural species that supported a high diversity of associated fauna. We conclude that polymetallic nodules are critical for food-web integrity and that their absence will likely result in reduced local benthic biodiversity.

Download Full-text

Polymetallic nodules are essential for food-web integrity of a prospective deep-seabed mining area in Pacific abyssal plains

10.1101/2021.02.11.430718 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tanja Stratmann ◽

Karline Soetaert ◽

Daniel Kersken ◽

Dick van Oevelen

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Food Web ◽

Mining Area ◽

Central Pacific ◽

Central Pacific Ocean ◽

Polymetallic Nodule ◽

Polymetallic Nodules ◽

Deep Seabed Mining ◽

Seabed Mining ◽

Interaction Web

AbstractPolymetallic nodule fields provide hard substrate for sessile organisms on the abyssal seafloor between 3,000 and 6,000 m water depth. Deep-seabed mining targets these mineral-rich nodules and will likely modify the consumer-resource (trophic) and substrate-providing (non-trophic) interactions within the abyssal food web. However, the importance of nodules and their associated sessile fauna in supporting food-web integrity remains unclear. Here, we use seafloor imagery and published literature to develop highly-resolved trophic and non-trophic interaction webs for the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ, central Pacific Ocean) and the Peru Basin (PB, south-east Pacific Ocean) and to assess how nodule removal will modify these networks. The CCZ interaction web included 1,028 compartments connected with 59,793 links and the PB interaction web consisted of 342 compartments and 8,044 links. We show that knock-down effects of nodule removal resulted in a 17.9% (CCZ) to 20.8% (PB) loss of all compartments and 22.8% (PB) to 30.6% (CCZ) loss of network links. Subsequent analysis identified stalked glass sponges living attached to the nodules as key structural species that supported a high diversity of associated fauna. We conclude that polymetallic nodules are critical for food-web integrity and that their absence will likely result in reduced local benthic biodiversity.

Download Full-text

Relationship between polymetallic nodules and submarine hydrothermalism in the Central Pacific Ocean

Chinese Science Bulletin ◽

10.1007/bf02883198 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 42 (23) ◽

pp. 1980-1983 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Li Yanhe ◽

Song Hebin ◽

Li Jincheng ◽

Yao Xiaomei

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Central Pacific ◽

Central Pacific Ocean ◽

Polymetallic Nodules

Download Full-text

The Growth of Herpesvirus mulatto in Human Fibroblast

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051232 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 244-245

Author(s):

Glennelle Washington ◽

Philip P. McGrath ◽

Peter R. Graze ◽

Ivor Royston

Keyword(s):

Rhesus Monkey ◽

Microscopic Study ◽

Electron Microscopic Study ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Human Fibroblast ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Specific Antisera ◽

Peripheral Blood Leucocytes

Herpes-like viruses were isolated from rhesus monkey peripheral blood leucocytes when co-cultivated with WI-38 cells. The virus was originally designated rhesus leucocyte-associated herpesvirus (LAHV) and subsequently called Herpesvirus mulatta (HVM). The original isolations were from juvenile rhesus monkeys shown to be free of antibody to rhesus cytomegalic virus. The virus could only be propagated in human or simian fibroblasts. Use of specific antisera developed from HVM showed no relationship between this virus and other herpesviruses. An electron microscopic study was undertaken to determine the morphology of Herpesvirus mulatta (HVM) in infected human fibroblasts.

Download Full-text

Cell Wall Ultrastructure in Three Strains of a Cariogenic Streptococcus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065730 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 338-339

Author(s):

M. J. Kramer ◽

Alan L. Coykendall

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Microscopic Study ◽

Electron Microscopic Study ◽

Genetic Heterogeneity ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Dna Reassociation ◽

Wall Ultrastructure

During the almost 50 years since Streptococcus mutans was first suggested as a factor in the etiology of dental caries, a multitude of studies have confirmed the cariogenic potential of this organism. Streptococci have been isolated from human and animal caries on numerous occasions and, with few exceptions, they are not typable by the Lancefield technique but are relatively homogeneous in their biochemical reactions. An analysis of the guanine-cytosine (G-C) composition of the DNA from strains K-1-R, NCTC 10449, and FA-1 by one of us (ALC) revealed significant differences and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments indicated that genetic heterogeneity existed among the three strains. The present electron microscopic study had as its objective the elucidation of any distinguishing morphological characteristics which might further characterize the respective strains.

Download Full-text

A New Technique for the Light and Electron Microscopic Study of Individual Cerebro-Spinal Fluid Cells in a Mona Plane Layer

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100091792 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 362-363

Author(s):

L.A. Dell

Keyword(s):

Microscopic Study ◽

Electron Microscopic Study ◽

Plane Layer ◽

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Spinal Fluid ◽

Electron Microscopic Level ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Easy Method ◽

Cell Pellet ◽

A New Technique

A new method has been developed which readily offers the microscopist a possibility for both light and electron microscopic study of selected cells from the cerebrospinal fluid. Previous attempts to examine these cells in the spinal fluid at the ultrastructural level were based on modifications of cell pellet techniques developed for peripheral blood. These earlier methods were limited in application by the number of cells in spinal fluid required to obtain a sufficient size pellet and by the lack of an easy method of cellular identification between the light and electron microscopic level. The newly developed method routinely employs microscope slides coated with Siliclad and tungsten oxide for duplicate cytocentrifuge preparations of diagnostic spinal fluid specimens. Work done by Kushida and Suzuki provided a basis for our use of the metal oxide.

Download Full-text

Vesicular system associated with spermiogenesis of bullfrog

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100128377 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 818-819

Author(s):

K. C. Liu ◽

S. F. Tsay

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Microscopic Study ◽

Electron Microscopic Study ◽

Reproductive System ◽

Seminiferous Tubule ◽

Rana Catesbeiana ◽

Routine Procedure ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Twisted Tubules ◽

Electron Lucent

In the histologic and electron microscopic study of the male reproductive system of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, a vesicular system associated with spermiogenesis was observed. It appeared in the lumenal space of the seminiferous tubule (Fig. 1), in the heads of spermatids (Fig. 2), associated with the chromatins of the spermatid (Fig. 4). As deduced from sections, this vesicular system consisted of vesicles of various size or a large group of waving and twisted tubules (Fig. 3), After routine procedure of treatment for electron microscopy, the lumens of both of the vesicles and tubules were electron lucent.In human, vesicles and vesicular system associated with reproductive cell and tissue were reported. In abnormal spermiogenesis, flower-like body, actually vesicles, and giant vesicle associated with the head of spermatid were observed. In both cases the number of vesicle was limited from a single one to a few.

Download Full-text