Parent–child neural synchrony: a novel approach to elucidating dyadic correlates of preschool irritability

Genome analysis relies on reference data like sequences, feature annotations, and aligner indexes. These data can be found in many versions from many sources, making it challenging to identify and assess compatibility among them. For example, how can you determine which indexes are derived from identical raw sequence files, or which annotations share a compatible coordinate system? Here, we describe a novel approach to establish identity and compatibility of reference genome resources. We approach this with three advances: First, we derive unique identifiers for each resource; second, we record parent-child relationships among resources; and third, we describe recursive identifiers that determine identity as well as compatibility of coordinate systems and sequence names. These advances facilitate portability, reproducibility, and re-use of genome reference data.Availabilityhttps://refgenie.databio.org

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Getting in synch: Unpacking the role of parent–child synchrony in the development of internalizing and externalizing behaviors

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579421000468 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Laura E. Quiñones-Camacho ◽

Caroline P. Hoyniak ◽

Lauren S. Wakschlag ◽

Susan B. Perlman

Keyword(s):

Externalizing Behaviors ◽

Internalizing Behaviors ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Positive Interactions ◽

Protective Mechanism ◽

Neural Synchrony ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing Behaviors ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing ◽

Parent Child

Abstract While substantial research supports the role of parent–child interactions on the emergence of psychiatric symptoms, few studies have explored biological mechanisms for this association. The current study explored behavioral and neural parent–child synchronization during frustration and play as predictors of internalizing and externalizing behaviors across a span of 1.5 years. Parent–child dyads first came to the laboratory when the child was 4–5 years old and completed the Disruptive Behavior Diagnostic Observation Schedule: Biological Synchrony (DB-DOS: BioSync) task while functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data were recorded. Parents reported on their child's internalizing and externalizing behaviors using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) four times over 1.5 years. Latent growth curve (LGC) modeling was conducted to assess neural and behavioral synchrony as predictors of internalizing and externalizing trajectories. Consistent with previous investigations in this age range, on average, internalizing and externalizing behaviors decreased over the four time points. Parent–child neural synchrony during a period of play predicted rate of change in internalizing but not externalizing behaviors such that higher parent–child neural synchrony was associated with a more rapid decrease in internalizing behaviors. Our results suggest that a parent–child dyad's ability to coordinate neural activation during positive interactions might serve as a protective mechanism in the context of internalizing behaviors.

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Neural synchrony in mother–child conversation: Exploring the role of conversation patterns

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience ◽

10.1093/scan/nsaa079 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Trinh Nguyen ◽

Hanna Schleihauf ◽

Ezgi Kayhan ◽

Daniel Matthes ◽

Pascal Vrtička ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Environment ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Neural Synchrony ◽

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Neural Synchronization ◽

Turn Taking ◽

Over Time ◽

Parent Child

Abstract Conversations are an essential form of communication in daily family life. Specific patterns of caregiver–child conversations have been linked to children’s socio-cognitive development and child-relationship quality beyond the immediate family environment. Recently, interpersonal neural synchronization has been proposed as a neural mechanism supporting conversation. Here, we present a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning study looking at the temporal dynamics of neural synchrony during mother–child conversation. Preschoolers (20 boys and 20 girls, M age 5;07 years) and their mothers (M age 36.37 years) were tested simultaneously with fNIRS hyperscanning while engaging in a free verbal conversation lasting for 4 min. Neural synchrony (using wavelet transform coherence analysis) was assessed over time. Furthermore, each conversational turn was coded for conversation patterns comprising turn-taking, relevance, contingency and intrusiveness. Results from linear mixed-effects modeling revealed that turn-taking, but not relevance, contingency or intrusiveness predicted neural synchronization during the conversation over time. Results are discussed to point out possible variables affecting parent–child conversation quality and the potential functional role of interpersonal neural synchronization for parent–child conversation.

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Identity and compatibility of reference genome resources

NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics ◽

10.1093/nargab/lqab036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Michał Stolarczyk ◽

Bingjie Xue ◽

Nathan C Sheffield

Keyword(s):

Coordinate System ◽

Genome Analysis ◽

Reference Genome ◽

Reference Data ◽

Coordinate Systems ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Many Sources ◽

Parent Child Relationships ◽

Parent Child

Abstract Genome analysis relies on reference data like sequences, feature annotations, and aligner indexes. These data can be found in many versions from many sources, making it challenging to identify and assess compatibility among them. For example, how can you determine which indexes are derived from identical raw sequence files, or which annotations share a compatible coordinate system? Here, we describe a novel approach to establish identity and compatibility of reference genome resources. We approach this with three advances: first, we derive unique identifiers for each resource; second, we record parent–child relationships among resources; and third, we describe recursive identifiers that determine identity as well as compatibility of coordinate systems and sequence names. These advances facilitate portability, reproducibility, and re-use of genome reference data. Available athttps://refgenie.databio.org.

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A measure of concurrent neural firing activity based on mutual information

10.1101/2020.12.16.423134 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gorana Mijatovic ◽

Tatjana Loncar-Turukalo ◽

Nebojsa Bozanic ◽

Luca Faes

Keyword(s):

Mutual Information ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Ganglion Cells ◽

Input Parameter ◽

Surrogate Data ◽

Neural Synchrony ◽

Minimum Entropy ◽

Neural Firing ◽

Firing Activity ◽

Novel Approach

AbstractMultiple methods have been developed in an attempt to quantify stimulus-induced neural coordination and to understand internal coordination of neuronal responses by examining the synchronization phenomena in neural discharge patterns. In this work we propose a novel approach to estimate the degree of concomitant firing between two neural units, based on a modified form of mutual information (MI) applied to a two-state representation of the firing activity. The binary profile of each single unit unfolds its discharge activity in time by decomposition into the state of neural quiescence/low activity and state of moderate firing/bursting. Then, the MI computed between the two binary streams is normalized by their minimum entropy and is taken as positive or negative depending on the prevalence of identical or opposite concomitant states. The resulting measure, denoted as Concurrent Firing Index based on MI (CFIMI), relies on a single input parameter and is otherwise assumption-free and symmetric. Exhaustive validation was carried out through controlled experiments in three simulation scenarios, showing that CFIMI is independent on firing rate and recording duration, and is sensitive to correlated and anti-correlated firing patterns. Its ability to detect non-correlated activity was assessed using ad-hoc surrogate data. Moreover, the evaluation of CFIMI on experimental recordings of spiking activity in retinal ganglion cells brought insights into the changes of neural synchrony over time. The proposed measure offers a novel perspective on the estimation of neural synchrony, providing information on the co-occurrence of firing states in the two analyzed trains over longer temporal scales compared to existing measures.

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Parental frontal brain activity tracks infants’ attention during shared play

10.31234/osf.io/u84dj ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sam Wass ◽

Ira Marriott Haresign ◽

Megan Whitehorn ◽

Kaili Clackson ◽

Stanimira Georgieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neural Activity ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Oscillatory Activity ◽

Neural Synchrony ◽

Child Play ◽

Frontal Brain ◽

Time Lagged ◽

Parent Child

Previous research has suggested that similar patterns of neural activity occur between watching someone else perform an action and performing it oneself. Here, we demonstrate a comparable phenomenon: that, while engaged in free-flowing naturalistic parent-child play, parents’ oscillatory activity recorded over frontal areas co-varies with their infants’ attention patterns, independent of their own attention patterns. We also found weaker evidence for the opposite relationship: that infants’ brain activity tracks adults’ attention. We demonstrate this by recording dual EEG in 12-month-old infants and their parents while they were engaged in joint and solo tabletop play with toys, and analysing the time-lagged temporal associations between infants’ attention towards play objects and adults’ neural activity, and vice versa. We discuss how these inter-dyadic brain-behaviour correspondences relate to actor-observer relationships previously been documented, and consider their role as drivers of inter-personal neural synchrony.

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A Guide to Parent-Child fNIRS Hyperscanning Data Processing and Analysis

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21124075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 4075

Author(s):

Trinh Nguyen ◽

Stefanie Hoehl ◽

Pascal Vrtička

Keyword(s):

Mixed Models ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Generalized Linear Mixed Models ◽

Neural Synchrony ◽

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Wavelet Transform Coherence ◽

Pair Analysis ◽

Random Pair ◽

Problem Solving Task ◽

Parent Child

The use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning during naturalistic interactions in parent–child dyads has substantially advanced our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of human social interaction. However, despite the rise of developmental hyperscanning studies over the last years, analysis procedures have not yet been standardized and are often individually developed by each research team. This article offers a guide on parent–child fNIRS hyperscanning data analysis in MATLAB and R. We provide an example dataset of 20 dyads assessed during a cooperative versus individual problem-solving task, with brain signal acquired using 16 channels located over bilateral frontal and temporo-parietal areas. We use MATLAB toolboxes Homer2 and SPM for fNIRS to preprocess the acquired brain signal data and suggest a standardized procedure. Next, we calculate interpersonal neural synchrony between dyads using Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC) and illustrate how to run a random pair analysis to control for spurious correlations in the signal. We then use RStudio to estimate Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) to account for the bounded distribution of coherence values for interpersonal neural synchrony analyses. With this guide, we hope to offer advice for future parent–child fNIRS hyperscanning investigations and to enhance replicability within the field.

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A Guide to Parent-Child fNIRS Hyperscanning Data Analysis

10.31234/osf.io/dr84h ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Trinh Nguyen ◽

Stefanie Hoehl ◽

Pascal Vrticka

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Neural Synchrony ◽

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Wavelet Transform Coherence ◽

Pair Analysis ◽

Random Pair ◽

Problem Solving Task ◽

Parent Child

The use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning during naturalistic interactions in parent-child dyads has substantially advanced our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of human social interaction. However, despite the rise of developmental hyperscanning studies over the last years, analysis procedures have not yet been standardized and are often individually developed by each research team. This article offers a guide on parent-child fNIRS hyperscanning data analysis in MATLAB and R. We provide an exemplary dataset of 20 dyads assessed during a cooperative versus individual problem-solving task, with brain activity measured using 16 channels located over bilateral frontal and temporo-parietal areas. We use MATLAB toolboxes Homer2 and SPM for fNIRS to preprocess the acquired data, and suggest a standardized procedure previously employed in several publications. Next, we calculate interpersonal neural synchrony between dyads using Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC) and illustrate how to run a random pair analysis to control for spurious correlations in the signal. We then use RStudio to estimate Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) to account for the bounded distribution of coherence values for interpersonal neural synchrony analyses. With this guide, we hope to offer advice for future parent-child fNIRS hyperscanning investigations and to enhance replicability within the field.

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Copper-dependent ATP7B up-regulation drives the resistance of TMEM16A-overexpressing head-and-neck cancer models to platinum toxicity

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bcj20190591 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 476 (24) ◽

pp. 3705-3719 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Avani Vyas ◽

Umamaheswar Duvvuri ◽

Kirill Kiselyov

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Platinum Resistance ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Platinum Compounds ◽

Copper Chelation ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Cancer Models

Platinum-containing drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin are routinely used for the treatment of many solid tumors including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, SCCHN resistance to platinum compounds is well documented. The resistance to platinum has been linked to the activity of divalent transporter ATP7B, which pumps platinum from the cytoplasm into lysosomes, decreasing its concentration in the cytoplasm. Several cancer models show increased expression of ATP7B; however, the reason for such an increase is not known. Here we show a strong positive correlation between mRNA levels of TMEM16A and ATP7B in human SCCHN tumors. TMEM16A overexpression and depletion in SCCHN cell lines caused parallel changes in the ATP7B mRNA levels. The ATP7B increase in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells was reversed by suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) and by copper chelation using cuprizone and bathocuproine sulphonate (BCS). Pretreatment with either chelator significantly increased cisplatin's sensitivity, particularly in the context of TMEM16A overexpression. We propose that increased oxidative stress in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells liberates the chelated copper in the cytoplasm, leading to the transcriptional activation of ATP7B expression. This, in turn, decreases the efficacy of platinum compounds by promoting their vesicular sequestration. We think that such a new explanation of the mechanism of SCCHN tumors’ platinum resistance identifies novel approach to treating these tumors.

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