Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is characterized by a wide spectrum of phenotypic characteristics such as; deep coughing, increased mucous production, and weight loss. However, only recently was the role of inflammation on the etiology of the disease recognized. CF is characterized as a cyclic progression of infective exacerbations and stable periods initiated by the presence of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (PA). An increase in inflammatory cytokines/mediators and a decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the net inflammation and overall tissue destruction of the lungs. PA is associated with the low iron status that is seen in 60-75% of the CF population, through the presence of iron sequestering siderophores which distract iron from the tissues. Iron deficiency (ID) initiates further symptoms such as; fatigue, tachycardia, weakness, brittle nails etc, in addition to those caused by CF. The colonization of PA may be the cause or a result of increased iron (ferritin) concentrations in the lungs, but independent of the original relationship, results in a decreased iron status. Iron is used by PA under hypoxic conditions such as in the fibrosis lung, as a source of energy. Studies on the relationship between CF and ID contribute a variety of possible causes although currently no direct connection has been discovered. At this stage, further studies in this area are needed. This review will primarily focus on the affects of CF on iron status in humans, and secondarily examine the effect of mediators of inflammation in respects to ID.