Evaluation and Comparison of 2 On-Farm Tests for Estimating Somatic Cell Count in Quarter Milk Samples from Lactating Dairy Cattle

The potential value of electrical conductivity, somatic cell count, and California Mastitis Test (CMT) Score in composite milk samples as a screening test for subclinical mastitis was evaluated. The effect of genetic group was significant (P < 0.05) for conductivity and somatic cell count while the effects of parity and month of lactation were significant (P < 0.01) for all the three traits studied. Somatic cell count and CMT score increased from first to fourth parity while there was general trend for increasing conductivity from second to fourth parity. All the three methods identified healthy cows with a good accuracy but failed to recognize a considerable proportion of infected cows. The error rate for misclassification was lowest for CMT score (9.1%), followed by somatic cell count (13.9%) and conductivity (29.4%). Composite strict foremilk samples from cows infected with primary pathogens had significantly (P < 0.01) higher conductivity than those from uninfected cows. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in 60% of the milk samples and appeared to be in the major organism causing mastitis in this herd. Key words: Dairy cattle, mastitis detection methods

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Siyah Alaca İneklerde Meme Ölçülerinin Somatik Hücre Sayısı ve Günlük Süt Verimi Üzerine Etkisi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v1i1.23-28.24 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ayhan Ceyhan ◽

Mahmut Çınar ◽

Ugur Serbester

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Holstein Cattle ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Daily Milk Production ◽

Daily Milk

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of udder measurements group on somatic cell count (SCC) and daily milk production. Milk samples and udder measurements were collected monthly from 79 lactating Holstein cows on commercial dairy in the province of Niğde. In the study, front teat length (FTL), rear teat length (RTL), front teat diameter (FTD), rear teat diameter (RTD), distance between front teats (DBFT), distance between rear teats (DBRT), front udder height, (FTH), rear udder height (RUH), distance between front and rear teats (DBST) were obtained in before afternoon milking. Udder measurements were divided into 5 groups according to the measurements. The effect of DBFT, DBRT, FTH, RTD, FTD and DBRT groups on daily milk production were statistically significant, while FTH, RUH and DBRT were found non-significant. The effect of udder measurements groups on SCC was found not significant, except rear teat diameter (RTD). Average daily milk production and SCC were estimated as 28.25 kg/day and 274.90 cell/ml, respectively. In conclusion, it can be said that the distance between teats, teat’s diameter and front udder height of Holstein cattle is important factor for milk yield of Holstein dairy cattle. Also, SCC is effected by rear teat diameter.

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Mastitis Detection in Holstein Sahiwal Crossbred Cattle (Bos taurus) Using Different Brands and Dilution Levels of Liquid Anionic Surfactants

ANIMAL PRODUCTION ◽

10.20884/1.jap.2021.23.3.103 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 144-150

Author(s):

Yancy Ogdamin Waminal ◽

Marjorie Raboy Gambol ◽

Ahron Caiman Sabado ◽

John Paul Muring Vallejos ◽

Ronaldo Curameng Briones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Dilution Rate ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Anionic Surfactants ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Cattle Farm ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Randomized Design

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect, consistency, and economic viability of using different brands and dilution levels of liquid anionic surfactants to detect Mastitis in dairy cattle. Fifty-five milk samples were collected and subjected to macroscopic evaluation at a cattle farm located in Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Philippines. Milk samples were brought to the Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Genepool Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija for Somatic Cell Count. The experiment used 10 treatments with 3 replications arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. The macroscopic evaluation results showed that liquid anionic surfactants at 30%-50% dilution levels could detect Mastitis in dairy cattle. This was validated by the somatic cell count results from PCC Dairy Laboratory. On the other hand, statistical analysis results revealed that the treatments and the control (commercial mastitis test) were comparable except for brand Z at a 40% dilution rate. Brand Z at 30% and 50% dilution rate were found to be consistent among other treatments in detecting Mastitis in dairy cattle. In terms of economic viability, brand X and brand Y at 30% were the cheapest and had the lowest production cost and highest percentage savings. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect, consistency, and economic viability of using different brands and dilution levels of liquid anionic surfactants to detect Mastitis in dairy cattle. Fifty-five milk samples were collected and subjected to macroscopic evaluation at a cattle farm located in Sta. Maria, Bulacan, Philippines. Milk samples were brought to the Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Genepool Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija for Somatic Cell Count. The experiment used 10 treatments with 3 replications arranged in a Completely Randomized Design. The macroscopic evaluation results showed that liquid anionic surfactants at 30%-50% dilution levels could detect Mastitis in dairy cattle. This was validated by the somatic cell count results from PCC Dairy Laboratory. On the other hand, statistical analysis results revealed that the treatments and the control (commercial mastitis test) were comparable except for brand Z at a 40% dilution rate. Brand Z at 30% and 50% dilution rate were found to be consistent among other treatments in detecting Mastitis in dairy cattle. In terms of economic viability, brand X and brand Y at 30% were the cheapest and had the lowest production cost and highest percentage savings.

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Short communication: Evaluation of an on-farm test to estimate somatic cell count

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2008-1216 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 990-995 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A.C.O. Rodrigues ◽

L.D. Cassoli ◽

P.F. Machado ◽

P.L. Ruegg

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Short Communication ◽

Communication Evaluation ◽

On Farm

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Bulk tank somatic cell count and associated microbial quality of milk from selected dairy cattle herds in Oyo State, Nigeria

Italian Journal of Food Safety ◽

10.4081/ijfs.2018.7130 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olufemi Olatoye ◽

Adesola Amosun ◽

Uzo Ogbu ◽

Yemi Okunlade

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Health Management ◽

Development Program ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Quality And Safety ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test

Improvement of traditional and nomadic milk production through dairy development program in Nigeria requires routine quality and safety monitoring of milk both at herd level and milk collection centers. A total of 411 bulk raw milk samples aseptically obtained from Ibarapa, Oyo and Oke-Ogun industrial milk collection centers were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT), Bulk Somatic Cell Count (BSCC) and bacteriological analysis for assessment of quality and safety of milk from the herds. One hundred and seven (26.0%) of the samples were CMT positive, while 74.0% were negative to CMT. The overall mean BSCC, TAC and TCC were 1.27×103 ± cells/mL, 1.12×103± 34 cfu/mL, 97.8±9.8 cfu/mL in the CMT negative milk samples while for the strong positive samples the mean BSCC, TAC and TCC were 4.33×106 ± cells/mL, 2.35×106 ± 453 cfu/mL, 189.3±41.1 cfu/mL respectively; these were higher than the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance acceptable limits. Positive correlation was found between CMT scores and bacterial contamination and between CMT scores and SCC was recorded. About 26.0% of the samples with positive CMT could be considered unsafe due to strong correlation with microbial contamination that could result in milk borne zoonoses and public health hazards. However, a greater proportion (76.9%) of the milk with negative CMT scores could be safe for human consumption after post-harvest pasteurization. Consequently, there is need to improve handling, environmental and milking hygiene; as well as proper herd and udder health management to improve quality and safety of Nigeria dairy products.

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The presence of pathogens in milk of ewes in relation to the somatic cell count and subpopulations of leukocytes

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/43/2021-cjas ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tvarožková ◽

Vašíček ◽

Uhrinčať ◽

Mačuhová ◽

Hleba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Milk Samples

Mastitis is a major health problem of the udder in dairy sheep breeds. For diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used. The presence of pathogens in the udder causes the increase of leukocytes and thus SCC in milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pathogens in the milk of ewes and the possible relationship with SCC. The changes of leukocytes subpopulation in milk samples with high SCC were evaluated as well. The experiment was carried out on a dairy farm with the Lacaune breed. This study was conducted on 45 ewes (98 milk samples) without signs of clinical mastitis. Based on somatic cell count, samples were divided to five SCC groups: SCC1 < 200 000 cells/ml (45 milk samples); 200 000 ≤ SCC2 < 400 000 cells/ml (10 milk samples); 400 000 ≤ SCC3 < 600 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); 600 000 ≤ SCC4 < 1 000 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); SCC5 ≥ 1 000 000 cells/ml (31 milk samples). No pathogens were observed in the majority of milk samples (60.20%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most commonly isolated pathogens from the milk of ewes (86.11%). Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest incidence from CNS (35.48%). In the SCC5 group, up to 79.31% of bacteriological samples were positive. The percentage of leukocytes significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the samples with higher SCC (≥ 200 × 10<sup>3</sup> cells/ml) in comparison to the group SCC1. Also, the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was significantly higher with increasing SCC (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the presented results showed that the high SCC was caused by the presence of the pathogen in milk. Thus SCC < 200 000 cells/ml and leukocyte subpopulation, especially PMNs, could be considered as important tools in udder health programs applied in dairy ewes.

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Evolution and factors influencing somatic cell count in raw milk from farms in Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v39i4.35364 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 393

Author(s):

Leonardo Cotta Quintão ◽

Adriano França da Cunha ◽

Lindomar José Bragança ◽

Kamila Soares Coelho ◽

Mariana Fonseca Nunes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

The Mean ◽

Structured Questionnaire

The somatic cell count (SCC) of refrigerated raw milk reflects the occurrence of mastitis in the herd and the management of rural property. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the SCC of the refrigerated raw milk and its determinant factors in dairy properties of Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais. Monthly, milk samples were taken from 44 cooling tanks during 2012. A structured questionnaire was applied to evaluate the production and management characteristics of the herds. There was a significant variation (p < 0.05) in the mean SCC of the milk, which was lower from June to August. Higher mean SCC and percentages of samples above the limit set by the legislation were observed in months of higher rainfall and ambient temperature (p < 0.05). Mechanical milking, lower milk yield, productivity, inadequate milking procedures, equipment hygiene, and water quality were all factors that influenced (p < 0.05) the SCC of raw refrigerated milk. Milker training is required for production of low SCC milk.

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Relationship of Somatic Cell Count and Total Sulfhydryls in Milk

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-49.2.110 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 110-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

DANIEL R. SAMPLES ◽

SUSAN L. DILL ◽

RONALD L. RICHTER ◽

CHARLES W. DILL

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Cell Concentration ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Milk Samples ◽

The Mean ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Individual milk samples from 32 cows were analyzed to determine the relationship between somatic cell concentration and total sulfhydryl concentration (cysteine plus reduced cystine). A significant relationship was detected between somatic cell count, which ranged from 1.7 × 104 to 1.0 × 107 cells/ml, and total sulfhydryls per gram of milk protein. The regression equation, total sulfhydryls/g of milk protein = 31.96 + 7.99 (log10 somatic cell count) with r2 = 0.19, was calculated. The mean total sulfhydryl concentration was 73.1 μmol/g of protein. The minimal effect of somatic cell concentration on total sulfhydryl concentration indicates that somatic cell concentration should have little influence on chemical parameters of milk protein determined by sulfhydryl analysis when proper experimental controls are used.

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Haptoglobin and serum amyloid A in relation to the somatic cell count in quarter, cow composite and bulk tank milk samples

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029906002305 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 198-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Maria Åkerstedt ◽

Karin Persson Waller ◽

Åse Sternesjö

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Bulk Tank Milk ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Bulk Tank

Milk somatic cell count (SCC) is the gold standard in diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, and is also an important parameter in quality programmes of dairy cooperatives. As routine SCC analysis is usually restricted to central laboratories, much effort has been invested in the search for alternative biomarkers of mastitis and milk quality, including the presence in the milk of the acute phase proteins (APP), haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA). The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between Hp, SAA and SCC in quarter, cow composite, and bulk tank milk samples. Cows (n=165), without any clinical signs of disease or abnormalities in the milk or udder, from three different dairy farms, were used. Cow composite milk samples from all cows delivering milk at the sampling occasion were taken once in each herd. In one of the farms, representative quarter milk samples (n=103) from 26 cows were also collected. In addition, bulk tank milk samples from 96 dairy farms were included in the study. Samples were analysed for Hp, SAA and SCC, and relationships between the parameters were evaluated at quarter, cow and tank milk levels using Chi-square analysis. Milk samples were categorized according to their SCC, and the presence, or no presence, of SAA and Hp, based on the detection limits of the screening methods (0·3 mg/l and 1·0 mg/l for SAA and Hp, respectively). Hp and SAA were found in milk at quarter, cow composite and bulk tank levels. A large proportion (53%) of the animals had detectable milk concentrations of APP, and SAA was detected more frequently, and at higher concentrations than Hp, regardless of sample type. SAA was detected in as many as 82% of the bulk tank milk samples. Significant relationships were found between Hp, SAA and SCC at quarter and cow composite milk levels, but only between SAA and SCC at bulk tank milk level. Detectable levels of APP were more common at high SCC.

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