scholarly journals The contrasting effects of genome size, chromosome number and ploidy level on plant invasiveness: a global analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 697-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maharaj K. Pandit ◽  
Steven M. White ◽  
Michael J. O. Pocock
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Plant Invasiveness

scholarly journals Genome Size, Chromosome Number and Morphological Data Reveal Unexpected Infraspecific Variability in Festuca (Poaceae)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 906
Author(s):  
Gloria Martínez-Sagarra ◽  
Sílvia Castro ◽  
Lucie Mota ◽  
João Loureiro ◽  
Juan A. Devesa
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Chromosome Counting ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
2C Dna Content ◽  
Number Counts ◽  
First Time ◽  
Evolutionary Role

Polyploidy has played an important evolutionary role in the genus Festuca (Poaceae), and several ploidy levels (ranging from 2n = 2x = 14 to 2n = 12x = 84) have been detected to date. This study aimed to estimate the genome size and ploidy level of two subspecies belonging to the F. yvesii polyploid complex by flow cytometry and chromosome counting. The phenotypic variation of the cytotypes was also explored, based on herbarium material. The genome size of F. yvesii subsp. lagascae has been estimated for the first time. Nuclear 2C DNA content of F. yvesii subsp. summilusitana ranged from 21.44 to 31.91 pg, while that of F. yvesii subsp. lagascae was from 13.60 to 22.31 pg. We report the highest ploidy level detected for Festuca (2n = 14x = 98) and previously unknown cytotypes. A positive correlation between holoploid genome size and chromosome number counts shown herein was confirmed. The morphometric approach showed a slight trend towards an increase in the size of some organs consistent with the variation in the ploidy level. Differences in characters were usually significant only among the most extreme cytotypes of each subspecies, but, even in this case, the high overlapping ranges prevent their distinction.

scholarly journals Ploidy Level, Karyotype, and Genome Size of Bletilla Species (Orchidaceae) From China

HortScience ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Lulu Yang ◽  
Yanjun Zhang ◽  
Qiong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Asymmetry Coefficient ◽  
Bletilla Striata ◽  
Positive Correlation

Bletilla is an Orchidaceae genus with high medical value, including detumescence, antibacterial, and hemostasis. In this study, detailed estimates of ploidy level, karyotype, and genome size were first obtained, and a comprehensive cytological analysis was carried out to better understand the evolution of the genus. The karyotypes of Bletilla were mainly composed of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes with lengths ranging from 1.25 to 4.93 μm. There was moderate cytological variation in Bletilla (chromosome number 2n = 32 to 76). Diploid with 2n = 34 and 2n = 36 was detected in Bletilla ochracea and Bletilla formosana, respectively, whereas diploid (2n = 32) was dominant in Bletilla striata, dysploidy (2n = 34, 2n = 36) and polyploid (2n = 48, 51, 64, 76) variations were also observed. Three species had a relatively symmetric karyotype, and which of B. ochracea was more asymmetry. The genome size (1C-values) varied from 2.94 pg (B. striata) to 3.33 pg (B. ochracea), of which B. ochracea was significantly larger than the others (P < 0.05). A positive correlation (P < 0.01) between 1Cx vs. haploid chromosome length (HCL) and asymmetry coefficient of karyotypes (AsK%) was observed.

WIDE VARIATION IN PLOIDY LEVEL AND GENOME SIZE IN A NEW ZEALAND FRESHWATER SNAIL WITH COEXISTING SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL LINEAGES

Evolution ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 3202-3216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurine Neiman ◽  
Dorota Paczesniak ◽  
Deanna M. Soper ◽  
Austin T. Baldwin ◽  
Gery Hehman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Freshwater Snail

scholarly journals Genome size versus geographic range size in birds

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10868
Author(s):  
Beata Grzywacz ◽  
Piotr Skórka
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Generalized Least Squares ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Brain Mass ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates

Why do some species occur in small, restricted areas, while others are distributed globally? Environmental heterogeneity increases with area and so does the number of species. Hence, diverse biotic and abiotic conditions across large ranges may lead to specific adaptations that are often linked to a species’ genome size and chromosome number. Therefore, a positive association between genome size and geographic range is anticipated. Moreover, high cognitive ability in organisms would be favored by natural selection to cope with the dynamic conditions within large geographic ranges. Here, we tested these hypotheses in birds—the most mobile terrestrial vertebrates—and accounted for the effects of various confounding variables, such as body mass, relative brain mass, and geographic latitude. Using phylogenetic generalized least squares and phylogenetic confirmatory path analysis, we demonstrated that range size is positively associated with bird genome size but probably not with chromosome number. Moreover, relative brain mass had no effect on range size, whereas body mass had a possible weak and negative effect, and range size was larger at higher geographic latitudes. However, our models did not fully explain the overall variation in range size. Hence, natural selection may impose larger genomes in birds with larger geographic ranges, although there may be additional explanations for this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Ploidy, Relative Genome Size, and Inheritance of Spotted Foliage in Aucuba Species (Garryaceae)

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1271-1274
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Ranney ◽  
Tracy H. Thomasson ◽  
Kristin Neill ◽  
Nathan P. Lynch ◽  
Mark Weathington
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Discrete Groups ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Leaf Variegation ◽  
Evergreen Shrubs

Aucuba have been cultivated for centuries and are valued as adaptable, broad-leaved, evergreen shrubs that also can have attractive, spotted variegations on the foliage. Improved understanding of the cytogenetics and heritability of specific traits, for specific clones and cultivars, can provide basic information to help facilitate the breeding and improvement of aucuba. The objectives of this study were to determine ploidy level and relative genome size of a diverse collection of species and cultivars of aucuba using flow cytometry and cytology and to make additional observations on heritability of spotted leaf variegation. Chromosome counts were 2n = 2x = 16 for Aucuba chinensis (A. omeiensis), 2n = 4x = 32 for A. japonica ‘Rozannie’, and 2n = 6x = 48 for A. sp. ‘Hosoba’. Relative 2C genome size for the 57 taxa varied from 13.8 pg for A. obcordata to 42.0 pg for A. ‘Hosoba’ and fell within three discrete groups consistent with cytotype. Genome size for diploid taxa (A. chinensis and A. obcordata) ranged from 13.8 to 21.0 pg, tetraploids (A. himalaica var. oblanceolata, A. japonica, and A. japonica var. borealis) ranged from 28.8 to 31.2 pg, and the first-ever reported hexaploids (A. ‘Hosoba’ and A. sp. – Vietnam) ranged from 40.5 to 42.0 pg. Unlike prior reports that indicated inheritance of spotted variegations were extranuclear genes that were maternally inherited, we found that the spotted leaf trait expressed in A. japonica ‘Shilpot’ appears to be a nuclear gene that is inherited in a quantitative fashion and not strictly maternal. These data provide an enhanced foundation for breeding improved aucuba.

Psidium guajava L.: taxonomy, relatives and possible origin.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Leslie R. Landrum
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Species Complexes

Abstract This chapter focuses on the taxonomy and geography of guava (Psidium guajava). Information is given on geography, morphological characteristics, chromosome number and genome size, phytochemistry and medicinal uses, closest relatives, and keys to species complexes.

Chromosome studies on African plants. 9. Chromosome numbers in Ehrharta (Poaceae: Ehrharteae)

Bothalia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Spies ◽  
E. J. L. Saayman ◽  
S. P. Voges ◽  
G. Davidse
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
African Plants ◽  
First Time

Cytogenetic studies of 53 specimens of 14 species of the genus  Ehrharta Thunb. confirmed a basic chromosome number of 12 for the genus. Chromosome numbers for 13 species are described for the first time. The highest ploidy level yet observed in the genus (2n = lOx = 120) is reported for E. villosa var.  villosa. B chromosomes were observed in several specimens of four different species.

A new species of Acianthera (Pleurothallidinae, Orchidaceae) from Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 402 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
JAN PONERT ◽  
ZUZANA CHUMOVÁ ◽  
TEREZIE MANDÁKOVÁ ◽  
PAVEL TRÁVNÍČEK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Half Length

Acianthera sudae is newly described based on cultivated material from Brazil. It belongs to section Cryptophoranthae and differs from all others in this group by the larger flowers and sepals fused apically for more than half length, and a green-brown abaxial side of sepals with purple dots. Chromosome number (2n = 40) and genome size estimation (1C-value = 1.18 pg) is provided and its phylogenetic placement under the genus is supported with reconstruction of a molecular phylogeny using nuclear ribosomal ITS.

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