scholarly journals Drone‐based physiological index reveals long‐term acclimation and drought stress responses in trees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra D'Odorico ◽  
Leonie Schönbeck ◽  
Valentina Vitali ◽  
Katrin Meusburger ◽  
Marcus Schaub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Index

Current status of microRNA ‐mediated regulation of drought stress responses in cereals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Singroha ◽  
Pradeep Sharma ◽  
Ramanjulu Sunkur
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Current Status

scholarly journals Long-Term Exposure to Nanosized TiO2 Triggers Stress Responses and Cell Death Pathways in Pulmonary Epithelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5349
Author(s):  
Mayes Alswady-Hoff ◽  
Johanna Samulin Erdem ◽  
Santosh Phuyal ◽  
Oskar Knittelfelder ◽  
Animesh Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cell Stress ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Pulmonary Epithelial Cells

There is little in vitro data available on long-term effects of TiO2 exposure. Such data are important for improving the understanding of underlying mechanisms of adverse health effects of TiO2. Here, we exposed pulmonary epithelial cells to two doses (0.96 and 1.92 µg/cm2) of TiO2 for 13 weeks and effects on cell cycle and cell death mechanisms, i.e., apoptosis and autophagy were determined after 4, 8 and 13 weeks of exposure. Changes in telomere length, cellular protein levels and lipid classes were also analyzed at 13 weeks of exposure. We observed that the TiO2 exposure increased the fraction of cells in G1-phase and reduced the fraction of cells in G2-phase, which was accompanied by an increase in the fraction of late apoptotic/necrotic cells. This corresponded with an induced expression of key apoptotic proteins i.e., BAD and BAX, and an accumulation of several lipid classes involved in cellular stress and apoptosis. These findings were further supported by quantitative proteome profiling data showing an increase in proteins involved in cell stress and genomic maintenance pathways following TiO2 exposure. Altogether, we suggest that cell stress response and cell death pathways may be important molecular events in long-term health effects of TiO2.

scholarly journals Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hossain ◽  
Zunaira Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants’ ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm’s role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.

The effect of research activities and winter precipitation on voiding behaviour of Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii)

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickey Agha ◽  
Mason O. Murphy ◽  
Jeffrey E. Lovich ◽  
Joshua R. Ennen ◽  
Christian R. Oldham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Contact Period ◽  
Gopherus Agassizii ◽  
Desert Tortoise ◽  
Defensive Strategy ◽  
Survivorship Analysis ◽  
Research Activities

Context There is little information available on how research activities might cause stress responses in wildlife, especially responses of threatened species such as the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii). Aims The present study aims to detect behavioural effects of researcher handling and winter precipitation on a natural population of desert tortoises in the desert of Southwestern United States, over the period 1997 to 2014, through extensive assessments of capture events during multiple research studies, and capture–mark–recapture survivorship analysis. Methods Juvenile and adult desert tortoises were repeatedly handled with consistent methodology across 18 years during 10 study seasons. Using a generalised linear mixed-effects model, we assessed the effects of both research manipulation and abiotic conditions on probability of voiding. Additionally, we used a Cormack–Jolly–Seber model to assess the effects of winter precipitation and voiding on long-term apparent survivorship. Key results Of 1008 total capture events, voiding was recorded on 83 (8.2%) occasions in 42 different individuals. Our top models indicated that increases in handling time led to significantly higher probabilities of voiding for juveniles, females and males. Similarly, increases in precipitation resulted in significantly higher probabilities of voiding for juveniles and females, but not for males. Tortoise capture frequency was negatively correlated with voiding occurrence. Cormack–Jolly–Seber models demonstrated a weak effect of winter precipitation on survivorship, but a negligible effect for both voiding behaviour and sex. Conclusions Handling-induced voiding by desert tortoises may occur during common research activities and years of above average winter precipitation. Increased likelihood of voiding in individuals with relatively low numbers of recaptures suggested that tortoises may have perceived researchers initially as predators, and therefore voided as a defensive strategy. Voiding does not appear to impact long-term survivorship in desert tortoises at this site. Implications This study has demonstrated that common handling practices on desert tortoise may cause voiding behaviour. These results suggest that in order to minimise undesirable behavioural responses in studied desert tortoise populations, defined procedures or protocols must be followed by the investigators to reduce contact period to the extent feasible.

scholarly journals Toxicological Implications of Platinum Nanoparticle Exposure: Stimulation of Intracellular Stress, Inflammatory Response, and Akt Signaling In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia J. Labrador-Rached ◽  
Rebecca T. Browning ◽  
Laura K. Braydich-Stolle ◽  
Kristen K. Comfort
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Platinum Nanoparticle ◽  
Liver Model ◽  
Dependent Signal ◽  
Cell Functionality

Due to their distinctive physicochemical properties, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have emerged as a material of interest for a number of biomedical therapeutics. However, in some instances NP exposure has been correlated to health and safety concerns, including cytotoxicity, activation of cellular stress, and modification to normal cell functionality. As PtNPs have induced differential cellular responses in vitro, the goal of this study was to further characterize the behavior and toxicological potential of PtNPs within a HepG2 liver model. This study identified that a high PtNP dosage induced HepG2 cytotoxicity. However, lower, subtoxic PtNP concentrations were able to elicit multiple stress responses, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and modulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 dependent signal transduction. Taken together, this work suggests that PtNPs would not be overtly toxic for acute exposures, but sustained cellular interactions might produce long term health consequences.

scholarly journals A Novel WRKY Transcription Factor from Ipomoea trifida, ItfWRKY70, Confers Drought Tolerance in Sweet Potato

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Sifan Sun ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Shaopei Gao ◽  
Nan Nie ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Stomatal Aperture ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Ipomoea Trifida ◽  
Positive Role

WRKY transcription factors are one of the important families in plants, and have important roles in plant growth, abiotic stress responses, and defense regulation. In this study, we isolated a WRKY gene, ItfWRKY70, from the wild relative of sweet potato Ipomoea trifida (H.B.K.) G. Don. This gene was highly expressed in leaf tissue and strongly induced by 20% PEG6000 and 100 μM abscisic acid (ABA). Subcellar localization analyses indicated that ItfWRKY70 was localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of ItfWRKY70 significantly increased drought tolerance in transgenic sweet potato plants. The content of ABA and proline, and the activity of SOD and POD were significantly increased, whereas the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 were decreased in transgenic plants under drought stress. Overexpression of ItfWRKY70 up-regulated the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis, stress-response, ROS-scavenging system, and stomatal aperture in transgenic plants under drought stress. Taken together, these results demonstrated that ItfWRKY70 plays a positive role in drought tolerance by accumulating the content of ABA, regulating stomatal aperture and activating the ROS scavenging system in sweet potato.

scholarly journals Cumulative growth and stress responses to the 2018-2019 drought in a European floodplain forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schnabel ◽  
Sarah Purrucker ◽  
Lara Schmitt ◽  
Rolf A. Engelmann ◽  
Anja Kahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Floodplain Forest ◽  
Central European ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Droughts increasingly threaten the worlds forests and their potential to mitigate climate change. In 2018-2019, Central European forests were hit by two consecutive hotter drought years, an unprecedented phenomenon that is likely to occur more frequently with climate change. Here, we examine trees growth resistance and physiological stress responses (increase in carbon isotope composition; Δδ13C) to this consecutive drought based on tree-rings of dominant tree species in a Central European floodplain forest. Tree growth was not reduced for most species in 2018, indicating that water supply in floodplain forests can partly buffer meteorological water deficits. Drought stress in 2018 was comparable to former single drought years, but the cumulative drought stress in 2019 induced drastic decreases in growth resistance and increases in Δδ13C across all species. Consecutive hotter droughts pose a novel threat to forests under climate change, even in forest ecosystems with high levels of water supply.

scholarly journals Histone Deacetylase Gene SlHDA3 Involves in ABA, Drought and Salt Response in Tomato 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-E Guo
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Histone Deacetylation ◽  
New Members ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
Mda Content

Abstract Histone deacetylation, one of vital modifying factors of post-translation modifications, which is catalyzed by histone deacetylase. The genes of histone deacetylase(HDACs) play critical roles in various stress responses. However, detailed functions for most SlHDAC members in tomato still unknown. In this work, we found that a histone deacetylase, SlHDA3, involved in response to NaCl and drought abiotic stresses. The expression of SlHDA3 was also induced significantly by NaCl, drought stress and endogenous hormone treatments. Silencing of SlHDA3 in tomato, the RNAi transgenic plants presented depressed tolerance to drought and salt stresses compared with WT tomato. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that the length of hypocotyl and roots in RNAi plants were more inhibited by ABA and salt stress than that of WT at post-germination stage. Worse growth status were exhibited in SlHDA3 transgenic plants under salt and drought stress as are evaluated by a series of physiological parameters related to stress responses, such as decreased RWC, survival rate, ABA content, chlorophyll content and CAT activity, and increased MDA content and proline content. Besides, the expressions analysis of transgenic plants showed that the transcripts of genes which associated with responses to abiotic stress were down-regulated under salt-stressed conditions. To sum up, SlHDA3 acts as a stress-responsive gene, plays a role in the positive regulation of abiotic stress tolerance, and may be one of the new members in the engineering breeding of salt- and drought-tolerant tomato.

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