Long-term measurements of chlorophyllafluorescence using the JIP-test show that combined abiotic stresses influence the photosynthetic performance of the perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in a managed temperate grassland

Establishing creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera L. (CBG)] and perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. (PRG)] from seed can be hampered by competition from annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.). Bispyribac-sodium (BPS) is a postemergence annual bluegrass herbicide that may have applications for use when establishing these grasses. This field study was undertaken to determine if BPS could be applied safely to CBG and PRG seedlings. Ethofumesate (ETHO) was applied sequentially (840 + 840 g·ha−1 a.i.) and served as a standard. In 2004, BPS was applied once (49, 74, 111, and 148 g·ha−1 a.i.) or sequentially (49 + 49 and 74 + 74 g·ha−1 a.i.) to CBG and PRG seedlings 4 weeks after emergence in Maryland. In 2004, BPS discolored CBG and PRG and reduced PRG cover, whereas ETHO reduced CBG cover but was not injurious to PRG. In 2005, a single (148 g·ha−1 a.i.) and sequential (25 + 25, 49 + 49 and 74 + 74 g·ha−1 a.i.) applications of BPS were made to CBG and PRG 2 and 4 weeks after seedling emergence (WASE) in Maryland and Connecticut. Treatments applied 2 WASE generally resulted in more injury when compared with applications made 4 WASE. In Maryland in 2005, CBG only sustained long-term loss of cover when treated 2 WASE with 148 g·ha−1 a.i. of BPS. The PRG was more sensitive to BPS and 148 g·ha−1 a.i. applied once and sequential treatments 49 g·ha−1 a.i. or greater applied 2 and 4 WASE generally caused the greatest loss in PRG cover. Conversely, CBG was severely injured by all BPS treatments and ETHO in Connecticut. In PRG, only 25 + 25 g·ha−1 a.i. of BPS and ETHO in both timings did not cause a loss in cover in Connecticut or Maryland. High levels of precipitation and probably other unknown factors may have enhanced the phytotoxicity observed in Connecticut. Ethofumesate generally was safer than BPS for use on PRG seedlings.

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Identifying morphological traits associated with vegetative persistence in the perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivar 'Grasslands Samson'

Journal of New Zealand Grasslands ◽

10.33584/jnzg.2020.82.434 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

pp. 139-147

Author(s):

Jessica R. O'Connor ◽

James R. Crush ◽

Zulfi Jahufer

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Morphological Traits ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Tiller Number ◽

Future Research ◽

Lolium Perenne L ◽

Genetic Shift

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) vegetative persistence (maintained herbage growth and survival without reseeding) is an important economic trait for farmers in New Zealand as it decreases the frequency of reseeding pastures. Vegetative persistence is difficult to breed for due to a lack of long-term trials to observe the complex interactions between plant genotype and the environment. In a long-term trial a genetic shift in the sown cultivar population could occur as individual plants with advantageous traits outcompete other plants and survive. The objectives of our study were to investigate the occurrence of a potential genetic shift in a sample (30 plants) of a persistent population of ‘Grasslands Samson’ perennial ryegrass. Persistent plants were collected from a nine-year-old trial at Poukawa, Hawke's Bay. To identify a genetic shift, these plants were compared to a sample of 30 plants sourced from commercial seed of ‘Grasslands Samson’ representing the original population. This study estimated genotypic variation within and between the populations for eight morphological traits after 10 weeks' growth under glasshouse conditions. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations between the traits were estimated. Results showed that the persistent population had significantly (P<0.05) greater means for tiller number, reproductive tiller number, lamina sheath length, and dry weight. Future research studying these traits across farm environments would further understanding of their roles in vegetative persistence of ryegrass.

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Growth patterns of bacterial communities in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in long-term pasture

Applied Soil Ecology ◽

10.1016/s0929-1393(97)00015-2 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 293-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

S.U. Sarathchandra ◽

G. Burch ◽

N.R. Cox

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

White Clover ◽

Trifolium Repens ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Lolium Perenne L ◽

Trifolium Repens L

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Inheritance of heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, Poaceae): evidence from progeny array analysis

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11782

Author(s):

Wagdi S. Soliman ◽

Ahmed M. Abbas ◽

Stephen J. Novak ◽

Masahiro Fujimori ◽

Kazuhiro Tase ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Global Climate ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Photosynthetic Performance ◽

Cool Season ◽

F1 Hybrid ◽

F1 Progeny

Background Heat stress is considered one of the most important environmental factors influencing plant physiology, growth, development, and reproductive output. The occurrence and damage caused by heat stress will likely increase with global climate change. Thus, there is an urgent need to better understand the genetic basis of heat tolerance, especially in cool season plants. Materials and Methods In this study, we assessed the inheritance of heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. subspecies perenne) , a cool season grass, through a comparison of two parental cultivars with their offspring. We crossed plants of a heat tolerant cultivar (Kangaroo Valley) with plants of a heat sensitive cultivar (Norlea), to generate 72 F1 hybrid progeny arrays. Both parents and their progeny were then exposed to heat stress for 40 days, and their photosynthetic performance (Fv/Fm values) and leaf H2O2 content were measured. Results As expected, Kangaroo Valley had significantly higher Fv/Fm values and significantly lower H2O2 concentrations than Norlea. For the F1 progeny arrays, values of Fv/Fm decreased gradually with increasing exposure to heat stress, while the content of H2O 2 increased. The progeny had a wide distribution of Fv/Fm and H 2O2 values at 40 days of heat stress. Approximately 95% of the 72 F1 progeny arrays had Fv/Fm values that were equal to or intermediate to the values of the two parental cultivars and 68% of the progeny arrays had H2O2 concentrations equal to or intermediate to their two parents. Conclusion Results of this study indicate considerable additive genetic variation for heat tolerance among the 72 progeny arrays generated from these crosses, and such diversity can be used to improve heat tolerance in perennial ryegrass cultivars. Our findings point to the benefits of combining physiological measurements within a genetic framework to assess the inheritance of heat tolerance, a complex plant response.

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Evaluation of photosynthetic performance and carbon isotope discrimination in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) under allelochemicals stress

Ecotoxicology ◽

10.1007/s10646-017-1794-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (5) ◽

pp. 613-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. Iftikhar Hussain ◽

Manuel J. Reigosa

Keyword(s):

Carbon Isotope ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽

Photosynthetic Performance ◽

Lolium Perenne L ◽

Isotope Discrimination

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EVALUATION OF FOUR PERENNIAL RYEGRASS CULTIVARS IN NEW ZEALAND

Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association ◽

10.33584/jnzg.1987.48.1797 ◽

1987 ◽

pp. 137-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G.A. Kerr

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Yielding Ability ◽

Low Level ◽

Dry Areas ◽

Large Plot ◽

Sowing Seed

Four perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivars have been evaluated at a range of summer-autumn drought prone sites in New Zealand. Evaluation has been carried out at seven repllcated large plot grazing trials sown with clover and one trial without clover evaluated under mowing. The cultivars with a low level of lolium endophyte (Acremonium loliae) infection, Ruanui and the majority of Nui lines, have displayed poor persistence. In summer-autumn dry areas, sowing seed with a high endophyte content appears the only alternative to obtain a persistent perennial ryegrass pasture. Within the high endophyte cultivars (Yatsyn 1, Ellett and some Nui lines), Yatsyn 1 has performed consistently well in terms of long term yielding ability, indicating persistence. Keywords: Lolium perenne, endophyte (Acremonium loliae), annual yields, seasonal yields, Ruanui, Nui, Ellett, Yatsyn 1.

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Stable transformation and long-term expression of the gusA reporter gene in callus lines of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Plant Molecular Biology ◽

10.1007/bf00020178 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 401-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Heleen M. van der Maas ◽

Eliza R. de Jong ◽

Saskia Rueb ◽

Lambert A. M. Hensgens ◽

Frans A. Krens

Keyword(s):

Reporter Gene ◽

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Stable Transformation ◽

Lolium Perenne L ◽

Gusa Reporter Gene ◽

Callus Lines

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Soil seed bank under variegated thistle does not explain thistle dominance

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2018.71.181 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 51-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Trevor K. James ◽

Katherine N. Tozer

Keyword(s):

Lolium Perenne ◽

Perennial Ryegrass ◽

Seed Bank ◽

Soil Seed Bank ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Silybum Marianum ◽

Weed Species ◽

Hill Country ◽

Preferred Species

Variegated thistle (Silybum marianum) is a large, spiny annual that often forms dense monospecific communities on dry ridges and sunny hillslopes. The owner of a typical Poverty Bay hill-country farm with persistent variegated-thistle infestations reported that winter applications of herbicide were ineffectual in the long term as more variegated thistles simply recolonised the sprayed sites. An absence of preferred species, particularly perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and legumes (Lotus and Trifolium spp.), in the soil seed bank under dense thistle populations may explain the persistence of these monospecific populations. To test this hypothesis, soil samples were collected from a dense and sparse variegated-thistle population in each of seven paddocks and incubated in a glasshouse. Emerged seedlings were identified and counted. The incubation was repeated three times. Total soil seed numbers were similar under both the dense and sparse populations with similar numbers of preferred legumes under both. However, there were significantly more perennial ryegrass seeds under the dense variegated-thistle populations compared with the sparse ones. Domination of thistles in densely infested patches was not due to lack of preferred species, or indeed other weed species, in the soil seed bank.

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