Punctuated equilibrium in multilevel contexts: How federal and state level forces feedback into shaping the local policy agenda in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Meza
Keyword(s):  
Punctuated Equilibrium ◽  
State Level ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Local Policy

Local Fiscal Behavior Under Subnational Provisions

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilin Hou
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Local Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Interactions ◽  
Local Finance ◽  
Fiscal Behavior ◽  
State And Local

Abstract This study examines fiscal policy interactions between state and local governments. Research in this area has been increasing but remains inadequate, especially on local policy options during economic downturns. State governments oversee local finances, also provide financial assistance; localities are expected to adopt counter-cyclical fiscal policies (CCFP). There has been an increasing literature on CCFP at the state level, but little on the local level. This paper uses U.S. county data for empirical analysis and attempts to move closer to consensus on the determinants of local savings and their effects on outlays. I find no evidence that localities smooth across boom-bust cycles; i.e., they do not save for revenue shortfalls. I find that state fiscal institutions cast real impact on local finance. These shed light on local policy making, also add to existing evidence for subnational policy design.

Universal Pre-Kindergarten: Supporting High Quality and Broad Access at a Time of Federal Disengagement and “School Choice”

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Gomez-Velez
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Federal Policy ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Goal ◽  
High Quality ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Impact

At the turn of the twenty-first century, public universal pre-kindergarten (UPK) gained momentum across the United States as a widely popular public policy goal. More recently, however, implementing high-quality UPK has been hampered by federal disengagement from the issue, fiscal constraints, and conflicting state policy approaches. This chapter examines the growth of UPK as an important policy goal on the federal and state levels; the impact of the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) and a new presidential administration on federal policy disengagement from the issue; and varying degrees of state fiscal support and state and local policy approaches in thwarting the full realization of UPK’s promise. This examination notes the urgent need for a policy focus on the equitable delivery of high-quality programs if UPK is to improve future educational outcomes and help close opportunity gaps. Universal access will not achieve pre-kindergarten’s benefits without high-quality programming. If universal pre-kindergarten’s promise is to be achieved, the federal and state governments must work in tandem to ensure that all children, starting with those most in need of early education, have access to high-quality, age-appropriate UPK. Because ESSA limits federal policy prescriptions, advocacy must focus on the state level, using evidence-based lessons from research and experience.

Understanding the Impacts of Local Policies on Distributed Photovoltaic Market Development

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Doris ◽  
Sarah Booth ◽  
Joseph Chavez ◽  
Vitaliy Krasko ◽  
Sherry Stout
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
State Level ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Policy Environments ◽  
National Market ◽  
Policy Impacts ◽  
Local Policies

A growing body of literature discusses the impacts of state-level policies on the development of distributed photovoltaic (PV) markets both in the implementing jurisdictions and spilling into others. Localities (municipalities and counties) are also increasing their involvement in policy development to support clean energy markets. There is a barrier to knowing the impacts of the policies within a jurisdiction as well as how the patchwork of local policies interacts to contribute to national PV market developments. This barrier can result in an inability for localities to implement effective and efficient local policies. This paper aims to reduce this barrier by (1) summarizing local activities related to solar in 151 localities as a means of determining trends in local PV policy action, (2) looking critically at several local policy environments in two states to determine if successful policy strategies or interesting observations warrant further investigation on the impacts of local policy, and (3) outlining the challenges of and opportunities for developing improved data for supporting an understanding of local policy impacts on the national market.

Right-Wing Populism, the Corporate Attack on Working Americans, and the Labor Movement’s Response

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Gordon Lafer
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
State Level ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
The Political ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Democratic Deliberation ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Right Wing Populism ◽  
The Right

This chapter argues that the problem is a corporate assault, driven not by ideology but rather by business's self-interest. Here, business as a whole participates. This chapter shows that the most dangerous antidemocratic actions and policies are supported by a large majority of corporate actors. When so-called ideologues like the Koch brothers encounter a conflict between their ideology and their self-interest, self-interest wins. The chapter argues that this corporate assault has transformed the political process at the state level and restricted the scope of democratic deliberation. It underscores how the corporate agenda is at odds with what a majority of voters want. Even in states that voted for Trump, evidence shows that the right has been unable to convince voters to support its policy agenda. Indeed, this working-class resistance and support for progressive issues provides hope that organized opposition based on issues can defeat the corporate agenda.

Sovereignty Renewed

2019 ◽  
pp. 199-220
Author(s):  
Timothy LeGrand
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
State Level ◽  
Policy Networks ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Do So

Public policy is increasingly confounded by transnational policy challenges. The proliferation of global policy dilemmas—climate change, migration, terrorism, economic instability, and so on—diminishes state-level officials’ capacity to deliver local policy outcomes without some form of international collaboration. Yet it is becoming increasingly apparent that international organizations are not always equipped, politically or organizationally, to offer the necessary collaborative mechanisms to tackle many of these challenges. This chapter explores this emergent ‘global–local dilemma’ and questions how policy officials reconcile international and domestic imperatives in managing modern transnational policy challenges. To do so, this chapter examines the rise of transnational policy networks in the Anglosphere. Using interview and policy data, the concerted efforts of Anglosphere civil servants to overcome the global–local dilemma through collaboration and cooperation is revealed, through which insights are generated into how domestic officials interact in the international domain.

City Profile: Dhaka, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpi Roy ◽  
Tanjil Sowgat ◽  
Jhuma Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
City Government ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Spatial Expansion ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Urban Primacy ◽  
Growth Planning ◽  
The City

Despite numerous complex urban challenges, Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is rapidly growing in terms of both population and extent. This profile captures that unplanned and spontaneous urbanization of Dhaka, which resulted in haphazard spatial expansion and transformation. Its unstable urban primacy is the result of high concentration of administrative activities, jobs and services in this city. Results of unsustainable growth are reflected in the socio-spatial divisions and high-density urban living. The current urban growth has created a strain on housing, urban services, health and education services and facilities, and they, in turn, are severely damaging the sustainability of the natural and built environment. The city requires policies for decentralisation of activities rather than pro-growth planning. An integrated national and local policy agenda and an active city government are crucial for tackling the multidimensional crisis of Dhaka.

scholarly journals "It's Not a Gotcha": Interpreting Teacher Evaluation Policy in Rural School District

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane F. Gilles
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
School Districts ◽  
State Level ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Rural School Districts ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Evaluation Policy ◽  
Policy Actors ◽  
Teacher Evaluation Policy ◽  
Evaluation Policies

This multi-case study explored how local policy actors in rural school districts interpreted new teacher evaluation policies and how state-level policy actors influenced local policy responses. In the first phase of the study, teachers and administrators in four rural school districts in two U.S. states were interviewed about new state teacher evaluation policies and their own local efforts to meet policy demands, while the study’s second phase investigated the work of state-level policy actors. Shedding light on the realities of tackling reform mandates in rural schools, the study finds that teacher evaluation policy efforts are challenged by the tension between the formative and summative purposes of teacher evaluation, that teacher evaluation policies allowing local control in system design require a significant commitment at the local level, that local actors rely on and value the work of policy intermediaries, and that interpreting teacher evaluation policy and planning for implementation can be particularly challenging in small rural school districts.

The Koch Network’s Long Game and Its Implications for Progressive Organizing

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Nancy MacLean
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Think Tanks ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Connected Network ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The Right

This chapter takes a long view of the emergence of libertarian ideology and the development of the Far Right. It argues that it is these ideas, promoted through a deep, broad, densely connected network of right-wing think tanks, foundations, and sponsored academics, that have driven an ideological agenda. In this way, these parties weaponized these ideas and deployed a series of policy initiatives at the state level. The chapter argues that the right knew early on that voters would reject their policy agenda, which would benefit only a minority of citizens. Consequently, right-wing activists pushed a stealth campaign of incremental changes that obscured the true motives of their radical agenda. Their goal, as the chapter suggests, was to turn America back to the way it looked in 1900—a nation without workers' rights, without public regulation, run by business-dominated government institutions free of democratic accountability.

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