Effectiveness of triploidy as a management tool for reproductive containment of farmed fish: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a case study

We compared morphometry and total swimming costs of wild, farmed (first-generation hatchery progeny of wild progenitors) and domesticated (seventh-generation progeny of the Norwegian aquaculture strain) juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Respirometry experiments were performed to assess total swimming costs of fish ranging in size from 4.0 to 16.1 g wet mass at a water temperature of 15 °C. Fish were subjected to flow conditions of low and high turbulence. Total swimming costs increased significantly with intensity of turbulence and were, on average, 1.4 times higher at high than at low turbulence. Total swimming costs were 2.4- to 4.0-fold higher than predicted by forced swimming models developed under conditions that minimize flow heterogeneity. Total swimming costs of wild and farmed fish were not statistically different (average difference = 6.7%). Hence, swimming costs models developed using farmed fish may be used to estimate swimming costs of wild fish. However, domesticated fish had total swimming costs 12.0% to 29.2% higher than farmed or wild fish. This may be related to domesticated fish having deeper bodies and smaller fins.

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Classical individual assignments versus mixture modeling to estimate stock proportions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) catches from DNA microsatellite data

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f05-128 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (9) ◽

pp. 2143-2158 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Marja-Liisa Koljonen ◽

Jerome J Pella ◽

Michele Masuda

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Mixture Modeling ◽

Estimation Methods ◽

Microsatellite Data ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽

The Baltic ◽

Dna Microsatellite

Mixture modeling is shown to outperform classical individual assignments for both estimating stock composition and identifying individuals' sources in a case study of an eight-locus DNA microsatellite database from 26 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) stocks of the Baltic Sea. Performance of the estimation methods was compared using self-assignment tests applied to each of the baseline samples and using independent repeat samples from two of the baseline stocks. The different theoretical underpinnings, hypothesis testing versus decision theory, of the methods explain their estimation capacities. In addition, actual catch samples from three northern Baltic Sea sites in 2000 were analysed by mixture modeling, and estimated compositions were consistent with previous knowledge. Baltic main basin and Gulf of Finland stocks were each minor components (<1% at any site), and three groups of Gulf of Bothnia stocks, wild (36%43% among sites), Finnish hatchery (15%49%), and Swedish hatchery (11%41%), were each important with the two hatchery contributions trending geographically.

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An Update on the Content of Fatty Acids, Dioxins, PCBs and Heavy Metals in Farmed, Escaped and Wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9121901 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1901

Author(s):

Ida-Johanne Jensen ◽

Karl-Erik Eilertsen ◽

Carina Helen Almli Otnæs ◽

Hanne K. Mæhre ◽

Edel Oddny Elvevoll

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Atlantic Salmon ◽

Salmo Salar ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Farmed Fish ◽

Wild Salmon ◽

Farmed Salmon ◽

Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

In this paper, we present updated data on proximate composition, amino acid, and fatty acid composition, as well as concentrations of dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and selected heavy metals, in fillets from farmed (n = 20), escaped (n = 17), and wild (n = 23) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). The concentrations of dioxins (0.53 ± 0.12 pg toxic equivalents (TEQ)/g), dioxin-like PCBs (0.95 ± 0.48 pg TEQ/g), mercury (56.3 ± 12.9 µg/kg) and arsenic (2.56 ± 0.87 mg/kg) were three times higher in wild compared to farmed salmon, but all well below EU-uniform maximum levels for contaminants in food. The six ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) PCBs concentrations (5.09 ± 0.83 ng/g) in wild salmon were higher than in the farmed fish (3.34 ± 0.46 ng/g). The protein content was slightly higher in wild salmon (16%) compared to the farmed fish (15%), and the amount of essential amino acids were similar. The fat content of farmed salmon (18%) was three times that of the wild fish, and the proportion of marine long-chain omega-3 fatty acids was a substantially lower (8.9 vs. 24.1%). The omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio was higher in farmed than wild salmon (0.7 vs. 0.05). Both farmed and wild Atlantic salmon are still valuable sources of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. One 150 g portion per week will contribute to more (2.1 g and 1.8 g) than the recommended weekly intake for adults.

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