Examining the relationship between relative age, competition level, and dropout rates in male youth ice-hockey players

The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy expenditure and heart rate responses elicited in elite male midget ice hockey players during small-sided games. Nine players (aged 15.89 ± 0.33 years) participated in the study. Maximal progressive treadmill testing in the laboratory measured the relationship of oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) to heart rate before on-ice assessments of heart rate during six different small-sided games: 1v1, 2v2, 2v2 with support player, 3v3 with support player, 3v3 with transitions, and 4v4 with two support players. Heart rate was recorded continuously in each game. 3v3 T small-sided game was the most intense for all four intensity markers. All six small-sided games reached 89% HRmax or more with heart rate peaks in active effort repetition. These findings demonstrate that such small-sided games are considered as high intensity games and are an effective training method for ice hockey players.

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Youth Developmental Experiences Among Female Hockey Players: The Role of Relative Age

Journal of Youth Development ◽

10.5195/jyd.2019.806 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 83-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Chittle ◽

Jess C. Dixon ◽

Sean Horton

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Skills ◽

Online Survey ◽

Sport Participation ◽

Ice Hockey ◽

Developmental Experiences ◽

Relative Age ◽

Hockey Players ◽

Wilks Lambda ◽

Experience Survey ◽

The Impact

Relative age differences can lead to varying sport participation opportunities; however, scant research has focused on the impact of relative age on experiences within sport. This study explored if youth developmental experiences differed by relative age among competitive female ice hockey players. Players within Ontario (n = 264) completed an online survey that contained the Youth Experience Survey for Sport (YES-S) along with additional demographic questions. The YES-S measures 5 dimensions of positive (i.e., personal and social skills, cognitive skills, goal setting, and initiative) and negative developmental experiences in sport. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) suggested that the developmental experiences reported by athletes did not differ across birth quartiles (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.940, F (15, 707.105) = 1.061, p = .390). Although there was a relative age effect (RAE) trend within this sample of competitive female ice hockey players, the differences across birth quartiles were not statistically significant. It appears that relative age does not result in youth having different positive and negative sporting experiences. Exploring the characteristics of sport environments (e.g., coaches, practices) and personality traits of competitive athletes to better understand how relatively younger athletes continue their participation in sport despite being at a perceived disadvantage warrants further investigation.

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Investigating the relationship between the relative age effect and leadership behaviors among male ice hockey players

International Review for the Sociology of Sport ◽

10.1177/1012690215616271 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 751-768

Author(s):

Laura Chittle ◽

Sean Horton ◽

Patricia Weir ◽

Jess C Dixon

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Leadership Behaviors ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Ice Hockey ◽

Relative Age ◽

Relative Age Effect ◽

Hockey Players ◽

Weight Analysis ◽

Male House

This study examined the role of relative age on leadership behaviors among male house league ice hockey players. Athletes completed an online survey that solicited their birthdate along with their responses to the leadership scale for sport. As expected, the results of our analyses revealed no relative age effects. Captains scored significantly higher on the training and instruction, democratic behavior and social support dimensions of the leadership scale for sport. While there were significant multivariate differences between birth quartile and the dimensions of leadership, a relative weight analysis revealed that quartile of birth did not differ significantly on any of these dimensions. Thus, male house league hockey players are not (dis)advantaged in terms of their leadership behaviors as a consequence of relative age.

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Relative Age Effects in Women’s Ice Hockey: Contributions of Body Size and Maturity Status

Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal ◽

10.1123/wspaj.2017-0034 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 124-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christina A. Geithner ◽

Claire E. Molenaar ◽

Tommy Henriksson ◽

Anncristine Fjellman-Wiklund ◽

Kajsa Gilenstam

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Population Data ◽

Age Effects ◽

Ice Hockey ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Chi Square ◽

Relative Age ◽

Hockey Players

Research on relative age effects (RAEs) in women’s ice hockey is lacking data on participant characteristics, particularly body size and maturity status. The purposes of our study were to investigate RAEs in women’s ice hockey players from two countries, and to determine whether RAE patterns could be explained by chronological age, body size, and maturity status. Participants were 54 Swedish elite and 63 Canadian university players. Birthdates were coded by quartiles (Q1–Q4). Weight and height were obtained, and body mass index and chronological age were calculated for each player. Players recalled age at menarche, and maturity status was classified as early, average, or late relative to population-specific means. Chi-square (χ2), odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and effect sizes (Cohen’sw) were calculated using population data across quartiles and for pairwise comparisons between quartiles. Descriptive statistics and MANOVAs were run by quartile and by country. Significant RAEs were found for Canadian players across quartiles (p < .05), along with a Q2 phenomenon (Q2: Q3, Q2: Q4,p < .05). Swedish players were overrepresented in Q3 (Q3: Q4,p < .05). Q4 was significantly underrepresented in both countries (p < .05). The oldest, earliest maturing, and shortest players in both countries were clustered in Q2, whereas the next oldest and latest maturing Swedish players were found in Q3. Age, physical factors, and interactions may contribute to overrepresentations in Q2 and Q3. These findings do not suggest the same bias for greater relative age and maturity found in male ice hockey.

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TRAINING VOLUME AND CONCUSSION RISK IN MALE YOUTH ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS: A PRIMARY PREVENTION PERSPECTIVE

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.40 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 299.1-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tracy Blake ◽

Kerry MacDonald ◽

Luz Palacios-Derflingher ◽

Carolyn Emery

Keyword(s):

Primary Prevention ◽

Ice Hockey ◽

Training Volume ◽

Male Youth ◽

Hockey Players

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An Investigation into the Relationship between Ice Hockey Participation and Delinquency

Sociology of Sport Journal ◽

10.1123/ssj.2.4.281 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 281-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jeffrey Segrave ◽

Claude Moreau ◽

Douglas N. Hastad

Keyword(s):

Physical Violence ◽

Ice Hockey ◽

Self Report ◽

Differential Association ◽

Minor League ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hockey Players ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between participation in minor league Canadian ice hockey and delinquency. Specifically, the study sought to compare the extent of delinquency among ice hockey players and nonathletes, and to examine the relationship between ice hockey participation and delinquency on the basis of a group of sociopsychological variables. The sample of ice hockey players was taken from the Montreal midget minor ice hockey league (15 to 16 years of age) and was further subdivided into local, inter-city, and provincial players. Delinquency was classified by type of offense, namely drugs, theft, physical violence, and vandalism. Data were obtained from anonymous, self-report questionnaires. The results indicated no significant difference in total delinquency between ice hockey players and nonathletes. However, when delinquency was categorized by type, ice hockey players reported more delinquency of a physically violent nature than nonathletes. The results also showed a differential association between a variety of sociopsychological variables and delinquency among ice hockey players and nonathletes

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Goal Orientations, Perceptions of Aggression, and Sportspersonship in Elite Male Youth Ice Hockey Players

The Sport Psychologist ◽

10.1123/tsp.13.2.183 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 183-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

John G.H. Dunn ◽

Janice Causgrove Dunn

Keyword(s):

Goal Orientation ◽

Goal Orientations ◽

Ice Hockey ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Goal Theory ◽

Task Orientation ◽

Aggressive Behaviors ◽

Male Youth ◽

Hockey Players ◽

Ego Orientation

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between goal orientations, perceptions of athletic aggression, and sportspersonship among elite male youth ice hockey players (M age = 13.08 years). Athletes (N = 171) completed questionnaires to assess their goal orientations, attitudes toward directing aggressive behaviors during competition, and non-aggression-related sportspersonship. In accordance with Vallerand, Deshaies, Cuerrier, Brière, and Pelletier (1996), sportspersonship was conceptualized as a five-dimensional construct. Multiple regression analyses revealed that high ego-oriented athletes were more inclined to approve of aggressive behaviors than those with low ego orientation. Players with higher levels of task orientation (rather than low task orientation) had higher sportspersonship levels on three dimensions. An analysis of goal orientation patterns revealed that regardless of ego orientation, low (compared to high) task orientation was more motivationally detrimental to several sportspersonship dimensions. The practical implications of these results are discussed in the context of Nicholls’s (1989) achievement goal theory.

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