scholarly journals Youth Developmental Experiences Among Female Hockey Players: The Role of Relative Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Chittle ◽  
Jess C. Dixon ◽  
Sean Horton
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Developmental Experiences ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Wilks Lambda ◽  
Experience Survey ◽  
The Impact

Relative age differences can lead to varying sport participation opportunities; however, scant research has focused on the impact of relative age on experiences within sport. This study explored if youth developmental experiences differed by relative age among competitive female ice hockey players. Players within Ontario (n = 264) completed an online survey that contained the Youth Experience Survey for Sport (YES-S) along with additional demographic questions. The YES-S measures 5 dimensions of positive (i.e., personal and social skills, cognitive skills, goal setting, and initiative) and negative developmental experiences in sport. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) suggested that the developmental experiences reported by athletes did not differ across birth quartiles (Wilks’ Lambda = 0.940, F (15, 707.105) = 1.061, p = .390). Although there was a relative age effect (RAE) trend within this sample of competitive female ice hockey players, the differences across birth quartiles were not statistically significant. It appears that relative age does not result in youth having different positive and negative sporting experiences. Exploring the characteristics of sport environments (e.g., coaches, practices) and personality traits of competitive athletes to better understand how relatively younger athletes continue their participation in sport despite being at a perceived disadvantage warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Exploring the relationship between the relative age effect and youth development among male house league ice hockey players

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Chittle ◽  
Sean Horton ◽  
Patti Weir ◽  
Jess Charles Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Developmental Experiences ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
On Line ◽  
Experience Survey ◽  
Male House

The current study examined if relative age influences the youth developmental experiences of male house league ice hockey players. Participants completed an on-line survey that solicited their date of birth and responses to the Youth Experience Survey for Sport (YES-S). Our analysis revealed no relative age effect among the house league hockey players. The MANOVA results revealed no significant multivariate differences between quartile of birth and the five YES-S dimensions (p = .493). It is reassuring that the experiences of the house league ice hockey players in our sample do not differ in their developmental experiences as a consequence of when they were born throughout the selection year.

Investigating the relationship between the relative age effect and leadership behaviors among male ice hockey players

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-768
Author(s):  
Laura Chittle ◽  
Sean Horton ◽  
Patricia Weir ◽  
Jess C Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Leadership Behaviors ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Weight Analysis ◽  
Male House

This study examined the role of relative age on leadership behaviors among male house league ice hockey players. Athletes completed an online survey that solicited their birthdate along with their responses to the leadership scale for sport. As expected, the results of our analyses revealed no relative age effects. Captains scored significantly higher on the training and instruction, democratic behavior and social support dimensions of the leadership scale for sport. While there were significant multivariate differences between birth quartile and the dimensions of leadership, a relative weight analysis revealed that quartile of birth did not differ significantly on any of these dimensions. Thus, male house league hockey players are not (dis)advantaged in terms of their leadership behaviors as a consequence of relative age.

scholarly journals Physical activity and concussion risk in youth ice hockey players: pooled prospective injury surveillance cohorts from Canada

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e022735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy A Blake ◽  
Patricia K Doyle-Baker ◽  
Brian L Brooks ◽  
Luz Palacios-Derflingher ◽  
Carolyn A Emery
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Study Entry ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo examine the association between meeting physical activity (PA) volume recommendations and concussion rates in male ice hockey players aged 11–17 years.DesignPooled prospective injury surveillance cohort data from the 2011–2012, 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 youth ice hockey seasons.ParticipantsMale Alberta-based Pee Wee (aged 11–12 years), Bantam (aged 13–14 years) and Midget (aged 15–17 years) ice hockey players participating in any of the three cohorts were eligible (n=1726). A total of 1208 players were included after the exclusion criteria were applied (ie, players with new/unhealed injuries within 6 weeks of study entry, missing 6-week PA history questionnaires, missing game and/or practice participation exposure hours, players who sustained concussions when no participation exposure hours were collected).Outcome measuresDependent variable: medically diagnosed concussion. Independent variable: whether or not players’ self-reported history of PA (ie, hours of physical education and extracurricular sport participation) met the Canadian Society of Exercise Physiology and Public Health Agency of Canada recommendation of one hour daily during the 6 weeks prior to study entry (ie, 42 hours or more).ResultsThe PA volume recommendations were met by 65.05% of players who subsequently sustained concussions, and 75.34% of players who did not sustain concussions. The concussion incidence rate ratios (IRR) reflect higher concussion rates in players who did not meet the PA volume recommendations vs. players who met the PA volume recommendations among Pee Wee players (IRR 2.94 95% CI 1.30 to 6.64), Bantam players (IRR 2.18, 95% CI 1.21 to 3.93) and non-elite players aged 11–14 years (IRR 2.45, 95% CI 1.33 to 4.51).Conclusion and relevanceThe concussion rate of players who did not meet the Canadian PA volume recommendations was more than twice the concussion rate of players who met recommendations among male Pee Wee players, Bantam players and non-elite level players. Further exploration of the impact of public health PA recommendations in a sport injury prevention context is warranted.

scholarly journals Examining the Role of Relative Age on Leadership Behaviours among Female Ice Hockey Players: An Exploratory Investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-42
Author(s):  
Laura Chittle ◽  
Sean Horton ◽  
Jess C. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Leadership Behaviors ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Informal Leaders

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of relative age on self-reported leadership behaviors among competitive female ice hockey players. Secondary purposes included examining whether a relative age effect (RAE) was present within the sample and if leadership behaviors differed according to leader status (i.e., formal versus informal leaders). Canadian female ice hockey players (ages 15-18 years) completed an online survey that contained the Leadership Scale for Sport along with additional demographic questions. Players were segmented into birth quartiles based upon Hockey Canada’s selection date and classified by leadership status. The MANOVA suggested that the frequency of leadership behaviors displayed by these athletes did not differ across birth quartiles. Furthermore, although there was a RAE trend within this sample of competitive female ice hockey players, the differences relative to population distributions were not statistically significant. Finally, formal leaders (i.e., captains/alternate captains) reported higher levels of social support, positive feedback, democratic behavior, and training and instruction than informal leaders. It appears that relative age is not a discriminating factor with respect to leadership behaviors. Competitive female ice hockey may be an avenue for all players, regardless of their date of birth, to develop and demonstrate leadership.

Relative Age Effects in Women’s Ice Hockey: Contributions of Body Size and Maturity Status

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Geithner ◽  
Claire E. Molenaar ◽  
Tommy Henriksson ◽  
Anncristine Fjellman-Wiklund ◽  
Kajsa Gilenstam
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Hockey Players

Research on relative age effects (RAEs) in women’s ice hockey is lacking data on participant characteristics, particularly body size and maturity status. The purposes of our study were to investigate RAEs in women’s ice hockey players from two countries, and to determine whether RAE patterns could be explained by chronological age, body size, and maturity status. Participants were 54 Swedish elite and 63 Canadian university players. Birthdates were coded by quartiles (Q1–Q4). Weight and height were obtained, and body mass index and chronological age were calculated for each player. Players recalled age at menarche, and maturity status was classified as early, average, or late relative to population-specific means. Chi-square (χ2), odds ratios (OR), 95% confidence intervals (CI) and effect sizes (Cohen’sw) were calculated using population data across quartiles and for pairwise comparisons between quartiles. Descriptive statistics and MANOVAs were run by quartile and by country. Significant RAEs were found for Canadian players across quartiles (p < .05), along with a Q2 phenomenon (Q2: Q3, Q2: Q4,p < .05). Swedish players were overrepresented in Q3 (Q3: Q4,p < .05). Q4 was significantly underrepresented in both countries (p < .05). The oldest, earliest maturing, and shortest players in both countries were clustered in Q2, whereas the next oldest and latest maturing Swedish players were found in Q3. Age, physical factors, and interactions may contribute to overrepresentations in Q2 and Q3. These findings do not suggest the same bias for greater relative age and maturity found in male ice hockey.

scholarly journals A prospective study of physician-observed concussion during a varsity university ice hockey season: incidence and neuropsychological changes. Part 2 of 4

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. E2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Echlin ◽  
Elaine N. Skopelja ◽  
Rachel Worsley ◽  
Shiroy B. Dadachanji ◽  
D. Rob Lloyd-Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
The Impact

Object The primary objective of this study was to measure the incidence of concussion according to a relative number of athlete exposures among 25 male and 20 female varsity ice hockey players. The secondary objective was to present neuropsychological test results between preseason and postseason play and at 72 hours, 2 weeks, and 2 months after concussion. Methods Every player underwent baseline assessments using the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-2 (SCAT2), Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT), and MRI. Each regular season and postseason game was observed by 2 independent observers (a physician and a nonphysician observer). Players with a diagnosed concussion were removed from the game, examined in the team physician's office using the SCAT2 and ImPACT, and sent to undergo MRI. Results Eleven concussions occurred during the 55 physician-observed games (20%). The incidence of concussion, expressed as number of concussions per 1000 athlete exposures, was 10.70 for men and women combined in regular season play, 11.76 for men and women combined across both the regular season and playoff season, 7.50 for men and 14.93 for women in regular season play, and 8.47 for men across both the regular season and playoff season. One male player experienced repeat concussions. No concussions were reported during practice sessions, and 1 concussion was observed and diagnosed in an exhibition game. Neuropsychological testing suggested no statistically significant preseason/postseason differences between athletes who sustained a physician-diagnosed concussion and athletes who did not sustain a physician-diagnosed concussion on either the ImPACT or SCAT2. The athletes who sustained a physician-diagnosed concussion demonstrated few reliable changes postinjury. Conclusions Although the incidence of game-related concussions per 1000 athlete exposures in this study was half the highest rate reported in the authors' previous research, it was 3 times higher than the incidence reported by other authors within the literature concerning men's collegiate ice hockey and 5 times higher than the highest rate previously reported for woman's collegiate ice hockey. Interestingly, the present results suggest a substantively higher incidence of concussion among women (14.93) than men (7.50). The reproducible and significantly higher incidence of concussion among both men and woman ice hockey players, when compared with nonphysician-observed games, suggests a significant underestimation of sports concussion in the scientific literature.

scholarly journals Sports Participation, Demographic Factors and Knee Symptom Severity in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-167
Author(s):  
Moaath A. Alamir ◽  
Abdulaziz F. Altammami ◽  
Faris H. Binyousef ◽  
Ahmed A. Alharbi ◽  
Feras A. Alrakaf
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lequesne Index ◽  
The Impact

Aims: to explore the prevalence of knee symptoms in the general population of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and evaluate the impact of sports participation and other demographic variables on the progression of knee symptoms in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Study design:  Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: A self-administered online survey was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between September 2020 to March 2021. Methodology: A total of 589 participants age 18 or older who reported concerns of knee symptoms and provided written informed consent were enrolled in the study. We excluded respondents who had undergone knee surgery (n = 16) and those diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis or other types of arthritis (n = 25). We collected demographic information (eg, age, gender, types of engaged sports, sports participation hours, and frequency of participation per week) and knee symptoms and severity using the Lequesne index tool. Results: Advanced age was significantly associated with a higher severity score (P < .001). We found a statistically significant association between body mass index and knee symptom severity. We noted no severe knee symptoms in participants engaging in weightlifting. Most participants (64.7%) reported that walking was their most frequent exercise, and knee symptoms were common. Of respondents who walk as their primary sport, 10.6% of them are considered disabled with a severe form of knee pain according to the Lequesne index (which uses the term “handicapped” rather than disabled). Conclusion: Older and overweight respondents had a high prevalence of knee symptoms. Interestingly, the prevalence rates of individuals without knee symptoms did not differ regarding sport participation. Sports participation frequency did not change the prevalence or severity of knee symptoms, while longer exercise duration was associated with lower knee symptom severity rates.

On consumers’ use, brand preference and equity of sports nutrition products

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-654
Author(s):  
Joshua Wesana ◽  
Joachim J. Schouteten ◽  
Evi Van Acker ◽  
Xavier Gellynck ◽  
Hans De Steur
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Brand Preference ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Quality ◽  
The Impact

Purpose While trends of health and well-being have boosted the development of sports nutrition products, consumer research is limited. The purpose of this paper is to profile sports nutrition users and non-users, and to explain users’ preference and equity of sports nutrition brands. Design/methodology/approach A large online survey (n=3,165) was conducted with users and non-users of sports nutrition drinks in Belgium. Profiling was based on socio-demographic and sport related variables. For users, brand preference and equity of three key sports nutrition brands (n=1,075) were measured. Thereby, a three-dimensional consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) model was applied. Findings Both the socio-demographic (gender, age, education and employment status) and sport profile (frequency, context, reasons and sports nutrition advice) had a significant influence on respondents’ likelihood to use sports nutrition products. For brand preference, the effect of sport and socio-demographic profile was only partially confirmed, with advice and frequency of sport participation being most influential. Furthermore, users’ brand equity was shown to be positively affected by brand quality and brand loyalty, while the impact of brand awareness/associations was not significant for all brands. Research limitations/implications Insights in the role of the sport and socio-demographic profiles contribute to the understanding of general and brand-specific sports nutrition use. The insignificance of brand awareness/associations for Brand A points to the notion of other implicit factors that possibly mask or transform the effect of brand awareness, yet do not influence brand quality and loyalty. Future theory development could integrate the CBBE model with other explanatory determinants related to consumer (health) behavior theories, or consumer perceptions on marketing efforts, while brand equity measurement could be extended with financial measures. Practical implications Variations in the impact of brand equity dimensions further lend support for the diversification of marketing strategies in the sports nutrition sector. Originality/value This study is one of the first to examine the customer market of sports nutrition products and brands.

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