scholarly journals Distal‐to‐proximal joint mechanics redistribution is a main contributor to reduced walking economy in older adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijs Delabastita ◽  
Enzo Hollville ◽  
Andreas Catteau ◽  
Philip Cortvriendt ◽  
Friedl De Groote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Main Contributor ◽  
Walking Economy

scholarly journals Eccentric contraction-induced muscle injury does not change walking economy in older adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Gault ◽  
Richard Clements ◽  
Mark Willems
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Injury ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Eccentric Contraction ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Downhill Walking ◽  
Walking Economy

Eccentric contraction-induced muscle injury does not change walking economy in older adultsThe aim of the study was to examine whether self-selected walking speed during downhill treadmill walking by older adults would result in muscle injury and changes in physiological responses during level walking. Twenty-six participants (age: 67 ± 4 yrs; height: 1.69 ± 0.09 m; body mass: 74.9 ± 13.1kg) were assigned to level (n = 11, 30 min, 0%) or downhill walking (n=15, 30 min, -10%) at a self-selected walking speed. Self-selected walking speed and exercise intensity were similar for both groups (level: 4.2±0.4 km·hr-1, 42±6% VO2max; downhill: 4.6±0.6 km·hr-1, 44±15% VO2max). After 48-hours, downhill walking had reduced maximal voluntary isometric force of the m. quadriceps femoris (-15%, P<0.001), indicative of muscle injury, but no changes were observed for walking economy, minute ventilation, heart rate and respiratory exchange ratio during level walking. For older adults, downhill walking at a selfselected walking speed causes muscle injury without any detrimental effect on walking economy. Regular downhill walking at a self-selected walking speed by older adults is an eccentric endurance activity that may have the potential to improve cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength.

scholarly journals Multicomponent Fitness Training Improves Walking Economy in Older Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1365-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIULIO VALENTI ◽  
ALBERTO GIOVANNI BONOMI ◽  
KLAAS ROELOF WESTERTERP
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Walking Economy ◽  
Fitness Training

scholarly journals Greater Forearm Blood Flow is Associated with Better Walking Economy and Gait Speed in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 492-493
Author(s):  
Kevin N. Hamidi ◽  
Devon A. Dobrosielski ◽  
Jennifer A. Schrack ◽  
Nicolas D. Knuth
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Walking Economy

The Roles of Sex and Physical Activity in Gait and Knee Extensor Function With Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-271
Author(s):  
Jocelyn F. Hafer ◽  
Mark S. Miller ◽  
Jane A. Kent ◽  
Katherine A. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Extensor Muscle ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Gait Mechanics ◽  
Active Adults

Older females experience higher rates of disability than males, potentially due to sex-specific differences in gait and muscle function. The authors evaluated the effects of age and physical activity (PA) on gait mechanics and knee extensor muscle function in males and females. Three groups of 20 individuals (each 10 females) participated: young (21–35 y) and highly and less active older (55–70 y) adults. Knee extensor strength and joint mechanics during preferred speed gait were collected before and after 30 minutes of walking. Age by sex and PA by sex interactions indicated older and less active older females had lower concentric knee extensor muscle power and larger hip extension moments than males. After 30 minutes of walking, older less active adults had larger decreases in knee extensor power than their highly active older counterparts, and older adults of both sexes had decreases in ankle dorsiflexion moments while young adults did not. These results suggest that older, particularly less active, adults are susceptible to knee extensor muscle fatigue from moderate activity. For older adults, high levels of PA may be necessary to preserve gait mechanics in response to a bout of exercise. This new information may be important for targeting interventions in at-risk older adults.

139 WALKING ECONOMY IN OLDER ADULTS

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. S24
Author(s):  
W. Kohrl ◽  
M. Malley ◽  
A. Ehsani ◽  
J. Holloszy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Walking Economy

scholarly journals Bicycling Exercise Helps Maintain a Youthful Metabolic Cost of Walking in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Aslan ◽  
Joshua M. Collette ◽  
Justus D. Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Walking Performance ◽  
Walking Economy

The decline of walking performance is a key determinant of morbidity among older adults. Healthy older adults have been shown to have a 15–20% lower walking economy compared with young adults. However, older adults who run for exercise have a higher walking economy compared with older adults who walk for exercise. Yet, it remains unclear if other aerobic exercises yield similar improvements on walking economy. The purpose of this study was to determine if regular bicycling exercise affects walking economy in older adults. We measured metabolic rate while 33 older adult “bicyclists” or “walkers” and 16 young adults walked on a level treadmill at four speeds between (0.75–1.75 m/s). Across the range of speeds, older bicyclists had a 9–17% greater walking economy compared with older walkers (p = .009). In conclusion, bicycling exercise mitigates the age-related deterioration of walking economy, whereas walking for exercise has a minimal effect on improving walking economy.

Cognitive control constrains memory attributions

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Kelley ◽  
Larry L. Jacoby
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Control

Abstract Cognitive control constrains retrieval processing and so restricts what comes to mind as input to the attribution system. We review evidence that older adults, patients with Alzheimer's disease, and people with traumatic brain injury exert less cognitive control during retrieval, and so are susceptible to memory misattributions in the form of dramatic levels of false remembering.

Cognitive Load Affects Speech Motor Performance Differently in Older and Younger Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1258-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan K. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incongruent Condition ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Movement Duration ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Speech Motor

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the impact of cognitive load imposed by a speech production task on the speech motor performance of healthy older and younger adults. Response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory were the primary cognitive processes of interest.MethodTwelve healthy older and 12 healthy younger adults produced multiple repetitions of 4 sentences containing an embedded Stroop task in 2 cognitive load conditions: congruent and incongruent. The incongruent condition, which required participants to suppress orthographic information to say the font colors in which color words were written, represented an increase in cognitive load relative to the congruent condition in which word text and font color matched. Kinematic measures of articulatory coordination variability and movement duration as well as a behavioral measure of sentence production accuracy were compared between groups and conditions and across 3 sentence segments (pre-, during-, and post-Stroop).ResultsIncreased cognitive load in the incongruent condition was associated with increased articulatory coordination variability and movement duration, compared to the congruent Stroop condition, for both age groups. Overall, the effect of increased cognitive load was greater for older adults than younger adults and was greatest in the portion of the sentence in which cognitive load was manipulated (during-Stroop), followed by the pre-Stroop segment. Sentence production accuracy was reduced for older adults in the incongruent condition.ConclusionsIncreased cognitive load involving response inhibition, selective attention, and working memory processes within a speech production task disrupted both the stability and timing with which speech was produced by both age groups. Older adults' speech motor performance may have been more affected due to age-related changes in cognitive and motoric functions that result in altered motor cognition.

Effects of Aging on the Subcortical Encoding of Stop Consonants

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Dania Rishiq ◽  
Ashley Harkrider ◽  
Cary Springer ◽  
Mark Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Responses ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Place Of Articulation ◽  
Second Formant ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Purpose The main purpose of this study was to evaluate aging effects on the predominantly subcortical (brainstem) encoding of the second-formant frequency transition, an essential acoustic cue for perceiving place of articulation. Method Synthetic consonant–vowel syllables varying in second-formant onset frequency (i.e., /ba/, /da/, and /ga/ stimuli) were used to elicit speech-evoked auditory brainstem responses (speech-ABRs) in 16 young adults ( M age = 21 years) and 11 older adults ( M age = 59 years). Repeated-measures mixed-model analyses of variance were performed on the latencies and amplitudes of the speech-ABR peaks. Fixed factors were phoneme (repeated measures on three levels: /b/ vs. /d/ vs. /g/) and age (two levels: young vs. older). Results Speech-ABR differences were observed between the two groups (young vs. older adults). Specifically, older listeners showed generalized amplitude reductions for onset and major peaks. Significant Phoneme × Group interactions were not observed. Conclusions Results showed aging effects in speech-ABR amplitudes that may reflect diminished subcortical encoding of consonants in older listeners. These aging effects were not phoneme dependent as observed using the statistical methods of this study.

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