Association of household wealth and education level with hypertension and diabetes among adults in Bangladesh: A propensity score‐based analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajat Das Gupta ◽  
Promit Ananyo Chakraborty ◽  
Md. Belal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level

scholarly journals Bivariate binary analysis on composite index of anthropometric failure of under-five children and household wealth-index

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demeke Lakew Workie ◽  
Lijalem Melie Tesfaw
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Background Malnutrition is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity of children in low and middle income countries including Ethiopia and household wealth index shares the highest contribution. Thus, in this study it is aimed to conduct bivariate binary logistic regression analysis by accounting the possible dependency of child composite index anthropometric failure and household wealth index. Methods In this study the data from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016 involved 9411 under five children was considered. Child Composite Index Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) measures the aggregate child undernourished derived from the conventional anthropometric indices (stunting, underweight and wasting). The correlation between CIAF and wealth index was checked and significant correlation found. To address the dependency between the two outcome variables bivariate binary logistic regression was used to analyze the determinants of child CAIF and household wealth index jointly. Results Study results show that region, place of residence, religion, education level of women and husband/partner, sex of child, source of drinking water, household size and number of under five children in the household, mothers body mass index, multiple birth and anemia level of child had significant association with child CIAF. Female children were 0.82 times less likely to be CIAF compared to male and multiple birth children were more likely to be CIAF compared to single birth. Children from Oromia, Somalie, Gambela, SNNPR, Harari and Addis Ababa region were 0.6, 0.56, 0.67, 0.52, 0.6 and 0.44 times less likely to be CIAF compared to Tigray. A household from rural area were 15.49 times more likely poor compared to a household. The estimated odds of children whose mothers attended primary, and secondary and higher education was 0.82, and 0.52 times respectively the estimated odds of children from mothers who had never attended formal education. Conclusion The prevalence of children with composite index anthropometric failure was high and closely tied with the household wealth index. Among the determinants, region, religion, family education level, and anemia level of child were statistically significant determinants of both CIAF and household wealth index. Thus, the authors recommend to concerned bodies and policymakers work on household wealth index to reduce the prevalence of child composite anthropometric failure.

scholarly journals The nutrition transition in Mexico 1988–2016: the role of wealth in the social patterning of obesity by education

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 2394-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pérez-Ferrer ◽  
Anne McMunn ◽  
Paola Zaninotto ◽  
Eric J Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractObjectiveThe present study investigates whether the reversal of the social gradient in obesity, defined as a cross-over to higher obesity prevalence among groups with lower education level, has occurred among men and women in urban and rural areas of Mexico.DesignCross-sectional series of nationally representative surveys (1988, 1999, 2006, 2012 and 2016). The association between education and obesity was investigated over the period 1988–2016. Effect modification of the education–obesity association by household wealth was tested.SettingMexico.SubjectsWomen (n 54 816) and men (n 20 589) aged 20–49 years.ResultsIn both urban and rural areas, the association between education and obesity in women varied by level of household wealth in the earlier surveys (1988, 1999 and 2006; interaction P<0·001). In urban areas in 1988, one level lower education was associated (prevalence ratio; 95 % CI) with 45 % higher obesity prevalence among the richest women (1·45; 1·24, 1·69), whereas among the poorest the same education difference was protective (0·84; 0·72, 0·99). In the latest surveys (2012, 2016), higher education was protective across all wealth groups. Among men, education level was not associated with obesity in urban areas; there was a direct association in rural areas. Wealth did not modify the association between education and obesity.ConclusionThe reversal of the educational gradient in obesity among women occurred once a threshold level of household wealth was reached. Among men, there was no evidence of a reversal of the gradient. Policies must not lose sight of the populations most vulnerable to the obesogenic environment.

CFO attributes and accounting conservatism: evidence from Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismaanzira Ismail ◽  
Rohami Shafie ◽  
Ku Nor Izah Ku Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Accounting Conservatism ◽  
Chief Financial Officer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Emerging Country

Purpose This paper aims to examine whether conditional conservatism is affected by chief financial officer (CFO) attributes as this issue is understudied in Malaysia. Given that CFOs have a direct responsibility for financial reporting, therefore, their individual attributes are important in influencing conservatism in financial reporting. Design/methodology/approach This study uses non-financial listed firms in the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia from the years 2016 until 2019. Findings The results show that CFOs’ attributes, namely, gender, age, education level and ethnicity, affect earnings conservatism. To test for robustness, the authors use difference-in-difference, propensity score-matching and unconditional conservatism, namely, market-to-book ratio and the authors find the results hold with an exception for age and education level. Further, the effect of these attributes is more profound in non-Big4 audited firms, suggesting that CFO attributes act as a substitute mechanism for lower audit quality. Originality/value This study complements existing studies by documenting the first evidence on the significant effects of CFOs’ attributes in influencing accounting conservatism in an emerging country, namely, Malaysia. This is the first paper, to the humble knowledge, that examines CFOs’ attributes on accounting conservatism in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Exploring the important determinants of access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation in Punjab, Pakistan

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahid Adil ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Irfan Malik
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Improved Sanitation

Abstract Access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation is a fundamental human right and basic ingredient of public health. However, one of the major problems faced by developing countries in the twenty-first century is the lack of access to these facilities. Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan with more than 50% of the country's population is no exception. Keeping in view its importance, the current study is an effort to investigate important determinants of access to safe drinking water and improved sanitation in Punjab to ensure the provision of these services to the masses. Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Household data from 2017 to 2018 has been used for analysis. The results of a logistic regression model revealed that household media exposure, education level of household head, household wealth status, and ethnic background of the household head are some of the important determinants of household access to safe drinking water. For household access to improved sanitation, along with these factors, the role of social norms and place of residence are also important. Particularly, the role of social norms is very profound. Findings from the study suggest that efforts should be made to provide readily available media access, household education level needs to be enhanced, policies should be made to raise the living standard of the poorest households, and the social norm for the use of improved sanitation needs to be promoted.

scholarly journals Household socio-economic status and likelihood of HIV infection among under five-year children in Muheza district, north-eastern Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veneranda M. Bwana ◽  
Edgar Simulundu ◽  
Leonard E.G. Mboera ◽  
Sayoki G. Mfinanga ◽  
Charles Michelo
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

AbstractBackgroundThere are evidences of the association between socio-economic factors and HIV prevalence in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is dearth of information on such relationship in Tanzania. Here, we present data on the relationship between household’s socio-economic factors and HIV prevalence among under five-year children in Muheza district, Tanzania.MethodsWe conducted a facility-based study from June 2015 to June 2016 in which we enrolled under five-year children born to HIV positive mothers. Information on HIV status of the child and socio-demographic characteristic of the head of the household was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using STATA version 13.0.ResultsA total of 576 mothers/guardians were interviewed each with respective HIV exposed under five-year child. Children who belonged to a head of household with at least a high education level (AOR= 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.8) and living in a relatively wealthy household (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.9) was associated with reduced odds of HIV infection among children. Univariate analysis revealed that the odds of HIV infection was three-fold (COR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-7.0) higher among children living in rural than in urban areas. The heads of household living in rural areas (AOR=0.3 95% CI 0.1-0.9) had low education level compared to those living in urban areas.ConclusionChildren who belong to the head of households with high educational level, high household wealth were associated with reduced likelihood of HIV infection in Tanzania. Children living in rural areas had increased likelihood of acquiring HIV infection. These findings stress the need to focus on improving education status of the population and economically disadvantaged populations as a strategy for HIV prevention and control measures.

scholarly journals The co-occurrence of overweight/obesity and anaemia among adult women, adolescent girls and children living in 52 low-and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Ana Irache ◽  
Paramjit Gill ◽  
Rishi Caleyachetty
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Objective: To investigate the magnitude and distribution of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia among adult women, adolescent girls and children living in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Design: We selected the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys with anthropometric and haemoglobin level measures. Prevalence estimates and 95% CIs of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia were calculated for every country, overall and stratified by household wealth quintile, education level, area of residence and sex (for children only). Regional and overall pooled prevalences were estimated using a random-effects model. We measured gaps, expressed in percentage points, to display inequalities in the distribution of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM). Setting: Nationally representative surveys from 52 LMICs. Participants: Adult women (n=825,769) aged 20-49 years, adolescent girls (n=192,631) aged 15-19 years, and children (n=391,963) aged 6-59 months. Results: The pooled prevalence of concurrent overweight/obesity and anaemia was 12.4% (95% CI: 11.1, 13.7) among adult women, 4.5% (95% CI: 4.0, 5.0) among adolescent girls and 3.0% (95% CI: 2.7, 3.3) among children. Overall, the DBM followed an inverse social gradient, with a higher prevalence among the richest quintile, most educated groups and in urban areas; however, important variations exist. The largest inequality gaps were observed among adult women in Yemen by household wealth (24.0 percentage-points) and in Niger by education level (19.6 percentage-points) and area of residence (11.9 percentage-points). Differences were predominantly significant among adult women; but less among girls and children. Conclusions: Context-specific, multifaceted, responses with an equity-lens are needed to reduce all forms of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Psychological Characteristics of Lung Cancer Patients During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study Based on a Propensity Score-Matched Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Qian ◽  
Yi Deng ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Hao Peng ◽  
Li-Hong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients

Abstract Objective: This study sought to reveale the psychological characteristics of lung cancer patients at different time points of the COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from two different regional medical centers. 128 pairs of lung cancer (LC) patients and non-lung cancer subjects (NLC) were selected through propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. For the longitudinal study, the anxiety and distress state before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were surveyed through a dedicated questionnaire. Results: A total of 135 LC patients and 165 healthy individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. After PSM analysis, 128 pairs of LC patients and NLC were matched and compared in this analysis. During the uptrend period of COVID-19 epidemic, there were significant differences in anxiety between LC patients and NLC (P=0.005). For LC patients, the proportions of severe distress differed significantly between the uptrend and the decline period (22.05% vs 11.90%, P=0.032). In two-way repeated ANOVA analysis, no significant main effect for group or group × condition interaction effect has been founded. The distress of LC patients is mainly manifested as worry. Logistic regression showed that gender (OR=41.48, 95% CI: 9.74-17.97), age (OR=0.20, 95% CI: 0.08-0.50), and education level (OR=4.82, 95% CI: 1.98-11.69) were correlated with “worry” and contributed significantly to the model. Conclusions: This study revealed that lung cancer patients had significant anxiety and distress during the uptrend period of the COVID-19 epidemic. The distress states of LC patients mainly manifested as worry, which was associated with age, gender, and education level.

The Role of Social Norm in Acceptability Attitude of Women Toward Intimate Partner Violence in Punjab, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Malik
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Wife Beating ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Cultural Norm ◽  
The Impact

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health and human rights issue with the social and economic impacts felt by women. Punjab is a male-dominated society, where partner violence is generally accepted as a cultural norm and viewed as normal behavior within a marriage. It stems from attitudes that partner violence is a private matter and usually a justifiable response to misbehavior on the part of the wife. The focus of the current study is to investigate the impact of this cultural norm in acceptability attitude of women toward IPV in Punjab province. A large-scale sample size of more than 46,000 from Multi-Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2018 has been used. The impact of the cultural norm on the wife-beating attitude has been investigated in five dimensions: wife going out without telling him, neglecting the children, arguing with him, refusing to have sex with him, and burning the food. The logistic regression results indicate that wife-beating is accepted as a community norm. It has been found that if wife-beating is accepted by community, then the individual female is more than 3 times more likely to consider it justifiable in all five dimensions. The other important factors are education level, household wealth, ethnicity, media exposure, and wife–husband age difference. The level of education of women plays the most important role in rejecting the wife-beating norm, as an increase in level of education is associated with an increase in the probability of rejecting the wife-beating. So, the current study suggests that there is a dire need to increase the female education level to overcome this issue.

scholarly journals Women’s education level amplifies the effects of a livelihoods-based intervention on household wealth, child diet, and child growth in rural Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie C. Miller ◽  
Neena Joshi ◽  
Mahendra Lohani ◽  
Beatrice Rogers ◽  
Shubh Mahato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women's Education ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Child Growth ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Rural Nepal

455: Long Term Survival in Men with Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: Propensity Score Modeling Approach to Evaluate Impact of Treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 121-121
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Tewari ◽  
Mazen Hasan ◽  
George Devine ◽  
Mani Menon
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Localized Prostate Cancer ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Modeling Approach
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