Concerns Fronting Engineering Education in Sudan: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelrahim Minalla
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Educational Technology ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
High Rate ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Industry Relationship ◽  
University Industry

For decades Sudan, like most of Sub-Saharan African countries, has been facing profound engineering education issues, namely: poor funding, outdated curricula, ineffective teaching and learning methods, inadequate human capacity, poor research/publishing condition, inappropriate facilities, inadequate educational technology and ICT environment, weak university/industry relationship, lack of academic freedom, and missing of quality control and accreditation measures. The paper discussed these issues, and proposed solutions such as redesign of flexible curriculum, adopting learner-centered approach, and developing hiring structure that focuses on recruiting and retaining qualified educators, with the goal of graduating a high rate of qualified engineers, ready for the 21st century.

Quality Preparation of Mathematics and Science Teachers to Integrate ICT

2015 ◽  
pp. 29-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Njoroge Mungai
Keyword(s):  
Science Teachers ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Ict Integration ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
Teacher Professional ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Context Specific

This chapter clearly illustrates that emphasis on preparation of teachers to integrate ICT is gaining momentum in the education sector. Arguably, underpinning this emphasis is the convergence of assertions that ICT integration has the potential to enhance the quality of teaching and learning. Nonetheless, considering that the debate about effective teaching has overtime existed between two tensions, namely learner-centered and teacher-centered approaches, the additional concern now is how best to prepare teachers to integrate ICT. It is shown in this chapter that the best teaching approach is context specific since it facilitates the teachers' capacity to enhance student learning through quality teaching. The chapter reviews Teacher Professional Development programs in Sub-Saharan Africa and discusses what constitutes learner-centered education, ICT integration, and provides findings of a case study on preparation of science teachers using ICT.

ICT in Education Development in Africa

2011 ◽  
pp. 283-305
Author(s):  
Chijioke J. Evoh
Keyword(s):  
Education Policy ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Ict In Education ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Sub Saharan

This study presents the rationale for policy and institutional frameworks in the development of ICT in secondary education in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). As the adoption of modern ICTs slowly gain momentum, various stakeholders in education have recognized the importance of leveraging these technological tools for the improvement of teaching and learning. To a large extent, the application of modern ICTs in education remains uncoordinated in many countries. This study identifies the institutional framework as the dominant approach to ICT in education policy process in the region. This involves the participation of broad-based interest groups in the policy process. Using South Africa as a case study, the study presents elements of ICT in education policy as well as policy lessons that would enable African countries use ICTs for productive educational outcomes.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Governance and Trade: Evidence From Sub-Saharan African Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Ali Madina Dankumo ◽  
Suryati Ishak ◽  
Yasmin Bani ◽  
Hanny Zurina Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Political Instability ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Group Approach ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Growth Increase ◽  
Governance Index ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

This paper investigates the effect of governance in Sub-Saharan African towards trade. This study utilized panel data from 1996-2017. This employed Pooled Mean Group approach by categorizing the Sub-Sharan African (SSA) countries into Low Governance Index (LGI) and Very Low Governance Index (VLGI) countries, considering its abundant resources. The results of the findings indicate that corruption does not affect trade in LGI countries but increases that of VLGI countries, signifying that corruption “greases the wheels” of trade in countries with a high rate of corruption. However, political instability reduces trade for LGI countries, whereas, in VLGI countries, it does not affect trade, indicating that political instability only impacts in countries with relatively better governance. Government expenditure, income, and population growth increase trade in LGI countries but does not show any evidence of impacting trade in the VLGI countries. The study concludes that governance (corruption and political instability) is a significant determinant of trade in the SSA; hence, the importance of dealing with corruption and ensuring a stable political environment.

Strengthening the University–Industry Relationship

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-307
Author(s):  
George Liodakis ◽  
Ioannis O. Vardiambasis ◽  
Evangelos Kartsonakis ◽  
Ioannis A. Kaliakatsos
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Learning ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Approval Ratings ◽  
Educational Institute ◽  
Technological Educational ◽  
Technological Educational Institute ◽  
Industry Relationship ◽  
The University ◽  
University Industry

The Department of Electronics of the Technological Educational Institute of Crete (DoE/TEI Crete) enjoys good approval ratings from the market and its graduates have a high rate of employability. However, survey data collected over the last ten years from graduates and from the enterprises in which they have been employed, or have carried out their workplace learning, indicate the strong and weak aspects of the Department's curriculum from the viewpoint of the job market. The authors identify issues that may improve the access of their graduates to the market and which may also bring enterprises closer to the DoE, thus offering both parties the opportunity to establish internships for research. It is proposed that the time is now right for a next step to be made towards achieving cooperative engineering education and the authors offer suggestions as to how this might be achieved.

scholarly journals ENGINEERING EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY - WHO NEEDS IT?!

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Harris ◽  
Cheryl Amundsen
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Preparation Time ◽  
Learning Skills ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
Evaluation Strategies

A lack of knowledge about teaching and learning that is quite common amongst engineering academics combined with a heavy set of professional demands, leads many teaching engineers to use outdated models of instruction or to simply repeat the teaching strategies that they themselves experienced. The present article seeks to inform engineering academics that there exist simple, yet powerful methods to design courses that will be effective for promoting learning and will be efficient in terms of preparation time. Students’ opinions and desires regarding teaching and learning are also considered to provide a measure of the challenge associated with course design. In particular, the elements of learner centered course design are described with an emphasis on linking teaching and evaluation strategies to levels of learning and learning outcomes. Read along, slip into the role of a student for a while and see what engineering educational technology can do for, or to, you and your teaching and learning skills.

scholarly journals Decolonizing Engineering Education in Nigerian Higher Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1887-1893
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
National Development ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Western Influence

Manifestation of western views above the culturally accepted standards in the society has been a major topical issue and over the year’s African countries have been heavily influenced by western cultures which permeated their religion by the early missionaries and the Trans-Atlantic slave trade that was predominant then. These western influence is prevalent in engineering education and it affects the discipline. Engineering education is important for national development and competitiveness and it is vital in terms of supply of electricity, water, roads, telecommunication, transportation, factories, machineries. This paper explores decolonization as a concept and a panacea to the challenges of engineering education in Nigeria, stressing the need to decolonize the discipline. The research was a theoretical study as it relied on relevant literature to address the topic under consideration. The findings of the study revealed that engineering education in Nigeria is constrained by lots of challenges which include fallen standards, obsolete curriculum, poor funding, inadequate infrastructure which affect the conduct of the discipline. It was also revealed that the engineering legacy the British bequeathed to Nigeria has continued without much change to it and there is therefore a need to decolonize engineering education in Nigeria. There is therefore the need to decolonize the curriculum, the teaching and learning approach, the language. The ministry of education must also coordinate with other engineering bodies to ensure that the curriculum is reviewed to suit the culture of the country.

Quality Preparation of Mathematics and Science Teachers to Integrate ICT

2016 ◽  
pp. 1822-1846
Author(s):  
John Njoroge Mungai
Keyword(s):  
Science Teachers ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Ict Integration ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
Teacher Professional ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Context Specific

This chapter clearly illustrates that emphasis on preparation of teachers to integrate ICT is gaining momentum in the education sector. Arguably, underpinning this emphasis is the convergence of assertions that ICT integration has the potential to enhance the quality of teaching and learning. Nonetheless, considering that the debate about effective teaching has overtime existed between two tensions, namely learner-centered and teacher-centered approaches, the additional concern now is how best to prepare teachers to integrate ICT. It is shown in this chapter that the best teaching approach is context specific since it facilitates the teachers' capacity to enhance student learning through quality teaching. The chapter reviews Teacher Professional Development programs in Sub-Saharan Africa and discusses what constitutes learner-centered education, ICT integration, and provides findings of a case study on preparation of science teachers using ICT.

scholarly journals Systematic review of hypertension prevalence and awareness in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eléazar Ndabarora ◽  
Clemence Nishimwe ◽  
Dariya Mukamusoni
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
African Countries ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Very High

Several studies have reported high prevalence of hypertension in Africa, but little is known on awareness and determinants of preventive measures uptake. The purpose of the review was to identify and review the studies which reported at the same time on the prevalence of hypertension and awareness among the participants in sub-Saharan Africa, and to recommend needed research studies and interventions to prevent and control hypertension increase. High prevalence of hypertension was found across sub-Saharan African countries. The increasing hypertension rate moved from 19.7% in 1990 to 30.8% in 2010, with very high increase in some sub-regions up to 77%. A low awareness was found, less than 50% and in some place less than 10%. Also a high rate of hypertensive patients who were not on treatment was found. There is a very increasing prevalence of hypertension and unawareness in sub-Saharan Africa. There is also a high rate of hypertensive patients who are not on treatment.  Studies and interventions aiming at understanding determinants of hypertension screening and treatment uptake are much recommended.

scholarly journals Confirmation of the absence of local transmission and geographic assignment of imported falciparum malaria cases to China using microsatellite panel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaobao Liu ◽  
Sofonias K Tessema ◽  
Maxwell Murphy ◽  
Sui Xu ◽  
Alanna Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Assignment Method ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Imported Infections ◽  
Local Transmission

Abstract Background Current methods to classify local and imported malaria infections depends primarily on patients travel history, which can have limited accuracy. Genotyping has been investigated as a complementary approach to track the spread of malaria and identify the origin of imported infections.Methods An extended panel of 26 microsatellites (16 new microsatellites) for Plasmodium falciparum was evaluated in 602 imported infections from 26 sub-Saharan African countries to the Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China. The potential of the 26 microsatellite markers to assign imported parasites to their geographic origin was assessed using a Bayesian method with MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) as implemented in the program Smoothed and Continuous Assignments (SCAT) with a modification to incorporate haploid genotype data.Results The newly designed microsatellites were polymorphic and are not in linkage disequilibrium with the existing microsatellites, supporting previous findings of high rate of recombination in sub-Saharan Africa. Consistent with epidemiology inferred from patients travel history, we found no evidence for local transmission; nearly all genetically related infections were identified in people who traveled to the same country near the same time. The smoothing assignment method assigned imported cases to their likely geographic origin with an accuracy (Angola: 59%; Nigeria: 51%; Equatorial Guinea: 40%) higher than would be achieved at random, reaching statistical significance for Angola and Equatorial Guinea.Conclusions Routine genotyping is valuable for malaria case classification and program evaluation in an elimination setting. Method for assigning geographic origin of mammals based on genetic data were adapted for malaria and showed potential for identification of the origin of imported infections.

Crowdsourcing Covid-19 signals in sub-Saharan Africa: Leveraging digital contributor networks for participatory surveillance of Covid-19 symptoms and deaths (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngozi A Erondu ◽  
Sagal A Ali ◽  
Mohamed Ali ◽  
Schadrac C Agbla
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan

BACKGROUND In sub-Saharan Africa, underreporting of cases and deaths has been attributed to various factors including, weak disease surveillance, low health-seeking behaviour of flu like symptoms, and stigma of Covid-19. There is evidence that SARS-CoV-2 spread mimics transmission patterns of other countries across the world. Since the Covid-19 pandemic has changed the way research can be conducted and in light of restrictions on travel and risks to in-person data collection, innovative approaches to collecting data must be considered. Nearly 50% of Africa’s population is a unique mobile subscriber and it is one of the fastest growing smart-phone marketplaces in the world; hence, mobile phone platforms should be considered to monitor Covid-19 trends in the community. OBJECTIVE We demonstrate the use of digital contributor platforms to survey individuals about cases of flu-like symptoms and instances of unexplained deaths in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Somalia, and Zimbabwe. METHODS Rapid cross-sectional survey of individuals with severe flu and pneumonia symptoms and unexplained deaths in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Somalia and Zimbabwe RESULTS Using a non-health specific information platform, we found COVID-19 signals in five African countries, specifically: •Across countries, nearly half of the respondents (n=739) knew someone who had severe flu or pneumonia symptoms in recent months. •One in three respondents from Somalia and one in five from Zimbabwe respondents said they knew more than five people recently displaying flu and/or pneumonia symptoms. •In Somalia there were signals that a large number of people might be dying outside of health facilities, specifically in their homes or in IDP or refugee camps. CONCLUSIONS Existing digital contributor platforms with local networks are a non-traditional data source that can provide information from the community to supplement traditional government surveillance systems and academic surveys. We demonstrate that using these distributor networks to for community surveys can provide periodic information on rumours but could also be used to capture local sentiment to inform public health decision-making; for example, these insights could be useful to inform strategies to increase confidence in Covid19 vaccine. As Covid-19 continues to spread somewhat silently across sub-Saharan Africa, regional and national public health entities should consider expanding event-based surveillance sources to include these systems.

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