MODELING THE IMPACT OF NATURAL AND SECURITY HAZARDS IN AN LNG PROCESSING FACILITITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Al-shanini ◽  
Arshad Ahmad ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Mimi Hassim ◽  
Ali Al-shatri
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Process ◽  
Accident Prevention ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Fault Trees ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Liquefaction Plant ◽  
Failure Probabilities

Development of accident models based on cause and effect relationships facilitates the formulation of accident prevention and mitigation plans in the Chemical Process Industries (CPIs). In this paper, failures of accident prevention barriers triggered by man-made and natural hazards are causally modeled using Fault Trees (FTs) models. Additionally, updated technique of FTs basic and top events failure probabilities was applied using Hierarchy Bayesian Approach (HBA) based on basic events precursor data. This updated methodology overcomes the uncertainty limitation in the determination of FTs reliability data, as well as converge them into their accurate values. Moreover, it provides valuable information supporting risk based decision. The methodology was applied to LNG pipeline and liquefaction plant Dispersion Prevention Barrier (DPB). The result shows the capability of the methodology to model natural and security hazards (NE&ISHs) in both qualitative and quantitative manners, as well as, to update FT events failure probabilities through the use of the precursor data to the HBA. Outcomes demonstrate that the average posterior failure probability of DPB of that particular case study increased from 0.0613 to 0.204232 which represents a 3.33 times increment compared with the prior. 

The impact of acid hydrolysis conditions on carbohydrate determination in lignocellulosic materials: a case study with Eucalyptus globulus bark

Holzforschung ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Jorge Oliveira ◽  
Bruna Santos ◽  
Maria J. Mota ◽  
Susana R. Pereira ◽  
Pedro C. Branco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Hydrolysis Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Eucalyptus Bark

Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass represents a suitable feedstock for production of biofuels and bioproducts. Its chemical composition depends on many aspects (e.g. plant source, pre-processing) and it has impact on productivity of industrial bioprocesses. Numerous methodologies can be applied for biomass characterisation, with acid hydrolysis being a particularly relevant step. This study intended to assess the most suitable procedures for acid hydrolysis, taking Eucalyptus globulus bark as a case study. For that purpose, variation of temperature (90–120 °C) was evaluated over time (0–5 h), through monosaccharides and oligosaccharides contents and degradation. For glucose, the optimal conditions were 100 °C for 2.5 h, reaching a content of 48.6 wt.%. For xylose, the highest content (15.2 wt.%) was achieved at 90 °C for 2 h, or 120 °C for 0.5 h. Maximum concentrations of mannose and galactose (1.0 and 1.7 wt.%, respectively) were achieved at 90 and 100 °C (2–3.5 h) or at 120 °C (0.5–1 h). These results revealed that different hydrolysis conditions should be applied for different sugars. Using this approach, total sugar quantification in eucalyptus bark was increased by 4.3%, which would represent a 5% increase in the ethanol volume produced, considering a hypothetical bioethanol production yield. This reflects the importance of feedstock characterization on determination of economic viability of industrial processes.

scholarly journals A Control Based Mathematical Model for the Evaluation of Intervention Lines in COVID-19 Epidemic Spread: The Italian Case Study

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 890
Author(s):  
Paolo Di Giamberardino ◽  
Rita Caldarella ◽  
Daniela Iacoviello
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects ◽  
The Impact

This paper addresses the problem of describing the spread of COVID-19 by a mathematical model introducing all the possible control actions as prevention (informative campaign, use of masks, social distancing, vaccination) and medication. The model adopted is similar to SEIQR, with the infected patients split into groups of asymptomatic subjects and isolated ones. This distinction is particularly important in the current pandemic, due to the fundamental the role of asymptomatic subjects in the virus diffusion. The influence of the control actions is considered in analysing the model, from the calculus of the equilibrium points to the determination of the reproduction number. This choice is motivated by the fact that the available organised data have been collected since from the end of February 2020, and almost simultaneously containment measures, increasing in typology and effectiveness, have been applied. The characteristics of COVID-19, not fully understood yet, suggest an asymmetric diffusion among countries and among categories of subjects. Referring to the Italian situation, the containment measures, as applied by the population, have been identified, showing their relation with the government's decisions; this allows the study of possible scenarios, comparing the impact of different possible choices.

Method for Estimating the Domino Effect in Quantitative Assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 536-540
Author(s):  
Ming Liang Chen ◽  
Zhi Qiang Geng ◽  
Qun Xiong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Process ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Domino Effect ◽  
Chemical Process Industry ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
The Impact

Accidents caused by the domino effect are the most destructive accidents in the chemical process industry. These chains of accidents may lead to catastrophic consequences and may affect not only the industrial sites, but also people, environment and economy. However, quantitative risk assessments do not usually take the domino effect into account in a detailed, systematic way, mostly because of its complexity and the difficulties involved in its incorporation. A method for quantitative assessment of domino effects is presented. The consequence and probability of a certain accident can be estimated. The domino sequences from the initial accident to the last accident can be obtained. The method has been implemented in a case study. The results show that it can indeed be used to estimate the impact of the domino effect in quantitative assessment.

scholarly journals The Impact of Strategic Decision-Making on Enhancing Competitive Capability: Case Study of the Royal Jordanian Airlines

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Majda S. Rteimeh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed at identifying the extent of efficiency of the strategic decision making (the determination of the problem, the gathering of the information on the problem, decision-making, the monitoring of the implementation of the decision-making, and the circulation of the realistic results of the decision) and demonstrating their impact in enhancing the competitive capability of the Royal Jordanian Airlines. This study followed the descriptive and the analytical approach relying on a questionnaire that reached a sample of 167 employees working at the various administrative levels of the company. The results of the study showed that there is a medium degree of efficiency for strategic decision-making and a medium degree of competitiveness. The results also showed a statistically significant impact for each of (gathering information about the problem of enhancing the competitive capability of the Royal Jordanian Airlines, decision-making, and circulating the realistic results of the decision) in enhancing the competitive capability of the Royal Jordanian Airlines.

scholarly journals Determine the impact of the implementation of the program checklists resulting from official inspections in identifying hazards in an automotive industry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
GH Halvani ◽  
M Sahraee
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Accident Prevention ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Check List ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Library Method

Introduction: Nowdays, the main concern of the responsible organizations in the field of safety is identifying and eliminating the dangers that threaten people`s lives and it can cause damage. Perhaps it can be said with caution that today there are so many incidents in the industrialized countries. A common approach to safety analysis and accident prevention is  inspection. The purpose of this study is determining the impact of the implementation of the schedule of checklist resulting from official inspections in identifying hazards in an automotive industry. Methods:The library and scrolling method was used to collect data. In the theoretical sections, a questionnaire was developed using a library method and a scrolling method was used to collect data. In this research, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the information. The samples were reviewed along with numerous charts. And the data were entered into the stata software for analysis. Results: In this study, 716 items are marked with a check list, 459 (0.64%) risk befor and 579 (0.81%) the risk was detected after a checklist. There was a significant difference between the two ratios. In other words, the implementation of the checklist is effective in identifying the dangers. Conclusion: Regarding the fact that in the case study company, the checklist did not play a major role in hazard identification and was not included in the checklist. It`s better to take advantage of checklist. Based on the results of these studes, it can be concluded that checklist inspections can have a significant impact on the identification of hazards.

scholarly journals Pelaksanaan Pemekaran Daerah Kota Sungai Penuh dari Kabupaten Kerinci dan Dampaknya terhadap Wilayah Pinggiran Kota Sungai Penuh

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Adryan Adryan ◽  
Erwin Erwin ◽  
Jafrinur Jafrinur
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
The Impact

<p>Law Number 32 Year 2004 on Regional Government article 4 stated that the formation of regions could be in the form of merging or splitting one area into two or more regions. The implementation of the splitting or extension will effect the improvement of community welfare, acceleration of public services, and management of regional potential. This study is aimed (1) to describe the consideration of Sungai Penuh City extension from Kerinci Regency; (2) to analyze the influences of city extension in increasing economic growth and potential development of Sungai Penuh City Area; and (3) to understand the impact of city extension on development of Sungai Penuh periphery area. This study conducts case study research with using qualitative and quantitative method, and determines informant using purposive sampling technique. Qualitative analysis is used to achieve the first and the third research purpose, and quantitative analysis is used to achieve the second research purpose. Results stated that the implementation of Sungai Penuh City extension is implemented by considering physical condition, regional function, economy, and social community. Economic growth of Sungai Penuh City after city extension increased 3.13% during 2010 to 2016. The economic growth was also supported by the increase of Human Development Index. The trade sector becomes a potential sector to be developed in Sungai Penuh City. City economic growth has an impact on development of its periphery area through the availability and accessibility of educational, health and agricultural infrastructure.</p>

scholarly journals Aggregated Risk Assessment and Survey for Risk Reduction in Oil Terminals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12169
Author(s):  
Robertas Alzbutas ◽  
Mindaugas Vaisnoras ◽  
Inga Saruniene ◽  
Ricardas Krikstolaitis ◽  
Mindaugas Valincius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Risk Aggregation ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
The Impact

One of the goals of any oil terminal is to make a business while avoiding hazardous events and harmful effects for both humans and the environment. This can be achieved by creating a safe working place as well as by performing safe and acceptable activities regarding the impact on surrounding objects, including residential and industrial areas. The aim of the hazard analysis of the oil terminal is to assess the risks related to hazardous events or phenomena and to evaluate whether the assessed risks are acceptable. The hazard analysis and assessment of risk are also used for risk reduction while examining and limiting hazardous scenarios that, for instance, involve the loss-of-containment of flammable or combustible material. In this paper, the authors aim to contribute to risk research by providing a comprehensive methodology of risk assessment for oil terminals with case study results and discussion on features of the methodology, risk aggregation, its applicability for risk reduction, and industrial interests. The performed study considered the “Klaipedos Nafta AB” (an operator of the Klaipeda Oil Terminal, Lithuania) case study regarding hazardous materials that might be released from various tanks, devices, and associated pipelines. The performed quantitative risk assessment has enabled the determination of the probability regarding whether releases would ignite and, for instance, cause explosion. In the case study, the estimate of probability, i.e., the frequency, and the possible consequences of the hazardous events were evaluated, and both mitigation and risk reduction measures were also considered.

Influence of anthropogenic activity to the macronutrient loading in water and soil – Case study of industrial area

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Oana Romina Botoran ◽  
◽  
Mihaela Iordache ◽  
Claudia Sandru ◽  
Marius Miricioiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Mining activities, in combination with accelerated urbanization growth and climate change, constitutes a major challenge for creating a sustainable development. Thus, the monitoring and assessment of mining effect is mandatory in understanding the impact on the primary physico-chemical characteristics of an environment. In this context, the paper presents the evolution of micro- and macro- nutrients in water, soil and sediment from two industrial areas from Romania (Copșa Mică industrial platform and Baia Sprie mining zone), in order to assess the impact of pollutants on ecosystems. Physico-chemical (pH, NH4+, NO3-, NO2-, TN, TP), base cations (Ca, Mg, Na and K) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn and Zn) have been analyzed in order to evaluate the quality of the environment. For some of the analyzed soils, the concentration of Zn, Mn and Fe exceeded the maximum permissible limits (MPL) imposed by the Romanian legislation, falling within the limit for Alert Thresholds for less sensitive soils. The correlation analysis on water quality parameters revealed that all parameters are more or less correlated with each other Person’s Correlation matrix. Overall, our results demonstrated that the knowledge of the physico-chemical regime of an environment is of great value in the determination of its productivity, usefulness and other characteristics which can facilitate further vegetation restoration and reconstruction and a sustainable development of the ecological environment in a polluted area.

Automatic Determination of Compatibility in Evolving Services

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Becker ◽  
Jim Pruyne ◽  
Sharad Singhal ◽  
Andre Lopes ◽  
Dejan Milojicic
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Determination ◽  
Service Oriented Architectures ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Run Time ◽  
The Impact

A major advantage of Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) is composition and coordination of loosely coupled services. Because the development lifecycles of services and clients are de-coupled, multiple service versions must be maintained to support older clients. Typically versions are managed within the SOA by updating service descriptions using conventions on version numbers and namespaces. In all cases, the compatibility among services descriptions must be evaluated, which can be hard, error-prone and costly if performed manually, particularly for complex descriptions. In this paper, the authors describe a method to automatically determine when two service descriptions are backward compatible. The authors describe a case study to illustrate version compatibility information in a SOA environment and present initial performance overheads. By automatically exploring compatibility information, a) service developers can assess the impact of proposed changes; b) proper versioning requirements can be put in client implementations guaranteeing that incompatibilities will not occur during run-time; and c) messages exchanged in the SOA can be validated to ensure that only expected messages or compatible ones are exchanged.

scholarly journals The Impact of Rural Fires on the Development of Invasive Species: Analysis of a Case Study with Acacia dealbata Link. in Casal do Rei (Seia, Portugal)

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Leonel J. R. Nunes ◽  
Mauro A. M. Raposo ◽  
Catarina I. R. Meireles ◽  
Carlos J. Pinto Gomes ◽  
Nuno M. C. Almeida Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Acacia Dealbata ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
The Impact

Biological invasions can affect ecosystems in different ways. Invasive forest species, such as Acacia dealbata Link., affect forests’ productivity, because they compete directly with native species for access to light and nutrients, contributing to the loss of biodiversity. In this study, an area occupied by A. dealbata, located in Casal do Rei (Seia, Portugal) was studied to evaluate the influence of fire in the dispersion of this species, analyzing the historical occurrence of rural fires in the region, as well as through the determination of its annual biomass production and comparing its growth with other species using satellite images. The research shows a competitive advantage for A. dealbata, even when compared to species, such as Eucalyptus globulus and Pinus pinaster, which practically disappeared from the location under study after a significant fire occurred in 2005, while A. dealbata continued to thrive.

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