scholarly journals Effect of graphene oxide (GO) and polyvinylpyrollidone (PVP) additives on the hydrophilicity of composite polyethersulfone (PES) membrane

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-366
Author(s):  
Nurul Fattin Diana Junaidi ◽  
Nur Hidayati Othman ◽  
Munawar Zaman Shahruddin ◽  
Nur Hashimah Alias ◽  
Woe Jye Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Casting Solution ◽  
Solution Preparation ◽  
Pure Water Flux ◽  
Pes Membrane

Membrane based separation system is considered as a promising technology to purify water, owing to its simplicity and efficiency in operation. However, the application is limited by membrane fouling, which can lead to the declination of water flux and premature failure of membrane. The fouling can be controlled through membrane surface modification by blending hydrophilic materials during the casting solution preparation. Polyethersulfone (PES) membrane is naturally hydrophobic due to lack of oxygen functional group, which limits its application in the filtration of water. Therefore, modification of PES-based membranes is required. In this work, modification of the PES membrane was carried out by incorporating carbon-based nanomaterials (graphene oxide (GO)) and a well-known organic polymer (polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)). The effect of each additive toward the hydrophilicity of composite PES membrane was then investigated. GO was synthesized using modified Hummers method due to its simpler and shorter process. Each additive was added during the casting solution preparation and the amount added was varied from 0.5 to 1.0 wt%. The resultant composite PES membranes were characterized using XRD, FTIR and TGA prior to hydrophilicity and pure water flux (PWF) measurement. It was observed that the additives (PVP and GO) have significantly affected the membranes hydrophilicity, resulting in lower contact angle and higher pure water flux. The highest value of PWF (230 L/m2.h) with lowest contact angle (42 °) were observed for PES-1.0GOPVP membrane due to high amount of GO and PVP. Improved PWF performance of composite PES-1.0GOPVP membrane was attributed to the better dispersibility of the PVP and GO and increased surface hydrophilicity of the modified composite membranes. This study indicated that PVP and GO are effective modifiers to enhance the performance of PES membrane

scholarly journals The Modification of PVDF Membrane via Crosslinking with Chitosan and Glutaraldehyde as the Crosslinking Agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Romaya Sitha Silitonga ◽  
Nurul Widiastuti ◽  
Juhana Jaafar ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Nidzhom Zainol Abidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Pvdf Membrane ◽  
Pure Water Flux ◽  
Modified Membrane

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has outstanding properties such as high thermal stability, resistance to acid solvents and good mechanical strength. Due to its properties, PVDF is widely used as a membrane matrix. However, PVDF membrane is hydrophobic properties, so as for specific applications, the surface of membrane needs to be modified to become hydrophilic. This research aims to modify PVDF membrane surface with chitosan and glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker agent. The FTIR spectra showed that the modified membrane has a peak at 1655 cm-1, indicating the imine group (–N=C)- that was formed due to the crosslink between amine group from chitosan and aldehyde group from glutaraldehyde. Results showed that the contact angle of the modified membrane decreases to 77.22° indicated that the membrane hydrophilic properties (< 90°) were enhanced. Prior to the modification, the contact angle of the PVDF membrane was 90.24°, which shows hydrophobic properties (> 90°). The results of porosity, Ɛ (%) for unmodified PVDF membrane was 55.39%, while the modified PVDF membrane has a porosity of 81.99%. Similarly, by modifying the PVDF membrane, pure water flux increased from 0.9867 L/m2h to 1.1253 L/m2h. The enhancement of porosity and pure water flux for the modified PVDF membrane was due to the improved surface hydrophilicity of PVDF membrane.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Assessment of ZnO Modified Polyethersulfone Membranes for Fouling Reduction of Bovine Serum Albumin

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshepo Duncan Dipheko ◽  
Kgabo Philemon Matabola ◽  
Kate Kotlhao ◽  
Richard M. Moutloali ◽  
Michael Klink
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Optimal Performance ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Pure Water Flux

ZnO/PES composite membranes were fabricated by phase inversion method using DMAc as a solvent. The structure of ZnO was investigated using TEM, SEM, XRD, and TGA. TEM images of ZnO nanoparticles were well-defined, small, and spherically shaped with agglomerated nanoparticles particles of 50 nm. The SEM and XRD results were an indication that ZnO nanoparticles were present in the prepared ZnO/PES composites membranes. Contact angle measurements were used to investigate surface structures of the composite membranes. The amount of ZnO nanoparticles on PES membranes was varied to obtain the optimal performance of the composite membranes in terms of pure water flux, flux recovery, and fouling resistance using the protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model organic foulant. The results showed that addition of ZnO to PES membranes improved the hydrophilicity, permeation, and fouling resistance properties of the membranes. Pure water flux increased from a low of 250 L/m2h for the neat membrane to a high of 410 L/m2h for the composite membranes. A high flux recovery of 80–94% was obtained for the composite membranes. The optimal performance of the composite membranes was obtained at 1.5 wt% of ZnO.

scholarly journals Removal of Dye from a Leather Tanning Factory by Flat-Sheet Blend Ultrafiltration (UF) Membrane

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Y. Ghadhban ◽  
Hasan Shaker Majdi ◽  
Khalid T. Rashid ◽  
Qusay F. Alsalhy ◽  
D. Shanthana Lakshmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Structural Formation ◽  
Blend Membrane ◽  
Flat Sheet ◽  
Pes Membrane

In this work, a flat-sheet blend membrane was fabricated by a traditional phase inversion method, using the polymer blends poly phenyl sulfone (PPSU) and polyether sulfone (PES) for the ultrafiltration (UF) application. It was hypothesized that adding PES to the PPSU polymer blend would improve the properties of the PPSU membrane. The effect of the PES concentration on the blend membrane properties was investigated extensively. The characteristics of PPSU-PES blend membranes were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measure, and contaminant (dye) elimination efficiency. This study showed that PES clearly affected the structural formation of the blended membranes. A considerable increase in the average roughness (about 93%) was observed with the addition of 4% PES, with a higher mean pore size accompanied by a rise in the pores’ density on the surface of the membrane. The addition of up to 4% PES had a significant influence on the hydrophilic character of the PPSU-PES membrane, by lowering the value of the contact angle (CA) (i.e., to 56.9°). The performance of the PPSU-PES composite membranes’ UF performance was systematically investigated, and the membrane pure water permeability (PWP) was enhanced by 25% with the addition of 4% PES. The best separation removal factor achieved in the current investigation for dye (Drupel Black NT) was 96.62% for a PPSU-PES (16:4 wt./wt.%) membrane with a 50% feed dye concentration.

scholarly journals Antifouling Polyethersulfone-Petrol Soot Nanoparticles Composite Ultrafiltration Membrane for Dye Removal in Wastewater

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Nkechi P. Nwafor ◽  
Richard M. Moutloali ◽  
Keneiloe Sikhwivhilu ◽  
Oluwole B. Familoni ◽  
Luqman A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Water Remediation ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Phase Inversion Technique ◽  
Pure Water Flux

Engineered nanoparticles are known to boost membrane performance in membrane technology. Hitherto, tunable properties that lead to improved hydrophilicity due to increased surface oxygen functionalities upon oxidation of petrol soot have not been fully exploited in membrane filtration technology. Herein, the integration of oxidized petrol soot nanoparticles (PSN) into polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes produced via phase inversion technique for dye removal in wastewater is reported. The nanoparticles, as well as the composite membranes, were characterized with diverse physicochemical methods, particularly TEM, SEM, BET, AFM, contact angle, etc. The effect of varying the ratio of PSN (0.05–1.0 wt %) on the properties of the composite membrane was evaluated. The composite membranes displayed increased hydrophilicity, enhanced pure water flux, and antifouling properties relative to the pristine membrane. For example, the obtained pure water flux increased from 130 L·m−2·h−1 for base membrane to 265 L·m−2·h−1 for the best composite membrane (M4). The best flux recovery ratio (FRR) observed for the membranes containing PSN was ca. 80% in contrast to 49% obtained with the pristine membrane indicative of the positive influence of PSN on membrane antifouling behavior. Furthermore, the PSN composite membranes displayed relatively selective anionic dye rejection of ˃95% for Congo red and between 50–71% for methyl orange compared with 42–96% rejection obtained for cationic methylene blue dye with increasing PSN content. The successful fabrication of polyethersulfone–PSN composite membranes by a simple blending process opens a novel route for the preparation of economical, functional, and scalable water purification membranes capable of addressing the complex issue of water remediation of organic azo dyes.

scholarly journals Effect of sonochemical synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles and coagulation bath temperature on morphology, thermal stability and pure water flux of asymmetric cellulose acetate membranes prepared via phase inversion method

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Abedini ◽  
Mahmoud Mousavi ◽  
Reza Aminzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Coagulation Bath ◽  
Pure Water Flux ◽  
Coagulation Bath Temperature

In this study, asymmetric pure CA and CA/ TiO2 composite membranes were prepared via phase inversion by dispersing TiO2 nanopaticles in the CA casting solutions induced by immersion precipitation in water coagulation bath. TiO2 nanoparticles, which were synthesized by the sonochemical method, were added into the casting solution with different concentrations. Effects of TiO2 nanoparticles concentration (0 wt. %, 5wt.%, 10wt.%, 15wt.%, 20wt.% and 25wt.%) and coagulation bath temperature (CBT= 25?C, 50?C and 75?C) on morphology, thermal stability and pure water flux (PWF) of the prepared membranes were studied and discussed. Increasing TiO2 concentration in the casting solution film along with higher CBT resulted in increasing the membrane thickness, water content (WC), membrane porosity and pure water flux (PWF), also these changes facilitate macrovoids formation. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that thermal stability of the composite membranes were improved by the addition of TiO2 nanopaticles. Also TGA results indicated that increasing CBT in each TiO2 concentration leads to the decreasing of decomposition temperature (Td) of hybrid membranes.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Polysulfone Based Hollow Fibre Composite Membranes for Water Purification

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Vijesh ◽  
P. C. Shyma ◽  
V. Prakash ◽  
B. Garudachari
Keyword(s):  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Cross Flow Filtration ◽  
Phase Inversion Technique ◽  
Pure Water Flux

Nanofiltration membranes are gaining more importance in the field of water treatment especially in desalination plants. Hollow fibre membranes have been preferred over other membrane configurations due to their high membrane surface area to module volume, mechanical property and easy handling. In the present work, we prepared new type of polysulfone (PSf) composite hollow fibre membranes by blending PSf with polyvinylpyrrolidinone-nitrobenzene (PVPD) in different compositions. New membranes were fabricated using wet-jet phase inversion technique. The resultant composite membranes were characterized by various analytical techniques such as water contact angle, SEM, DSC, TG. Pure water flux of the membranes was measured using cross-flow filtration techniques. The study revealed that increased composition of PVPD in casting solution resulted in a highly porous membrane structure and the pure water flux of the membranes increases in the same order.

scholarly journals Hydrophilicity Enhancement of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. M. Sabri ◽  
H. Hasbullah ◽  
N. Said ◽  
N. Ibrahim ◽  
R. M. Kasmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Phase Inversion Technique ◽  
Pure Water Flux ◽  
Bsa Rejection

Hydrophilicity property of membrane is a crucial feature in preventing fouling by most organic components including proteins. In this work, two different metal oxide nanoparticles were selected and their effects on hydrophilicity of polysulfone (PSf) flat sheet membrane for ultrafiltration were investigated. Addition of copper oxide (CuO) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) of 0.25 wt% concentration in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) were also compared to a neat PSf membrane. The membranes were prepared via dry-wet phase inversion technique with 18 wt% of PSf with 5 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The physical and chemical properties of the prepared membranes were observed by contact angle measurements, porosity, average pore size and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The membranes permeation performance was also examined in term of pure water flux (PWF) and protein rejection by using bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution. Contact angle value of CuO/PSf obtained was 67.1° that was lower than the neat PSf membrane of 87.9° whereas 68.1° for Fe2O3/PSf indicating that metal oxides addition did enhance the membrane hydrophilicity with CuO was slightly better than Fe2O3. The reduction in contact angle ensured that the pure water flux through the membrane with metal oxide additive would improve as well. For CuO, the PWF increased to 159.3 Lm-2hr-1 from 81.3 Lm-2hr-1 of neat PSf, while Fe2O3 showed the PWF at 93.4 Lm-2hr-1. Morphological analyses displayed asymmetric membranes with narrow finger-like structure were formed in this study. A well-formed dense top layer indicated that the membrane would possess good BSA rejection property with 92% of rejection achieved by CuO/PSf membrane. The incorporation of nanoparticles with the membrane is proven to be an effective mean to increase the membrane hydrophilicity with improved water flux and BSA rejection.

The Variations of Structure and Water Flux Performance of Porous Alumina Supported Graphene Oxide Membrane During Heat Treatment Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 611-620
Author(s):  
Xinying Qiao ◽  
Jianguo Huang ◽  
Weidong Li ◽  
Mintao Gou ◽  
Yangyang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Ceramic Substrate ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Membrane

Graphene oxide membrane was fabricated based on a silane-modified Al2O3 ceramic substrate via a parallel dip-coating method. The effect of thermal treatment on the structure and performance of graphene oxide membranes was mainly studied in this paper. The thermal behaviours of graphene oxide powder and membranes were analysed by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were applied for micro-morphology analysis. The category and content of chemical bonds were studied by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the interplanar spacing was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the thermal treatment temperature should not exceed 350 °C in order to ensure the integrity of the graphene oxide basic structure. The content of functional groups in graphene oxide was altered along with various temperatures, which led to changes in the contact angle and hydrophilicity. The pure water flux reached 15 L m–2 h –1 under 0.2 MPa pressure when the ceramic substrate was coated with 0.5 mg/mL graphene oxide dispersion and treated at 190 °C. The study indicates that the performance of the graphene oxide/ceramic composite membranes can be optimized by heat treatment.

Exploring the effects of graphene oxide concentration on properties and antifouling performance of PEES/GO ultrafiltration membranes

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saranya Bala ◽  
D Nithya ◽  
Mohan Doraisamy
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Surface Hydrophilicity ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Reflectance Ftir ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
Methyl Pyrrolidone

In this study, asymmetric polyphenylene-ether-ether-sulfone (PEES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes containing graphene oxide (GO) were prepared via non-solvent-induced phase separation process and N-methyl pyrrolidone was used as a solvent. The synthesis of GO was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction analysis. The morphology of the prepared GO nanosheets was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope. The membranes prepared with increasing concentrations of GO nanosheets were characterized by attenuated total reflectance-FTIR, SEM, atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle, and UF studies. The FTIR spectra of the GO embedded membranes reveal large amounts of –OH groups present due to the existence of GO nanosheets which improved its surface hydrophilicity. The contact angle of PEES/GO membrane was significantly lower than PEES membrane. The SEM pictures showed that PEES/GO UF membranes had a sponge-like substructure with the increased porosity and pore size. An AFM topography imaging showed that roughnesses of the modified membranes were improved compared to the pristine PEES membrane. The UF studies showed that the pure water flux ( JW) and the bovine serum albumin flux ( JP) were increased with the incorporation of GO into the blend solution. For the membrane with 0.1% GO content, JW increased by 75% and JP improved twofold which correspond to the maximum values of 186 and 113 L m−2 h−1, respectively. Furthermore, the flux recovery ratio results suggested that PEES/GO membranes have better antifouling characteristics due to the changes in membrane morphology and surface hydrophilicity.

Effect of Zinc Oxide on Performance of Ultrafiltration Membrane for Humic Acid Separation

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Zaini Yunos ◽  
Zawati Harun ◽  
Hatijah Basri ◽  
Mohd Fikri Shohur ◽  
Mohd Riduan Jamalludin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Ultrafiltration Membrane ◽  
Polysulfone Membrane ◽  
Oxide Concentration ◽  
Pure Water Flux

The effects of different zinc oxide concentration on morphology, contact angle, surface roughness and rejection towards humic acid in polysulfone membrane were investigated. Flatsheet ultrafiltration membrane were prepared by using polysulfone as based polymer, polyethylene glycol as  pore forming agent, zinc oxide as manipulated additive and TAP as compatibilizer. In this study, N, methyl-2-pyrrolidone were used as solvent and water as non solvent. The membrane were prepared via phase inversion method. Results showed that pure water flux was enhanced by the presence of zinc oxide up to 1 wt% and tend to decrease beyond this concentration. The increased pure water flux was attributed to the increase in hydrophilicity and  surface roughness of membrane according to contact angle and AFM measurement. The rejection test with humic acid as solute revealed that by increasing zinc oxide concentration, rejection increases up to 98% at 2 wt% of zinc oxide. Therefore polysulfone/zinc oxide in this study can provide potential application for river water treatment which consist high humic acid concentration.

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