scholarly journals Comparison of Resting-State Brain Activation between Healthy Normal and Low Auditory-Verbal Working Memory Capacity Participants

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-688
Author(s):  
Nur Ruzainah Gafoor ◽  
Ahmad Nazlim Yusoff ◽  
Elza Azri Othman ◽  
Nurul Hanim Nasaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
The Mind

Working memory (WM) capacity is the ability to maintain attention and store information briefly in the mind. However, each individual has a limited WM capacity that varies from one person to another. An individual can be categorized as having either normal or low WM capacity. This study aimed to evaluate and compare brain activations of healthy individuals with low and normal auditory-verbal WM capacity. A total of 39 healthy male young adults were recruited from local universities for this study. They were categorized into the normal and low auditory-verbal WM capacity group based on their score in the Malay Version of Auditory Verbal Learning Test (MVAVLT). All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans. The functional data were analyzed using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) and Wake Forest University (WFU) Pickatlas softwares. Brain activations and resting-state amplitude fluctuation (rsAF) were contrasted between groups to determine whether there were any significant differences caused by the different auditory-verbal WM capacity. The findings indicated that the low auditory-verbal WM capacity group showed significantly higher cortical activations in the left lingual gyrus, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, left calcarine, left superior frontal gyrus, and left precuneus as compared to normal auditory-verbal WM capacity group. It is suggested that the higher activation of these brain areas in low verbal-auditory WM capacity participants was attributed to the lower neural adaptability of the brain at rest.

scholarly journals The relationship between severity of apraxia of speech and working memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Zazo Ortiz ◽  
Fernanda Chapchap Martins
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Word List ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Episodic Buffer ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Based on previously observed relationships between working memory (WM) and speech, the current study investigated the relationship between degree of oral apraxia (AOS) and WM capacity. Methods: This study involved assessment and classification of degree of apraxia of speech in 22 apraxic participants and evaluation of WM capacity using digit span and word-list repetition tests. Both tests were able to assess the phonoarticulatory loop, while the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test investigated the phonoarticulatory loop and the episodic buffer. Results: Independently from the degree of apraxia of speech, all of participants presented compromise in WM. Conclusions: The data presented might suggest that individuals with AOS typically have WM impairment, but it is still not clear if the severity of AOS is related to WM capacity. Future studies could verify the relationship between the severity of apraxia and the severity of WM deficits.

Age-Related Decline in Verbal Learning Is Moderated by Demographic Factors, Working Memory Capacity, and Presence of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 822-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fofi Constantinidou ◽  
Ioannis Zaganas ◽  
Emmanouil Papastefanakis ◽  
Dimitrios Kasselimis ◽  
Andreas Nidos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Verbal Episodic Memory

AbstractAge-related memory changes are highly varied and heterogeneous. The study examined the rate of decline in verbal episodic memory as a function of education level, auditory attention span and verbal working memory capacity, and diagnosis of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI). Data were available on a community sample of 653 adults aged 17–86 years and 70 patients with a-MCI recruited from eight broad geographic areas in Greece and Cyprus. Measures of auditory attention span and working memory capacity (digits forward and backward) and verbal episodic memory (Auditory Verbal Learning Test [AVLT]) were used. Moderated mediation regressions on data from the community sample did not reveal significant effects of education level on the rate of age-related decline in AVLT indices. The presence of a-MCI was a significant moderator of the direct effect of Age on both immediate and delayed episodic memory indices. The rate of age-related decline in verbal episodic memory is normally mediated by working memory capacity. Moreover, in persons who display poor episodic memory capacity (a-MCI group), age-related memory decline is expected to advance more rapidly for those who also display relatively poor verbal working memory capacity. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–14)

Error Analysis in Neuropsychological Assessment of Verbal Memory and Learning

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Heubrock
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Learning Disorders ◽  
Memory And Learning ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Learning Test

Performance on a German version of the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) was investigated for 64 juvenile patients who were subdivided in 6 clinical groups. In addition to standard evaluation of AVLT protocols which is usually confined to items recalled correctly, an error analysis was performed. Differentiating between total errors (TE), repetition errors (RE), and misnamings (ME), substantial differences between clinical groups could be demonstrated. It is argued that error analysis of verbal memory and learning enriches the understanding of neuropsychological syndromes, and provides additional information for diagnostic and clinical use. Thus, it is possible to gain a more accurate picture so that patients can be appropriately retrained, and research into the functional causes of memory and learning disorders can be intensified.

scholarly journals Differential Cognitive Performance in Females and Males with Regular Cannabis Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 570-580
Author(s):  
Ashley M. Schnakenberg Martin ◽  
Deepak Cyril D’Souza ◽  
Sharlene D. Newman ◽  
William P. Hetrick ◽  
Brian F. O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Digit Span ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Learning Test

AbstractObjectives:Preclinical and clinical studies suggest that males and females may be differentially affected by cannabis use. This study evaluated the interaction of cannabis use and biological sex on cognition, and the association between observed cognitive deficits and features of cannabis use.Methods:Cognitive measures were assessed in those with regular, ongoing, cannabis use (N = 40; 22 female) and non-using peers (N = 40; 23 female). Intelligence, psychomotor speed, and verbal working memory were measured with the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Digit Symbol Test, and Digit Span and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, respectively. Associations between cognitive measures and cannabis use features (e.g., lifetime cannabis use, age of initiation, time since last use of cannabis, recent high-concentration tetrahydrocannabinoid exposure) were also evaluated.Results:No main effects of group were observed across measures. Significant interactions between group and biological sex were observed on measures of intelligence, psychomotor speed, and verbal learning, with greatest group differences observed between males with and without regular cannabis use. Psychomotor performance was negatively correlated with lifetime cannabis exposure. Female and male cannabis use groups did not differ in features of cannabis use.Conclusions:Findings suggest that biological sex influences the relationship between cannabis and cognition, with males potentially being more vulnerable to the neurocognitive deficits related to cannabis use.

scholarly journals Association of Anxiety Awareness with Risk Factors of Cognitive Decline in MCI

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Ariela Gigi ◽  
Merav Papirovitz
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Skin Conductivity ◽  
Learning Test

Studies demonstrate that anxiety is a risk factor for cognitive decline. However, there are also study findings regarding anxiety incidence among people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which mostly examined general anxiety evaluated by subjective questionnaires. This study aimed to compare subjective and objective anxiety (using autonomic measures) and anxiety as a general tendency and anxiety as a reaction to memory examination. Participants were 50 adults aged 59–82 years who were divided into two groups: MCI group and control group, according to their objective cognitive performance in the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Objective changes in the anxiety response were measured by skin conductivity in all tests and questionnaires. To evaluate subjective anxiety as a reaction to memory loss, a questionnaire on “state-anxiety” was used immediately after completing memory tests. Our main finding was that although both healthy and memory-impaired participants exhibited elevations in physiological arousal during the memory test, only healthy participants reported an enhanced state anxiety (p = 0.025). Our results suggest that people with MCI have impaired awareness of their emotional state.

Abstract 035: Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Young Adulthood and Cognitive Functioning 25 Years Later: The CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared P Reis ◽  
Catherine M Loria ◽  
Lenore J Launer ◽  
Stephen Sidney ◽  
Kiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Stroop Test ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Symbol Substitution ◽  
Learning Test

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-age is associated with later adulthood cognitive dysfunction; however, the consequences of suboptimal cardiovascular health in young adulthood are unclear. Methods: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study is a cohort of white and black men and women who were 18-30 years when a series of health behaviors (smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, diet) and health factors (total cholesterol, blood pressure, fasting glucose) were measured during a baseline clinic examination in 1985-1986. Included in the current study were 2,577 participants who completed an examination 25 years later when a cognitive battery to assess psychomotor speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test [DSST]), executive function (modified Stroop Test), and verbal memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT]) were administered. Ideal levels for each behavior and factor were defined according to the 2020 American Heart Association Goals for Cardiovascular Health. Associations were adjusted for age, sex, race, midlife educational attainment, and study center. Results: At baseline, the percentage of participants with 0-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6-7 ideal health factors were 1.2%, 7.2%, 19.6%, 34.9%, 29.2%, and 7.8%, respectively. Adjusted mean DSST and RAVLT scores were higher among those with a greater number of ideal health factors ( Table ). Each additional factor at the ideal level was associated with a 0.78-point higher DSST score (95% CI: 0.28 to 1.28) and a 0.13-point higher memory score (95% CI: 0.02 to 0.25). Results did not differ by race or sex (p-interaction > 0.05). The ideal cardiovascular health score was not associated with performance on the Stroop Test. Conclusion: In this population-based sample, ideal cardiovascular health in young adulthood was independently associated with cognitive functioning in midlife. Table. Adjusted * mean (standard error) cognitive function scores at Year 25 by number of ideal health behaviors and factors at baseline: CARDIA (n=2,577). No. of Ideal Health Factors at Baseline (% of population) 0-1 (1.2%) 2 (7.2%) 3 (19.6%) 4 (34.9%) 5 (29.2%) 6-7 (7.8%) p-trend DSST 70.0 (2.5) 65.7 (1.0) 68.7 (0.6) 69.4 (0.5) 70.0 (0.5) 69.9 (1.0) 0.003 Stroop Test 21.5 (1.6) 21.2 (0.6) 21.0 (0.3) 20.6 (0.3) 20.6 (0.3) 20.4 (0.5) 0.14 RAVLT 7.4 (0.6) 7.6 (0.2) 8.0 (0.1) 8.2 (0.1) 8.3 (0.1) 8.1 (0.2) 0.02 * Adjusted for age, sex, race, midlife educational attainment, and study center. DSST=Digit Symbol Substitution Test; RAVLT=Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test

scholarly journals Longitudinal Cognitive Performance in Individuals at Ultrahigh Risk for Psychosis: A 10-year Follow-up

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Allott ◽  
Stephen J Wood ◽  
Hok Pan Yuen ◽  
Alison R Yung ◽  
Barnaby Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract It remains unclear whether the onset of psychosis is associated with deterioration in cognitive performance. The aim of this study was to examine the course of cognitive performance in an ultrahigh risk (UHR) cohort, and whether change in cognition is associated with transition to psychosis and change in functioning. Consecutive admissions to Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation (PACE) Clinic between May 1994 and July 2000 who had completed a comprehensive cognitive assessment at baseline and follow-up were eligible (N = 80). Follow-up ranged from 7.3 to 13.4 years (M = 10.4 years; SD = 1.5). In the whole sample, significant improvements were observed on the Similarities (P = .03), Information (P < .01), Digit Symbol Coding (P < .01), and Trail Making Test-B (P = .01) tasks, whereas performance on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Trials 1–3) declined significantly (P < .01) over the follow-up period. Change in performance on cognitive measures was not significantly associated with transition status. Taking time to transition into account, those who transitioned after 1 year showed significant decline on Digit Symbol Coding, whereas those who did not transition improved on this measure (P = .01; effect size [ES] = 0.85). Small positive correlations were observed between improvements in functioning and improvements in performance on Digit Symbol Coding and Arithmetic (0.24, P = .03 and 0.28, P = .01, respectively). In summary, the onset of psychosis was not associated with deterioration in cognitive ability. However, specific findings suggest that immediate verbal learning and memory, and processing speed may be relevant domains for future risk models and early intervention research in UHR individuals.

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