scholarly journals Was There Federalism in the Brazilian Empire? A Case of Contrast Between Federal State and Federalism in 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Leonam Liziero
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Unitary State ◽  
Regional Concentration ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article aims to demonstrate that there were federative relations during the Empire of Brazil, with some reform during the regency period. The methodology used to measure the results focuses on the use of bibliographic sources from the 19th century and from more recent studies on the scope of the article. In addition, the use of documentary sources is present, since legislation of nineteenth-century Brazil is used, in particular, the Additional Act of 1834, which gives name to the present work. Although expressly provided for in the 1824 Political Charter that Brazil would constitute a Unitary State, in practice the increased regional concentration of political power led to a functioning situation such as a decentralized federal State. To this end, it begins with a brief demonstration of the antecedents of the Constitution of 1824. It then proceeds to treat the provision of this Constitution about the political organization to finally discuss the effects caused by the Additional Act of 1834.

scholarly journals A PERSONAGEM LOU COMO TRANSGRESSORA DAS NORMAS SOCIAIS IMPOSTAS À MULHER NO SÉCULO XIX EM HUMANA, DEMASIADO, HUMANA

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Dos Santos Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
The 19Th Century

Resumo O artigo apresenta um estudo da obra Humana, demasiado, humana, de Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira, com ênfase na análise das personagens femininas, em especial, Lou Salomé. Busca- se compreender como essas mulheres transgrediram os padrões da sociedade do século XIX, época em que as mulheres estavam excluídas do poder político e educacional pura e simplesmente. Palavras-chave: Mulheres. Transgressora. Lou Andreas Salomé. Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira. THE CHARACTER OF LOU AS A TRANSGRESSOR OF SOCIAL STANDARDS IMPOSED ON WOMEN IN THE 19TH CENTURY IN HUMAN, TOO, HUMANAbstract The article presents a study of Human, too, human, by Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira, emphasizing an analysis of female characters, particularly Lou Salome. We seek to understand how these women transgress the standards of the nineteenth century society, when women used to be excluded from political power and educational pure and simply. Keywords: Women. Transgressive. Lou Andreas Salomé. Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira.

scholarly journals A general theory of power concentration: demographic influences on political organization

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gerring ◽  
Matthew Maguire ◽  
Jillian Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Causal Factor ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Empirical Measures ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The 19Th Century

Why is the exercise of political power highly concentrated in some polities and widely dispersed in others? We argue that one important causal factor is demographic. Populous polities are characterized by less concentrated structures of authority. To explain this relationship, we invoke two mechanisms: heterogeneity and trust. The theory is demonstrated with a wide variety of empirical measures in cross-country analyses including most sovereign states and extending back to the 19th century. The result suggests the possibility of a ubiquitous ‘law’ of politics.

History, Politics, and Culture in the Highlands of Northeastern Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Thomas Håkansson
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Large Family ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Northern Tanzania ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Pangani Valley region in northern Tanzania is dominated by an arc of highlands that stretch from Usambara to Arusha. In this region, ecotonal variations in environments have shaped—and were in turn shaped by—cultural, political, and economic forces. Since the early 18th century three major events and shifts in regional and world systems dynamics affected significant economic and political changes on the highlands. First, the international ivory and slave trade increased in volume and organization; second, this led to an expansion of specialized pastoralism through an increased availability of cattle in the region; and third, at the end of the 19th century the region was included into a colonial state. The populations of the highlands were all organized into patrilineages and patriclans. Sometime in the late 1600s or early 1700s, several of the kinship-based, highland communities developed into chiefdoms of varying sizes and degrees of stratification. The ability of a chief to maintain a rudimentary administration and political power depended on the possession of wealth in the form of livestock, rights in persons, and rights in land. A part of household production in the form of crops, livestock, and beer was transmitted from farmers to chiefs as tribute. The most valued part of the tribute was cattle, which the chief needed to build a large family, to obtain debt-clients, and as gifts to lineage heads and the young men who served as warriors. Thus, the political cohesiveness of chiefdoms was ultimately contingent on the chiefs’ abilities to control the flow of cattle and to supply these to local lineage heads and subchiefs. The political strategies that maintained stratification in the highlands varied between the different areas. On Kilimanjaro, politics among the Chagga was based on marriage arrangements, while in North Pare it was control of land and irrigation that were used for political purposes, and in South Pare and Usambara control over rain-making rituals provided the cultural justification for the centralization of power. Cattle were the main resource for implementing culturally defined political strategies. Their importance was exacerbated during the 19th century when increased political turmoil caused by participation in the coastal trade opened new avenues for access to wealth outside the kinship-based networks. As a result, new actors entered into competition for cattle and political power that resulted in increased tribute demands, as well as raiding and warfare.

scholarly journals Islam Jawa dan Akulturasi Budaya: karakteristik, Variasi dan ketaatan ekspresif

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ummi Sumbulah
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Character ◽  
The Face ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
The 19Th Century

<p>Javanese Islam has a character and a unique religious expressions. This is because the spread of Islam in Java, more dominant takes the form of acculturation, both absorbing and dialogical. The pattern of Islam and Javanese acculturation, as well as can be seen on the expression of the Java community, is also supported by the political power of Islamic kingdom of Java, especially Mataram which had brought Islam to the Javanese cosmology Hinduism and Buddhism. Although there are f luctuations in the relation of Islam to the Javanese culture, especially the era of the 19th century, but the face looks acculturative Javanese Islam dominant in almost every religious expressions Muslim communities in this region, so the aspect of ”syncretic” and tolerance of religions into one distinctive cultural character of Javanese Islam.</p> <p> </p> <p>Agama Islam di Jawa memiliki karakter dan ekspresi keberagamaan yang unik. Hal ini karena penyebaran Islam di Jawa, lebih dominan mengambil bentuk akultrasi, baik yang bersifat menyerap maupun dialogis. Pola akulturasi Islam dan budaya Jawa, di samping bisa dilihat pada ekspresi masyarakat Jawa, juga didukung dengan kekuasaan politik kerajaan Islam Jawa, terutama Mataram yang berhasil mempertemukan Islam Jawa dengan kosmologi Hinduisme dan Budhisme. Kendati ada fluktuasi relasi Islam dengan budaya Jawa terutama era abad ke 19-an, namun wajah Islam Jawa yang akulturatif terlihat dominan dalam hampir setiap ekspresi keberagamaan masyarakat muslim di wilayah ini, sehingga ”sinkretisme” dan toleransi agama-agama menjadi satu watak budaya yang khas bagi Islam Jawa.</p><br />

scholarly journals Discourse against Catholic Doctrine in Tǝgray (Ethiopia): A Nineteenth Century Text

Aethiopica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
Stéphane Ancel
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
North East ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article deals with a peculiar document that was found during a field research conducted by the team of the Ethio-SPARE project during the spring 2010 in church libraries of Gulo Mäkäda wäräda, north-east Təgray (historical ʿAgame). This document is a Gəʿəz text written during the 19th century and dedicated to the refutation of the Catholic doctrine. Because of its apparent historical significance, the text and its translation are presented here. Taking into consideration the literary form (discourse) of the work and the place where it was found (the area of the active Catholic preaching) we can assume that the text is a summary of the anti-Catholic argumentation, possibly used by the Orthodox priests, and a witness of the local attitude to the Catholic missionary activities. The treatise does not provide any hints to the political issues of the Catholic settlement in Ethiopia. However, it does highlight some elements of the discourse against Catholic faith in the context of the emergence of a strong religious Täwaḥǝәdo identity.

Economic Thinking of Arab Muslim Writers During the Nineteenth Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-640
Author(s):  
Memduh Erdogan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
Economic Thinking ◽  
The 19Th Century

A unique contribution of the book is its depiction of economic thought through the lenses of many personalities representing varied sections of the society. So, by gathering these personalities of statesmen to literati, Islahi tries to present an encompassing spectrum of the economic thought produced in the 19th century with an exclusive look to the Arab world. Moreover, Islahi puts an effort to contextualize the views of these personalities with references to the political and economic conditions surrounding them.

scholarly journals The Main Dramatic Features of Melodrama: A Dramatic Study of Maria Martin and Sweeney Todd And Their Traces In Modern Soap Operas

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (26) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Lutfi Hamadi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Soap Operas ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper attempts an exploration of the prosperity of melodrama in the nineteenth century with its literary shortcomings in comparison with more serious and deeper plays before and after that era. Shedding light on the political, social, and economic changes that took place in Europe in general and in England in particular, this study tries to show how melodrama reflected these changes and represented the new rising middle class with all their values, beliefs, and interests. In addition, the paper shows similarities between melodrama and modern soap operas and movies, with their artificially fabricated plots and endings, unconvincing characters, and irrational incidents and coincidences. For this purpose, the study will trace the main dramatic features of melodrama and mark them out in two of the most notable melodramas of that period, namely Maria Martin and Sweeney Todd, which were adapted and produced cinematically. The paper will conclude how changes in different aspects of society are definitely reflected on the literary works during a certain period of time. The methodology will include an historical overview, shedding light on the changes that took place in England in the 19th century, comparing and contrasting melodramas and other more important literary forms, together with the two plays to be studied as examples. To achieve credibility, the paper will refer to works by remarkable thinkers and critics in the field, illustrate by using quotes from both plays, and interpret and analyze their function and importance.

THE IDEA OF «COMMUNITY» IN THE GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS OF GALICIA OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Ilyn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the views of social and political thinkers of Galicia in the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. on the right and manner of organizing a nation-state as a cathedral. Method. The methodology includes a set of general scientific, special legal, special historical and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematic and comprehensive. The problem-chronological approach made it possible to identify the main stages of the evolution of the content of the idea of catholicity in Galicia's legal thought of the 19th century. Results. It is established that the idea of catholicity, which was borrowed from church terminology, during the nineteenth century. acquired clear legal and philosophical features that turned it into an effective principle of achieving state unity and integrity. For the Ukrainian statesmen of the 19th century. the idea of catholicity became fundamental in view of the separation of Ukrainians between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. The idea of unity of Ukrainians of Galicia and the Dnieper region, formulated for the first time by the members of the Russian Trinity, underwent a long evolution and received theoretical reflection in the work of Bachynsky's «Ukraine irredenta». It is established that catholicity should be understood as a legal principle, according to which decisions are made in dialogue, by consensus, and thus able to satisfy the absolute majority of citizens of the state. For Galician Ukrainians, the principle of unity in the nineteenth century. implemented through the prism of «state» and «international» approaches. Scientific novelty. The main stages of formation and development of the idea of catholicity in the views of social and political figures of Halychyna of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries are highlighted in the work. and highlighting the distinctive features of «national statehood» that they promoted and understood as possible in the process of unification of Ukrainian lands into one state. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

The Concept of “Zemsky Sobor” in the Interpretation of State Authority in Russia of the 19th Century: From Karamzin to Stepnyak-Kravchinsky

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Badalyan
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
State Authority ◽  
The 19Th Century

“Zemsky Sobor” was one of the key concepts in Russian political discourse in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. It can be traced to the notion well-known already since the 17th century. Still in the course of further evolution it received various mew meaning and connotations in the discourse of different political trends. The author of the article examines various stages of this concept configuring in the works of the Decembrists, especially Slavophiles, and then in the political projects and publications of the socialists, liberals and “aristocratic” opposition.

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