Evaluation of milkfat and milkprotein production in inbred and outbred Holstein cows

The aim of this study was to explore the depression effects of level of inbreeding on kg of fat and protein presented in the form of breeding values. The data included cows calved in the years 1990–2006 at farms in the Czech Republic. Inbred cows were grouped according to Fxcoefficients (Fx= 1.25%, Fx= 2.0–3.125%, Fx= 4.0–12.5% and Fx= total). The breeding values for inbred cows were compared with their outbred equals (2689 equals in sum) – half–sisters, sharing the same sire, dam reaching the same breeding value (± 5%) and their first calving occurring at the same farm, at the same time (±2 month). The PROC GLM of SAS®with fixed effects (age at first calving, year of calving, number of lactations, first calving interval and relative breeding value of sire and dam were applied to all data).In the groups with Fxcoefficients (Fx= 1.25 %, Fx= 2.0–3.125 %, Fx= 4.0–12.5 % and Fx= total) we found a decrease in the breeding values of kg fat in inbred cows of −1.48; 0.17; −8.26 and −0.51 kg. In the case of protein content the depressed production in inbred cows was: −0.58; −0.48; −3.21 and −0.94 kg. These differences were significant (p ≤ 0.01) in the group with the highest Fxvalue (Fx= 4.0–12.5%). The inbred animals showed higher variability within the range of observed corrected breeding values (Yijklmno) for kg of fat and protein.The results also show that increasing the level of parents (as RBV) caused a very significant increase in production both in inbred and outbred daughters but greater increase in fat and protein was evident in the non–inbred cows.

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Estimation of the breeding value of sport horses in the Czech Republic

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200452010145 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 145-152

Author(s):

Iva Jiskrová

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Random Effects ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Prediction Method ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Progeny Testing ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Estimated Breeding Values

The performance of 10671 horses in 10911 sport competitions was used to estimate the breeding value of the population of the Czech warm-blooded horses using the Best Linear Unibased Prediction method. The sport performance was estimated on the basis of the number of bad points (penalties) in jumping competitions. We analysed 252781 sporting results in the period 1991 – 2002. The estimations encompassed the fixed effects of sex, age, level of the competition and random effects of the breeder, rider, competition and the permanent environment. We compared the original and innovated calculations of the estimate of the breeding value of sport horses in the Czech Republic. We then compiled a list of estimated breeding values for stallions having 30 or more offspring and we compared the estimated breeding values with the results of the official system of progeny testing for performance in the Czech Republic.

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Analysis of Czech cold-blooded horses: genetic parameters, breeding value and the influence of inbreeding depression on linear description of conformation and type characters

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/1430-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 217-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. Vostrý ◽

Z. Čapková ◽

J. Přibyl ◽

K. Mach

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Inbreeding Depression ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Residual Variance ◽

Linear Type ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Breeding Values

Genetic parameters, breeding values and inbreeding depression for 22 linear type description of conformation and type characters and 4 body measurements were evaluated in a group of 1744 horses of three original cold-blooded breeds in the Czech Republic in a long period of 18 years (1990–2007). Based on the values of Akaike's information criterion, residual variance and heritability coefficient, a model with fixed effects (sex, year of description, breed, and classifier) and with a random effect (animal) was selected. Heritability coefficients for the particular traits were in the range of 0.11 to 0.55 and genetic correlations ranged from –0.63 to 0.97. Inbreeding depression, expressed as coefficients of regression on one percent of inbreeding, was in the range of –0.0992 to 0.0242 points for the particular traits. The inclusion of inbreeding depression in the model resulted in a moderate change in h2 in one-third of the traits. In two-thirds of traits, the value of rG increased or decreased by 0.01. Standard deviations of the breeding values for linear type description of conformation and type characters were in the range of 0.30 to 0.72 and 0.62 to 6.18 for body measurement traits. Among breeding values estimated by a model without inbreeding depression and a model with inbreeding depression, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient values for the particular traits were 0.916–0.999 (sample of all horses), 0.710–0.992 (10% of the best horses) and 0.827–0.998 (10% of the worst horses). If the average value of the inbreeding coefficient is low (0.03), then it is not necessary to include the influence of inbreeding depression in the model for the genetic evaluation of individuals of original cold-blooded horses kept in the Czech Republic.

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The effect of inbreeding on milk traits in Holstein cattle in the Czech Republic

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-51-415-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 415-425

Author(s):

J. Bezdíček ◽

J. Šubrt ◽

R. Filipčík

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Milk Production ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Regression Coefficient ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Milk Traits ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Similar Tendency

Abstract. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of the level of inbreeding on the milk production (MP) and the breeding values (BV) of milk production. Data included cows calved in years 1990-2005 at farms in the Czech Republic. Inbred cows were grouped according to Fx coefficient (Fx = 1.25 %, Fx = 2.0–3.125 %, Fx = 4.0–12.5 % and Fx = total). MP and BV of inbred cows were compared with their outbred equals – half-sisters, sharing the same sire (n = 2,063), dam reached the same breeding value (±5 %) and their first calving happened in the same farm and at the same time (±2 months). The PROC GLM of SAS® with fixed effects (age at first calving, year of calving, number of lactations, first calving interval and relative breeding value of the sire and dam) was applied to all data. In the examined groups of Fx coefficient milk production of inbred cows at the first lactation decreased of −103.02, −236.8, −472.24 and −247.65 kg of milk. Also an insignificant increase of percentage of fat was found in most of the inbred groups: −0.0025, +0.1204, −0.0064 and +0.0708, as well as percentage of protein: −0.0063, +0.0365, −0.0346 and +0.0157. A similar tendency was also found when the milk production was represented by breeding values. Breeding value for milk in kg showed a decrease of −36.57, −43.55, −92.23 and −50.81 kg milk. Breeding value for fat percentage showed in inbred animals an increase of +0.0068, +0.0394, +0.0152 and +0.0251 %. A similar increase was also found in breeding value for protein percentage: +0.0015, +0.0216, −0.0035 and +0.0134 %. The Fx coefficient increasing by 1 % decreases milk production (regression coefficient) by 59.75 kg milk and increases fat and protein by +0.0112 % and +0.0030 %.

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The effects of inbreeding on service period and pregnancy length in Holsteins and Czech Fleckviehs after the first calving

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-50-455-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 455-463

Author(s):

J. Bezdíček ◽

J. Šubrt ◽

R. Filipčík ◽

M. Bjelka ◽

A. Dufek

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Milk Production ◽

Inbreeding Depression ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Calving Interval ◽

Age At First Calving ◽

Average Value ◽

Service Period ◽

Inbreeding Level

Abstract. The effects of inbreeding level on service period (SP) and pregnancy length (PL) were monitored in Holstein and Czech Fleckvieh after the first calving. The levels of inbreeding (FX) ranged from 1.25 to 25 %. SP and PL of inbred cows were compared with their outbred equals – half-sisters, sharing the same sire (n = 1824) and their first calving happened in the same farm and at the same time (± 3 month). Database with the number of 631 810 animals (year of calving 1985–2004) was used for analyses. Inbred cows were grouped according to Fx coefficient (1.5-2.3 %; 3.0-5.0 %; 8.0-12.5 %; 25 %). The GLM with fixed effects (the breed, breeding value of the sire and monitored individual for milk production, year of calving, age at first calving) was applied to all data. The effect of inbreeding depression on SP was more pronounced at higher levels of inbreeding (+2.81; +3.35; +4.53; +8.23 d, respectively according to above mentioned Fx groups) but non-significant. Differences in PL (+0.3; +0.32; -0.08 and 1.68 d) were not significant either. Average value of PL for inbred animals was 0.43 d higher. The correlation coefficient was +0.023 for SP and +0.0658 for PL. The Fx coefficient increasing by 1 % extends the SP by 0.22 day and PL by 0.063 day. There was a higher variability of SP and PL in inbred cows. The length of calving interval between the first and second lactation is affected more by SP than PL.

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Genomic Breeding Values for Claw Diseases/Disorders in Czech Holstein Cows

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201967051245 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (5) ◽

pp. 1245-1251

Author(s):

Ludmila Zavadilová ◽

Eva Kašná ◽

Zuzana Krupová

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Genetic Effect ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Additive Genetic Effect ◽

Genomic Information ◽

White Line ◽

Genomic Breeding ◽

Breeding Values

Genomic breeding values (GEBV) were predicted for claw diseases/disorders in Holstein cows. The data sets included 6,498, 6,641 and 16,208 cows for the three groups of analysed disorders. The analysed traits were infectious diseases (ID), including digital and interdigital dermatitis and interdigital phlegmon, and non-infectious diseases (NID), including ulcers, white line disease, horn fissures, and double sole and overall claw disease (OCD), comprising all recorded disorders. Claw diseases/disorders were defined as 0/1 occurrence per lactation. Linear animal models were employed for prediction of conventional breeding values (BV) and genomic breeding values (GEBV), including the random additive genetic effect of animal and the permanent environmental effect of cow and fixed effects of parity, herd, year and month of calving. Both high and intermediate weights (80% and 50%, respectively) of genomic information were employed for GEBV50 and GEBV80 prediction. The estimated heritability for ID was 3.47%, whereas that for NID 4.61% and for OCD was 2.29%. Approximate genetic correlations among claw diseases/disorders traits ranged from 19% (ID x NID) to 81% (NID x OCD). The correlations between predicted BV and GEBV50 (84–99%) were higher than those between BV and GEBV80 (70–98%). Reliability of breeding values was low for each claw disease/disorder (on average, 3.7 to 14.8%) and increased with the weight of genomic information employed.

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Stability of Aberdeen Angus breeding values in the Czech Republic from 1997 to 2007

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/3840-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 11) ◽

pp. 509-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

DucháčekJ ◽

PřibylJ ◽

L. Stádník ◽

VostrýL ◽

BeranJ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Direct Effect ◽

Maternal Effect ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Genetic Effect ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Angus Cattle ◽

The Stability

We predict the stability of breeding values (BVs) for direct effect (DE) and maternal effect (ME) for live weights at 210 days of age in the entire population of purebred Aberdeen Angus cattle in the Czech Republic according to an increase of progeny number in performance recording over a period of 11 years (1997 to 2007) and the course of BVs for DE and ME during the years of observation in animals born until 1997.  Furthermore we compare genetic trends of BVs for DE and ME among animals born in different years and detect the level and significance of correlation coefficients among predictions of BVs for DE and ME performed during the years of observation. The animal model and the BLUPF90 programme were used for these predictions. The used model included the effects of animal, sex, contemporary group, dam, age of dam, and permanent environment of dam. The variance of BVs ranged from 4.96 to 10.87 depending on the year of evaluation and whether it was related to maternal or direct genetic effect. The animals were initially assigned to groups according to their BV in 1997, and this ranking was not affected by the BVs predicted in subsequent years. The existence of a negative correlation between direct and maternal effects was confirmed. The significant correlations (P < 0.0001) demonstrated a strong relationship between the BVs predicted in successive years, e.g. the correlation coefficient for the relationship between BVs for direct effect predicted in the last years of the examined period was above 0.9 and that for maternal effect was above 0.8.

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Analysis of non-genetic and genetic influences underlying the growth of Kajli lambs

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v50i4.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 613-625

Author(s):

A. Ali ◽

K. Javed ◽

I. Zahoor ◽

K.M. Anjum

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Genetic Correlation ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Season Of Birth ◽

Genetic Trend ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Heritability Estimates ◽

Birth Type

Data on 2931 Kajli lambs, born from 2007 to 2018, were used to quantify environmental and genetic effects on growth performance of Kajli sheep. Traits considered for evaluation were birth weight (BWT), 120-day adjusted weight (120DWT), 180-day adjusted weight (180DWT), 270-day adjusted weight (270DWT), and 365-day adjusted weight (365DWT). Fixed effects of year of birth, season of birth, sex, birth type, and dam age on these traits were evaluated using linear procedures of SAS, 9.1. Similarly, BWT, 120DWT, 180DWT, and 270DWT were used as fixed effects mixed model analyses. Variance components, heritability and breeding values were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. The genetic trend for each trait was obtained by regression of the estimated breeding values (EBV) on year of birth. Analyses revealed substantial influence of birth year on all traits. Sex and birth type were the significant sources of variation for BWT and 120DWT. Season of birth did not influence birth weight meaningfully, but had a significant role in the expression of 120DWT, 180DWT, and 270DWT. Heritability estimates were generally low (0.003 ± 0.018 to 0.099 ± 0.067) for all traits. With the exception of the genetic correlation of 180DWT and 365DWT, the genetic correlations between trait were strong and positive. Only 365DWT had a positive genetic trend. Although the heritability estimates for almost all weight traits were low, high and positive genetic correlations between BWT and other weight traits suggest that selection based on BWT would result in the improvement of other weight traits as a correlated response.Keywords: bodyweight, breeding value, genetic correlation, sheep

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Breeding value for type traits in beef cattle in theCzech Republic

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/4223-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 385-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Z. Veselá ◽

J. Přibyl ◽

P. Šafus ◽

L. Vostrý ◽

K. Šeba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Genetic Correlations ◽

Live Weight ◽

Breeding Value ◽

Body Measurements ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Production Type ◽

Type Traits ◽

Method Of Evaluation ◽

Range Of Values

The type was evaluated in 5 424 young animals of twelve beef breeds. Ten type traits were evaluated: height at sacrum (HS), body length (BL), live weight (LW), front chest width (CW), chest depth (CD), pelvis (P), shoulder muscling (SM), back muscling (BM), rump muscling (RM) and production type (PT). The traits represent two groups: (1) traits scoring body measurements and body capacity (HS, BL, LW, CW, CD, P) and (2) traits scoring muscling (SM, BM, RM, PT). These fixed effects were included in the model: breed, sex, HYS, mother’s age, linear regression on age at evaluation and average gain from birth to evaluation. Fixed effects in the model explained 40% to 60% of variability. The highest values of heritability coefficient were estimated for HS (h2 = 0.51) and LW (h2 = 0.50). BL had the lowest values of heritability coefficient (h2 = 0.25). The values h2 = 0.25–0.32 were calculated for the traits scoring body capacity (CW, CD, P). The range of values for muscling traits was h2 = 0.26–0.35. The coefficient of heritability for PT was h2 = 0.34. All traits scoring muscling and PT showed high genetic correlations (rg > 0.95). The traits scoring body capacity (P, CW, CD) were highly genetically correlated with muscling rg > 0.83. Breeding values were determined by a multi-trait animal model. Standard deviations of breeding values were higher in HS (sBV = 0.71) and LW (sBV = 0.84), which was connected with a different method of evaluation of these traits. They were in the range of 0.19 (BL) to 0.30 (RM) in the other traits.

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Regional disparities in Covid and mobility in the Czech Republic (with patterns for employment)

10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-25 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aleksandr Shemetev ◽

Marek Feurich ◽

Helena Mitwallyová

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Human Mobility ◽

Research Question ◽

Graphical Analysis ◽

Government Support ◽

Grocery Stores ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Infected People ◽

The Government

The research question is if an increase in pandemics corresponds with significant changes in mobility (supported by the public stay-at-home orders and willing decrease of movements) by the spheres of economic activities (parks (leisure time spending), grocery stores, workplaces, pharmacies, transportation stations, retail, recreation, and home) in the Czech Republic. The additional research question is if this pattern correlates with a high decrease in salaries and employment. This paper aims to answer these research questions. This research applies the graphical analysis and fixed-effects regression methods for high-frequency data for answering these questions. The main result is that an increase in the number of infected people significantly decreases human mobility and increases their visits to pharmacies and staying at homes. At the same time, the government support measures can be effective, because there is no huge drop in salaries and employment in the Czech Regions. This pattern contradicts the expectations based on the US patterns. The output of the regression analysis is that 2-5 thousand new infections a day can paralyze mobility in the entire region.

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Polymorphisms in CSN3, CSN2 and LGB Genes and Their Relation to Milk Production in Dairy Cattle in the Czech Republic

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201967010019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jindřich Čítek ◽

Lenka Hanusová ◽

Lucie Lískovcová ◽

Eva Samková ◽

Oto Hanuš ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Protein Content ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Protein Production ◽

Allele Frequencies ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Associative Analysis ◽

Genotype And Allele Frequencies

The principal objective of this study was to perform genotyping of the CSN3, CSN2 and LGB genes in selected dairy cattle breeds in the Czech Republic, to determine genotype and allele frequencies and to perform an associative analysis on milk yield in kg, the percentage of fat and protein content, and fat and protein production in kg. The AA was the most frequent genotype for CSN3 with a frequency of 0.474 and the A allele (0.694). The BB genotype (0.814) and the B allele (0.895) predominated in CSN2 gene. Other genotyping was performed for the A1 and A2 alleles, the most frequent were the A2A2 genotype (0.475) and the A2 allele (0.680). The heterozygous AB genotype with a frequency of 0.900 was the most frequent in the LGB gene. A statistically significant higher protein content was found in the AB genotype in comparison to the BB in gene for CSN2. In the remaining cases, the effect of CSN3, CSN2 and LGB polymorphic variations on the milk production indicators was not statistically significant.

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