scholarly journals Estimation of the breeding value of sport horses in the Czech Republic

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Iva Jiskrová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

The performance of 10671 horses in 10911 sport competitions was used to estimate the breeding value of the population of the Czech warm-blooded horses using the Best Linear Unibased Prediction method. The sport performance was estimated on the basis of the number of bad points (penalties) in jumping competitions. We analysed 252781 sporting results in the period 1991 – 2002. The estimations encompassed the fixed effects of sex, age, level of the competition and random effects of the breeder, rider, competition and the permanent environment. We compared the original and innovated calculations of the estimate of the breeding value of sport horses in the Czech Republic. We then compiled a list of estimated breeding values for stallions having 30 or more offspring and we compared the estimated breeding values with the results of the official system of progeny testing for performance in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Evaluation of milkfat and milkprotein production in inbred and outbred Holstein cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Jiří Bezdíček ◽  
Jan Šubrt ◽  
Radek Filipčík ◽  
Jan Říha
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Age At First Calving

The aim of this study was to explore the depression effects of level of inbreeding on kg of fat and protein presented in the form of breeding values. The data included cows calved in the years 1990–2006 at farms in the Czech Republic. Inbred cows were grouped according to Fxcoefficients (Fx= 1.25%, Fx= 2.0–3.125%, Fx= 4.0–12.5% and Fx= total). The breeding values for inbred cows were compared with their outbred equals (2689 equals in sum) – half–sisters, sharing the same sire, dam reaching the same breeding value (± 5%) and their first calving occurring at the same farm, at the same time (±2 month). The PROC GLM of SAS®with fixed effects (age at first calving, year of calving, number of lactations, first calving interval and relative breeding value of sire and dam were applied to all data).In the groups with Fxcoefficients (Fx= 1.25 %, Fx= 2.0–3.125 %, Fx= 4.0–12.5 % and Fx= total) we found a decrease in the breeding values of kg fat in inbred cows of −1.48; 0.17; −8.26 and −0.51 kg. In the case of protein content the depressed production in inbred cows was: −0.58; −0.48; −3.21 and −0.94 kg. These differences were significant (p ≤ 0.01) in the group with the highest Fxvalue (Fx= 4.0–12.5%). The inbred animals showed higher variability within the range of observed corrected breeding values (Yijklmno) for kg of fat and protein.The results also show that increasing the level of parents (as RBV) caused a very significant increase in production both in inbred and outbred daughters but greater increase in fat and protein was evident in the non–inbred cows.

scholarly journals Analysis of Czech cold-blooded horses: genetic parameters, breeding value and the influence of inbreeding depression on linear description of conformation and type characters

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 217-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vostrý ◽  
Z. Čapková ◽  
J. Přibyl ◽  
K. Mach
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Breeding Values

Genetic parameters, breeding values and inbreeding depression for 22 linear type description of conformation and type characters and 4 body measurements were evaluated in a group of 1744 horses of three original cold-blooded breeds in the Czech Republic in a long period of 18 years (1990&ndash;2007). Based on the values of Akaike's information criterion, residual variance and heritability coefficient, a model with fixed effects (sex, year of description, breed, and classifier) and with a random effect (animal) was selected. Heritability coefficients for the particular traits were in the range of 0.11 to 0.55 and genetic correlations ranged from &ndash;0.63 to 0.97. Inbreeding depression, expressed as coefficients of regression on one percent of inbreeding, was in the range of &ndash;0.0992 to 0.0242 points for the particular traits. The inclusion of inbreeding depression in the model resulted in a moderate change in h<sup>2</sup> in one-third of the traits. In two-thirds of traits, the value of r<sub>G</sub> increased or decreased by 0.01. Standard deviations of the breeding values for linear type description of conformation and type characters were in the range of 0.30 to 0.72 and 0.62 to 6.18 for body measurement traits. Among breeding values estimated by a model without inbreeding depression and a model with inbreeding depression, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient values for the particular traits were 0.916&ndash;0.999 (sample of all horses), 0.710&ndash;0.992 (10% of the best horses) and 0.827&ndash;0.998 (10% of the worst horses). If the average value of the inbreeding coefficient is low (0.03), then it is not necessary to include the influence of inbreeding depression in the model for the genetic evaluation of individuals of original cold-blooded horses kept in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals The effect of inbreeding on milk traits in Holstein cattle in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-425
Author(s):  
J. Bezdíček ◽  
J. Šubrt ◽  
R. Filipčík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Similar Tendency

Abstract. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of the level of inbreeding on the milk production (MP) and the breeding values (BV) of milk production. Data included cows calved in years 1990-2005 at farms in the Czech Republic. Inbred cows were grouped according to Fx coefficient (Fx = 1.25 %, Fx = 2.0–3.125 %, Fx = 4.0–12.5 % and Fx = total). MP and BV of inbred cows were compared with their outbred equals – half-sisters, sharing the same sire (n = 2,063), dam reached the same breeding value (±5 %) and their first calving happened in the same farm and at the same time (±2 months). The PROC GLM of SAS® with fixed effects (age at first calving, year of calving, number of lactations, first calving interval and relative breeding value of the sire and dam) was applied to all data. In the examined groups of Fx coefficient milk production of inbred cows at the first lactation decreased of −103.02, −236.8, −472.24 and −247.65 kg of milk. Also an insignificant increase of percentage of fat was found in most of the inbred groups: −0.0025, +0.1204, −0.0064 and +0.0708, as well as percentage of protein: −0.0063, +0.0365, −0.0346 and +0.0157. A similar tendency was also found when the milk production was represented by breeding values. Breeding value for milk in kg showed a decrease of −36.57, −43.55, −92.23 and −50.81 kg milk. Breeding value for fat percentage showed in inbred animals an increase of +0.0068, +0.0394, +0.0152 and +0.0251 %. A similar increase was also found in breeding value for protein percentage: +0.0015, +0.0216, −0.0035 and +0.0134 %. The Fx coefficient increasing by 1 % decreases milk production (regression coefficient) by 59.75 kg milk and increases fat and protein by +0.0112 % and +0.0030 %.

scholarly journals A note on genetic parameters and accuracy of estimated breeding values in honey bees

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert W. Brascamp ◽  
Piter Bijma
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Additive Genetic Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background In honey bees, observations are usually made on colonies. The phenotype of a colony is affected by the average breeding value for the worker effect of the thousands of workers in the colony (the worker group) and by the breeding value for the queen effect of the queen of the colony. Because the worker group consists of multiple individuals, interpretation of the variance components and heritabilities of phenotypes observed on the colony and of the accuracy of selection is not straightforward. The additive genetic variance among worker groups depends on the additive genetic relationship between the drone-producing queens (DPQ) that produce the drones that mate with the queen. Results Here, we clarify how the relatedness between DPQ affects phenotypic variance, heritability and accuracy of the estimated breeding values of replacement queens. Second, we use simulation to investigate the effect of assumptions about the relatedness between DPQ in the base population on estimates of genetic parameters. Relatedness between DPQ in the base generation may differ considerably between populations because of their history. Conclusions Our results show that estimates of (co)variance components and derived genetic parameters were seriously biased (25% too high or too low) when assumptions on the relationship between DPQ in the statistical analysis did not agree with reality.

scholarly journals Stability of Aberdeen Angus breeding values in the Czech Republic from 1997 to 2007

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
DucháčekJ ◽  
PřibylJ ◽  
L. Stádník ◽  
VostrýL ◽  
BeranJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
The Stability

We predict the stability of breeding values (BVs) for direct effect (DE) and maternal effect (ME) for live weights at 210 days of age in the entire population of purebred Aberdeen Angus cattle in the Czech Republic according to an increase of progeny number in performance recording over a period of 11&nbsp;years (1997 to 2007) and the course of BVs for DE and ME during the years of observation in animals born until 1997.&nbsp; Furthermore we compare genetic trends of BVs for DE and ME among animals born in different years and detect the level and significance of correlation coefficients among predictions of BVs for DE and ME performed during the years of observation. The animal model and the BLUPF90 programme were used for these predictions. The used model included the effects of animal, sex, contemporary group, dam, age of dam, and permanent environment of dam. The variance of BVs ranged from 4.96 to 10.87 depending on the year of evaluation and whether it was related to maternal or direct genetic effect. The animals were initially assigned to groups according to their BV in 1997, and this ranking was not affected by the BVs predicted in subsequent years. The existence of a negative correlation between direct and maternal effects was confirmed. The significant correlations (P &lt; 0.0001) demonstrated a strong relationship between the BVs predicted in successive years, e.g. the correlation coefficient for the relationship between BVs for direct effect predicted in the last years of the examined period was above 0.9 and that for maternal effect was above 0.8.&nbsp;

Practical aspects of a genetic evaluation system using parentage assigned from genetic markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 935 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Dodds ◽  
J. A. Sise ◽  
M. L. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Mating Group ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

Animal breeding values can be calculated when genetic markers have been used to help determine the parentage of some of the animals, but their parentage has been incompletely determined. The pedigree sampling method is 1 computing strategy for calculating these breeding values. This paper describes and discusses methods for dealing with a number of practical issues that arise when implementing such a system for industry use. In particular, diagnostic systems for detecting inadequacies or possible errors in the genotyping systems and the recording of animal management are developed. Also, characteristics of the best assigned pedigrees are calculated according to mating group and used to check for sires missing from these groups. The correlation between breeding values estimated from a single sampled pedigree (using parentage probabilities) and those estimated as the mean from many sampled pedigrees gives a diagnostic to indicate which estimated breeding values are more influenced by uncertainties in relationships. For the analysis of survival traits, a method to enumerate and assign likely parentage to dead offspring which have not been DNA sampled and genotyped is described. When embryo transfer technology is used, the genetic dam needs to be included as a possible dam when considering parentage. If some fixed effects which depend on the parent are missing, these can be sampled similarly to parentage, and this may improve the evaluation if certain assumptions are met. A method to provide a likely list of parents, the ‘fitted pedigree’, which is based on the most likely parents, but modified to reduce the occurrence of unlikely family sets (e.g. very large litters) is also presented. The use of these methods will enhance the practical application of DNA parenting when used in conjunction with genetic evaluation.

Progeny Testing in the Breeding of Farm Animals

1952 ◽  
Vol 1953 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivar Johansson ◽  
Alan Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Made In

The progress in animal improvement depends on the accuracy with which the breeding value of each individual in the breed, or herd, is estimated, and how the animals chosen on the basis of our estimates are combined in matings. We are concerned here only with the first part of the problem, i.e. the estimation of breeding values. The estimates are made in regard to certain characters, or traits, which are of particular interest from an economic point of view, and they may be based on the phenotypic merit of the individual, or on the merits of its ancestors or collateral relatives, or on the merits of its progeny, in regard to the character in question. Often a combination of two, or three, or all four methods may be used. Their relative importance depends on the heritability of the character, as will be discussed later.

Repeatability and bias of estimated breeding values for dairy bulls and bull dams calculated from animal model evaluations

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Uimari ◽  
E. A. Mäntysaari
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Potential Bias ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Dairy Bulls ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Genetic Standard Deviation

AbstractAn animal model and an approximative method for calculating repeatabilities of estimated breeding values are used in Finnish dairy cow evaluation. Changes in estimated breeding values over time as daughters accumulate were studied. Special emphasis was given to the accuracy and potential bias in the pedigree indices of young sires. The data set used was the same as in the national evaluation and the traits investigated were protein yield and somatic cell count. The average repeatability in evaluation of bulls without daughters was 0·37. The empirical repeatability defined as a squared correlation between the pedigree index and the final sire proof was only 0·15. The reduction in the repeatability was attributed to the selection on pedigree index. The upward bias observed in pedigree indices was 5 kg (approx. 0·3 of genetic standard deviation). The bias was caused by the overestimation of bull dams' breeding value. Also the proofs of bull sires increased after the second crop of daughters. The correlation between the evaluations of the same sire calculated from two separate equal size daughter groups was 0·91 when the bull had 10 to 50 daughters and 0·87 with over 100 daughters. This illustrates how the relative weight of the pedigree decreases while more progeny information is accumulated in the evaluation.

scholarly journals Analysis of non-genetic and genetic influences underlying the growth of Kajli lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-625
Author(s):  
A. Ali ◽  
K. Javed ◽  
I. Zahoor ◽  
K.M. Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Birth Type

Data on 2931 Kajli lambs, born from 2007 to 2018, were used to quantify environmental and genetic effects on growth performance of Kajli sheep. Traits considered for evaluation were birth weight (BWT), 120-day adjusted weight (120DWT), 180-day adjusted weight (180DWT), 270-day adjusted weight (270DWT), and 365-day adjusted weight (365DWT). Fixed effects of year of birth, season of birth, sex, birth type, and dam age on these traits were evaluated using linear procedures of SAS, 9.1. Similarly, BWT, 120DWT, 180DWT, and 270DWT were used as fixed effects mixed model analyses. Variance components, heritability and breeding values were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. The genetic trend for each trait was obtained by regression of the estimated breeding values (EBV) on year of birth. Analyses revealed substantial influence of birth year on all traits. Sex and birth type were the significant sources of variation for BWT and 120DWT. Season of birth did not influence birth weight meaningfully, but had a significant role in the expression of 120DWT, 180DWT, and 270DWT. Heritability estimates were generally low (0.003 ± 0.018 to 0.099 ± 0.067) for all traits. With the exception of the genetic correlation of 180DWT and 365DWT, the genetic correlations between trait were strong and positive. Only 365DWT had a positive genetic trend. Although the heritability estimates for almost all weight traits were low, high and positive genetic correlations between BWT and other weight traits suggest that selection based on BWT would result in the improvement of other weight traits as a correlated response.Keywords: bodyweight, breeding value, genetic correlation, sheep

scholarly journals Comparison of BLUP and Bayesian methods for different sizes of training population in genomic selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 994-1002
Author(s):  
Samet Hasan ABACI ◽  
Hasan ÖNDER
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Training Population ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Value Prediction ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

This study aims to compare the accuracy of pedigree-based and genomic-based breeding value prediction for different training population sizes. In this study, Bayes (A, B, C, Cpi) and GBLUP methods for genomic selection and BLUP method for pedigree-based selection were used. Genomic and pedigree-based breeding values were estimated for partial milk yield (158 days) of Holstein cows (400 individuals) from a private enterprise in the USA. For this aim, populations were created for indirect breeding value estimates as training (322–360) and test (78–40) populations. In animals genotyped with a 54k SNP, the marker file was encoded as –10, 0, and 10 for AA, AB, and BB marker genotypes, respectively. Bayes and GBLUP methods were performed using GenSel 4.55 software. A total of 50,000 iterations were used, with the first 5000 excluded as the burn-in. Pedigree-based breeding values were estimated by REML using MTDFREML software employing an animal model. Correlations between partial milk yield and estimated breeding values were used to assess the predictive ability for methods. Bayes B method gave the highest accuracy for the indirect estimate of breeding value.

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