scholarly journals The influence of locality, treatment against european corn borer (Ostrinia Nubilalis), hybrid and silage additive on the ruminal degradability of starch of maize silage

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Poštulka ◽  
Petr Doležal
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Microbial Preparation ◽  
Dairy Milk

The ruminal degradability of starch (“RDS”) is an important indicator of utilization of starch by ruminal microorganism. Degradability rate influences the starch amount that will be utilized in rumen and the amount that will be digested in abomasum. The importance of those by-pass nutrients grows up with the increasing of dairy milk production.The aim of this experiment was to determinate the influence of the locality, hybrid, treatment against european corn borer (“ECB”) and used silages additive on the ruminal degradability of starch in the maize silage.The experiment proceeded in three different localities. In each locality were grown on the parcels two groups of maize plants with regards to treatment against ECB (treated – experimental, untreated – control). Into each group were used three hybrids with the different number of FAO. At the harvest of silage maize was the chopped forage taken from each locality, group and hybrid apart and ensiled into experimental tubs. During conservation were prepared the silages without the addition of pre­pa­ra­tion, silages inoculated by the microbial preparation (amount 15g/l) and silages with the addition of the chemical agents (organic acids and salts blend 2l/t matter). The values of RDS were detected through the method „in sacco“(nylon bags).The significant difference (P < 0.01) between the values of RDS was detected between the silages from various localities. (Senice na Hané 56.06 ± 4.00%; Starojická Lhota 48.02 ± 4.83%; Záblatí 43.49 ± 2.73%). The treatment against ECB did not affect significantly (P<0.05) the values of RDS of the silages (treated group 49.72 ± 5.88%; untreated group 48.65 ± 7.07%). The differences were not significant neither at the level of particular localities. The influence of used hybrid and silage preparation on the RDS was not significant (P < 0.05). The value of RDS can be different in relation with the locality. The influence of treatment against ECB was not evidential. The using of various hybrids or silage preparation could not change principal the value of RDS.

Fodder supply to dairy cows during the dry season in Tanzania: comparative evaluation of three silages and lupin green forage

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-658
Author(s):  
R. P. Mbwile ◽  
H. Wiktorsson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYForty-eight Friesian cows in weeks 4–20 of lactation at the start of the trial were used in a comparative evaluation of Desmodium–grass silage, Rhodes grass silage, maize silage and lupin green forage. The forages were group-fed ad libitum and a concentrate was offered according to a standard lactation of 4200 kg milk in a 12-week test period. A digestibility trial with five wethers was used to evaluate the nutritive value of the forages.Cows offered the Rhodes grass silage had the highest forage dry-matter intake and those on maize silage had the lowest intake. There was no significant difference between the intake of Desmodium–grass silage and lupin green forage. Milk and FCM production were not significantly different on the four treatments although lupin green forage gave appreciably less than the silages. The expected milk production from the energy and protein consumed suggested that the milk produced was mainly from the concentrate. It is concluded that low energy concentration in all the forages, and low crude protein content in the silages, were the main limiting factors for high milk production.

scholarly journals Comparison of ruminal degradability of starch of maize grain and maize silages by in vitro method

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Tománková ◽  
Petr Homolka
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Total Starch

The objective of this experiment was to determine the ruminal degradability of starch using the in vitro method. Maize silages from whole plants (MS), maize cob silage prepared by ensiling of the cobs with bracts (MCS), and maize grain silages (MGS) were compared with maize grain (MG). The tested feeds differed in total starch contents. Averaged starch contents with standard deviation values were 343.3 ± 18.7 g / kg for MS; 522.0 ± 8.9 g / kg for MCS; 727.9 ± 16.9 g / kg for MGS; and 682.8 ± 22.6 g / kg dry matter for MG. The in vitro ruminal degradability of starch was determined by the feed incubation period – for 2, 4, 6, 16 and 24 hours. The higher degradation was observed at the 4-h of incubation for maize silage from whole plants (46.6 ± 4.9 %), maize cob silage (41.2 ± 1.6 %) and maize grain silage (39.7 ± 1.4 %) as compared to maize grain (32.0 ± 1.0 %). Enhanced values of the in vitro ruminal degradability of starch continued to increase until the 24-h of incubation, when the differences between silages and maize grain were balanced. A significant difference of the curves of degradability profile was found between silages and maize grain (P < 0.0001) but was not significant between MS, MCS and MGS.

scholarly journals Winter Rye Cover Crop with Liquid Manure Injection Reduces Spring Soil Nitrate but Not Maize Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Everett ◽  
Melissa L. Wilson ◽  
Randall J. Pepin ◽  
Jeffrey A. Coulter
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crop ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Significant Difference

In maize-based cropping systems, leaching of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) to drainage tile and groundwater is a significant problem. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a winter rye cover crop planted after silage maize or soybean harvest and injected with liquid manure could decrease soil NO3-N without reducing the yield of the following maize crop. An experiment was conducted at 19 sites with predominant occurrence of Mollisols (15 out of 19 sites) in the upper Midwest USA immediately after soybean or maize silage harvest to compare a drilled rye cover crop and a non-cover crop control. Later in the fall, liquid swine or dairy manure was injected into the cover crop and control plots. Rye was terminated the following spring using herbicide, usually before reaching 20 to 25 cm in height, and incorporated with tillage at most sites, after which maize was planted and harvested as silage or grain. Across sites, soil NO3-N at rye termination was reduced by 36% (range = 4% to 67%) with rye compared to no rye. Nitrogen in aboveground rye biomass at termination ranged from 5 to 114 kg N ha−1 (mean = 51 kg N ha−1). Across sites, there was no significant difference in yield of maize silage or grain between treatments. These results demonstrate in a Mollisol-dominated region the potential of a winter rye cover crop planted before manure application to effectively reduce soil NO3-N without impacting yield of the following maize crop, thereby reducing risk of negative environmental impacts.

scholarly journals A FISH-based chromosome map for the European corn borers yields insights into ancient chromosomal fusions in the silkworm.

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Yasukochi ◽  
Mizuki Ohno ◽  
Fukashi Shibata ◽  
Akiya Jouraku ◽  
Ryo Nakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Corn Borers ◽  
Asian Corn Borer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Syntenic Gene ◽  
High Conservation ◽  
Candidate Regions

A significant feature of the genomes of Lepidoptera, butterflies and moths, is the high conservation of chromosome organization. Recent remarkable progress in genome sequencing of Lepidoptera has revealed that syntenic gene order is extensively conserved across phylogenetically distant species. The ancestral karyotype of Lepidoptera is thought to be n = 31; however, that of the most well studied moth, Bombyx mori, is n = 28, suggesting that three chromosomal fusion events occurred in this lineage. To identify the boundaries between predicted ancient fusions involving B. mori chromosomes 11, 23 and 24, we constructed FISH-based chromosome maps of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (n = 31). We first determined 511 Mb genomic sequence of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, a congener of O. nubilalis, and isolated BAC and fosmid clones that were expected to localize in candidate regions for the boundaries using these sequences. Combined with FISH and genetic analysis, we narrowed down the candidate regions to 40kb ??? 1.5Mb, in strong agreement with a previous estimate based on the genome of a butterfly, Melitaea cinxia. The significant difference in the lengths of the candidate regions where no functional genes were observed may reflect the evolutionary time after fusion events.

COMPARISON OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS IN THE LOCALY ADVANCED BREAST CANCER FORMS AFTER SYSTEM AND INTRALYMPHATIC POLYCHEMOTHERAPY

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Yuriy Dumanskiy ◽  
Oleksandr Bondar ◽  
Oleksandr Tkachenko ◽  
Evhenii Stoliachuk ◽  
Vasilii Ermakov
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preoperative Treatment ◽  
Discrete Elements ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Significant Difference

In recent years, breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer pathology and the most common cause of disability among women in developed countries. Finding the most effective ways of interaction between the patient and the doctor creates the preconditions for the necessary analysis of the treatment process from an objective and subjective point of view. Therefore, an important indicator to be taken into account is the quality of life of a patient. To compare the indicators of a comprehensive assessment of the quality of life of patients to the adverse locally advanced forms (LA) of breast cancer before and after systemic intravenous polychemotherapy (SPCTx) and selective endolymphatic polychemotherapy (ELPCTx) in neoadjuvant mode. The study was conducted on the basis of a random analysis of outpatient cards from 112 patients with LA BC T4A-DN0-3M0 who received a comprehensive antitumor treatment on the basis of the Donetsk regional antitumor center and the University Clinic of the Odessa National Medical University from 2000 to 2017, which was proposed a questionnaire at various stages of preoperative treatment. The first (control) group consisted of 65 patients (58 %) with inoperable forms of LA BC, which was performed in neoadjuvant mode by SPCTx. The second (study group) included 47 patients (42 %) with inoperable forms of LA BC, which was performed as a neoadjuvant course ELPCTx. According to the integral indicators of quality of life and quality of health between patients in the control and study groups, there was no statistically significant difference. In a detailed analysis of the indicators of symptomatic scales, the difference between the groups did not exceed the critical. Based on the results of a study conducted among patients receiving endolymphatic chemotherapy in a neoadjuvant mode, the subjective evaluations of treatment in absolute numbers have better reference values without statistical superiority. The study of the integrative indicator of quality of life and its discrete elements is an ergonomic and economical means of heuristic assessment of the health of patients in order to further develop more rational and convenient ways of solving urgent issues of modern oncology by increasing compliance and finding a compromise between the physician and the patient.

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