Sex differences in the coronary vascular response to combined chemoreflex and metaboreflex stimulation in healthy humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey M Boulet ◽  
Taylor L Atwater ◽  
Courtney V Brown ◽  
Brooke M Shafer ◽  
Tyler D Vermeulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Vascular Response ◽  
Healthy Humans

Trait anxiety and peripheral vascular response to mental stress — Sex differences

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
M. Marinov ◽  
Z. Stoyanov ◽  
I. Boncheva ◽  
I. Vartanyan ◽  
T. Chernigovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Vascular Response ◽  
Peripheral Vascular

Behavioral measures of sensitization to repeated d-amphetamine: Preliminary data on sex differences in healthy humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. S265 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Weidenauer ◽  
M. Bauer ◽  
L. Bartova ◽  
U. Sauerzopf ◽  
N. Praschak-Rieder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Healthy Humans

Sex differences in respiratory muscle activation patterns during high-intensity exercise in healthy humans

2018 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid A. Mitchell ◽  
Michele R. Schaeffer ◽  
Andrew H. Ramsook ◽  
Sabrina S. Wilkie ◽  
Jordan A. Guenette
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Healthy Humans

scholarly journals Sex-Biased Trajectories of Amygdalo-Hippocampal Morphology Change Over Human Development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari M. Fish ◽  
Ajay Nadig ◽  
Jakob Seidlitz ◽  
Paul K. Reardon ◽  
Catherine Mankiw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Spatial Gradients ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Hippocampal Development ◽  
Growth Deceleration

ABSTRACTThe amygdala and hippocampus are two adjacent allocortical structures implicated in sex-biased and developmentally-emergent psychopathology. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of amygdalo-hippocampal development remain poorly understood in healthy humans. The current study defined trajectories of volume and shape change for the amygdala and hippocampus by applying a multi-atlas segmentation pipeline (MAGeT-Brain) and semi-parametric mixed-effects spline modeling to 1,529 longitudinally-acquired structural MRI brain scans from a large, single-center cohort of 792 youth (403 males, 389 females) between the ages of 5 and 25 years old. We found that amygdala and hippocampus volumes both follow curvilinear and sexually dimorphic growth trajectories. These sex-biases were particularly striking in the amygdala: males showed a significantly later and slower adolescent deceleration in volume expansion (at age 20 years) than females (age 13 years). Shape analysis localized significant hot-spots of sex-biased anatomical development in sub-regional territories overlying rostral and caudal extremes of the CA1/2 in the hippocampus, and the centromedial nuclear group of the amygdala. In both sexes, principal components analysis revealed close integration of amygdala and hippocampus shape change along two main topographically-organized axes – low vs. high areal expansion, and early vs. late growth deceleration. These results bring greater resolution to our spatiotemporal understanding of amygdalo-hippocampal development in healthy males and females and discover focal sex-differences in the structural maturation of the brain components that may contribute to differences in behavior and psychopathology that emerge during adolescence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe amygdala and hippocampus are implicated in several developmentally-dynamic and sex-biased psychiatric disorders, but the spatiotemporal organization and sex-biased patterning of amygdalo-hippocampal maturation remains unclear in humans. Here, by integrating new methods for analysis of longitudinal neuroimaging data, we resolve the developmental milestones and spatial gradients that organize human amygdalo-hippocampal maturation. Each structure’s volume follows a tri-phasic, curvilinear growth trajectory which - for the amygdala - shows rapid male-female size divergence in mid-adolescence through delayed growth deceleration in males. Spatially fine-grained shape analyses localize these sex differences, and further reveal highly orchestrated shape changes across the amygdala and hippocampus that are organized by two topographical gradients. These data provide a new framework for understanding amygdalo-hippocampal organization in human development.

S201. Sex Differences in the Reward System: Neural, Autonomic, and Behavioral Responses in Healthy Humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. S375
Author(s):  
Katherine Warthen ◽  
Keith G. Jones ◽  
Benjamin Sanford ◽  
Alita Boyse-Peacor ◽  
Tiffany Love ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Healthy Humans

Sex differences in the renal vascular response to angiotensin II involves the Mas receptor

2012 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Safari ◽  
M. Nematbakhsh ◽  
L. M. Hilliard ◽  
R. G. Evans ◽  
K. M. Denton
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Vascular Response ◽  
Mas Receptor ◽  
Renal Vascular

Sex differences in sympathetic neural outflow during dynamic exercise in healthy humans

2015 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
J.P. Moore ◽  
A.S.L. Stickford ◽  
J.S. Lawley ◽  
R.S. Parker ◽  
M.A. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Healthy Humans

scholarly journals Sex differences in the pro-inflammatory cytokine response to endotoxin unfold in vivo but not ex vivo in healthy humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Wegner ◽  
Sven Benson ◽  
Laura Rebernik ◽  
Ingo Spreitzer ◽  
Marcus Jäger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Negative Feedback Regulation ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Tnf Α

Clinical data indicate that inflammatory responses differ across sexes, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, we assessed in vivo and ex vivo cytokine responses to bacterial endotoxin in healthy men and women to elucidate the role of systemic and cellular factors underlying sex differences in inflammatory responses. Participants received an i.v. injection of low-dose endotoxin (0.4 ng/kg body mass), and plasma TNF-α and IL-6 responses were analyzed over a period of 6 h. In parallel, ex vivo cytokine production was measured in endotoxin-stimulated blood samples obtained immediately before in vivo endotoxin administration. As glucocorticoids (GCs) play an important role in the negative feedback regulation of the inflammatory response, we additionally analyzed plasma cortisol concentrations and ex vivo GC sensitivity of cytokine production. Results revealed greater in vivo pro-inflammatory responses in women compared with men, with significantly higher increases in plasma TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations. In addition, the endotoxin-induced rise in plasma cortisol was more pronounced in women. In contrast, no sex differences in ex vivo cytokine production and GC sensitivity were observed. Together, these findings demonstrate major differences in in vivo and ex vivo responses to endotoxin and underscore the importance of systemic factors underlying sex differences in the inflammatory response.

scholarly journals Multisensory modulation of body ownership in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L Buckmaster ◽  
Julia E Rathmann-Bloch ◽  
Luis de Lecea ◽  
Alan F Schatzberg ◽  
David M Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Human Brains ◽  
Multisensory Information

Abstract Body ownership is a fundamental aspect of self-consciousness that reflects more than the presence of physical body parts. As demonstrated by the rubber hand illusion (RHI), human brains construct body ownership experiences using available multisensory information. Experimental conditions similar to those that induce the RHI in humans have been recently adapted to induce the rubber tail illusion (RTI) in mice. Here, we show that the RTI is enhanced in both sexes of mice by repetitive synchronous stroking comprised of correlated visual and tactile stimulation of real and rubber tails compared to visual-only mimicked stroking conducted without tactile stimulation. The RTI also appears to be enhanced in female but not male mice by slow compared to fast stroking that reflects an interoceptive manipulation associated with affective touch in humans. Sex differences in slow stroking effects are exploratory and require replication in mice. Sex differences have not been reported for the RHI in healthy humans, but women rate slow stroking as more affectively pleasant compared to the ratings of men. Results suggest that the RHI in humans resembles aspects of the RTI in mice. Studies of mice may therefore provide neurobiological insights on evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of bodily self-consciousness in humans.

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