scholarly journals Measurement of Strain in Physical Models of Brain Injury: A Method Based on HARP Analysis of Tagged Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI)

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. Bayly, ◽  
S. Ji, ◽  
S. K. Song, ◽  
R. J. Okamoto, ◽  
P. Massouros, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Harmonic Phase ◽  
Closed Head

Two-dimensional (2-D) strain fields were estimated non-invasively in two simple experimental models of closed-head brain injury. In the first experimental model, shear deformation of a gel was induced by angular acceleration of its spherical container. In the second model the brain of a euthanized rat pup was deformed by indentation of its skull. Tagged magnetic resonance images (MRI) were obtained by gated image acquisition during repeated motion. Harmonic phase (HARP) images corresponding to the spectral peaks of the original tagged MRI were obtained, following procedures proposed by Osman, McVeigh and Prince [1]. Two methods of HARP strain analysis were applied, one based on the displacement of tag line intersections, and the other based on the gradient of harmonic phase. Strain analysis procedures were also validated on simulated images of deformed grids. Results show that it is possible to visualize deformation and to quantify strain efficiently in animal models of closed head injury.

Corpus callosal atrophy following closed head injury: detection with magnetic resonance imaging

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey S. Levin ◽  
David H. Williams ◽  
Michael Valastro ◽  
Howard M. Eisenberg ◽  
Marsha J. Crofford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
Closed Head

✓ To investigate evidence for diffuse white matter injury and hemispheric disconnection sequelae after severe closed head injury (CHI), this study evaluates the degree of posttraumatic atrophy of the corpus callosum. Corpus callosal atrophy was quantitatively determined using a digitizer to measure sagittal magnetic resonance images of 32 patients with moderate-to-severe CHI and those of 31 control subjects of similar age. In the CHI patients, measurements were significantly reduced for the areas of the anterior four-fifths, the posterior one-fifth, and the total corpus callosum. Moreover, the minimum width of the callosal body was reduced in the CHI patients as compared to that of control individuals. Indices of corpus callosal atrophy were significantly correlated with the chronicity of injury and the degree of lateral ventricular enlargement. There was no difference in callosal measurements between men and women. Magnetic resonance imaging provides an in vivo determination of corpus callosal atrophy which may reflect the severity of diffuse axonal injury and predict the type and severity of hemispheric disconnection effects.

SURVEY IN SERUM ADH CONCENTRATION IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY PATIENTS

2014 ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Dung Ngo ◽  
Thi Nhan Nguyen ◽  
Khanh Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Plasma Sodium Concentration ◽  
Closed Head

Objective: Study on 106 patients with closed head injury, assessment of serum ADH concentration, correlation with Glasgow score, sodium and plasma osmotic pressure. Patients and methods: Patients with closed head injuries were diagnosed determined by computerized tomography, admitted to the Hue Central Hospital 72 hours ago. Results: (i) Serum concentration of ADH 42.21 ± 47.80 pg/ml. (ii) There is a negative correlation between serum levels of ADH with: (1) Glasgow point r = -0.323, p <0.01; (2) Plasma sodium concentration r = - 0.211, p > 0.05; (3) Plasma osmotic pressure r = - 0.218, p> 0.05. Conclusion: There is a negative correlation between serum levels of ADH with Glasgow scale, plasma sodium concentration and osmotic pressure in plasma. Key words: ADH traumatic brain injury.

scholarly journals Differential Leukocyte and Platelet Profiles in Distinct Models of Traumatic Brain Injury

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
William Brad Hubbard ◽  
Meenakshi Banerjee ◽  
Hemendra Vekaria ◽  
Kanakanagavalli Shravani Prakhya ◽  
Smita Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Diffuse Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Neutrophil Aggregation ◽  
Blood Leukocyte

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects over 3 million individuals every year in the U.S. There is growing appreciation that TBI can produce systemic modifications, which are in part propagated through blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and blood–brain cell interactions. As such, platelets and leukocytes contribute to mechanisms of thromboinflammation after TBI. While these mechanisms have been investigated in experimental models of contusion brain injury, less is known regarding acute alterations following mild closed head injury. To investigate the role of platelet dynamics and bioenergetics after TBI, we employed two distinct, well-established models of TBI in mice: the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of contusion brain injury and the closed head injury (CHI) model of mild diffuse brain injury. Hematology parameters, platelet-neutrophil aggregation, and platelet respirometry were assessed acutely after injury. CCI resulted in an early drop in blood leukocyte counts, while CHI increased blood leukocyte counts early after injury. Platelet-neutrophil aggregation was altered acutely after CCI compared to sham. Furthermore, platelet bioenergetic coupling efficiency was transiently reduced at 6 h and increased at 24 h post-CCI. After CHI, oxidative phosphorylation in intact platelets was reduced at 6 h and increased at 24 h compared to sham. Taken together, these data demonstrate that brain trauma initiates alterations in platelet-leukocyte dynamics and platelet metabolism, which may be time- and injury-dependent, providing evidence that platelets carry a peripheral signature of brain injury. The unique trend of platelet bioenergetics after two distinct types of TBI suggests the potential for utilization in prognosis.

Return of Memory and Sleep Efficiency Following Moderate to Severe Closed Head Injury

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Makley ◽  
Lisa Johnson-Greene ◽  
Patrick M. Tarwater ◽  
Andrew J. Kreuz ◽  
J. Spiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Rehabilitation Unit ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
Unit Increase

Objective. Sleep disturbance is common in the subacute recovery phase following brain injury. A previous study from the authors' group found 68% of patients with closed head injury (CHI) had disrupted sleep on a rehabilitation unit. In the present study, the authors investigated whether improvement in sleep efficiency correlates with duration of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) after CHI. Methods. Fourteen CHI patients were enrolled and followed prospectively. Mechanism of injury included motor vehicle accident, fall, and blunt assault. An actigraph was placed on each subject's wrist within 72 hours of admission to the rehabilitation unit and recorded data for the duration of their stay. A minimum of 7 days of continuous actigraphy data was obtained on all subjects. PTA was measured daily using the Orientation Log (O-LOG). Results. Seventy-eight percent of subjects had mean week-1 sleep efficiency scores of ≤63%. Patients admitted having already cleared PTA had significantly better week-1 sleep efficiency scores than those with ongoing amnesia ( P = .032). For those patients admitted with ongoing PTA, each 10-unit increase in sleep efficiency score correlated with 1 unit increase in O-LOG score ( P = .056). Conclusions. Disrupted sleep is common in the postacute stage following CHI. Improved sleep efficiency correlates with resolution of PTA. Decreased sleep efficiency may negatively affect memory return after traumatic brain injury. Actigraphy is uniquely suited to study the sleep patterns of these patients.

Tower of London performance in relation to Magnetic Resonance Imaging following closed head injury in children.

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey S. Levin ◽  
Dianne B. Mendelsohn ◽  
Matthew A. Lilly ◽  
Jack M. Fletcher ◽  
et al
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
Closed Head

scholarly journals Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the acute phase of the pilocarpine-induced model of epilepsy

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackeline Moraes Malheiros ◽  
Beatriz Monteiro Longo ◽  
Alberto Tannús ◽  
Luciene Covolan
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Magnetic resonance images are useful in the study of experimental models of temporal lobe epilepsy. The manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) technique is of interest since it combines the effects caused by manganese on the increased contrast in activated cell populations, when competing with calcium in synaptic transmission. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the temporal evolution of the contrast related to manganese in the acute phase of temporal lobe epilepsy induced by systemic pilocarpine and compare it to the expression of the c-Fos protein. During this phase, the intensity of the MEMRI signal was analyzed at three different time points (5, 15 or 30 minutes) after the onset of status epilepticus (SE). The group that was maintained in status epilepticus for 30 minutes showed a decrease in intensity of the signal in CA1 and the dentate gyrus (DG). There were no differences between the control group and the other groups treated with pilocarpine. The expression of the protein, c-Fos, in the same animals showed that even in the short-duration status epilepticus (5 minutes), there was already maximal cellular activation in subregions of the hippocampus (DG, CA1 and CA3). Under the experimental conditions tested, our data suggest that the MEMRI signal was not sensitive for the identification of detectable variations of cell activation in the acute phase of the pilocarpine model. Our findings are not consistent with the idea that manganese contrast reflects primarily alterations in cellular activity during SE when other signal-modifying elements can act.

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