scholarly journals Temperature Measurement by Visible Pyrometry: Orthogonal Cutting Application

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ranc ◽  
V. Pina ◽  
G. Sutter ◽  
S. Philippon
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Good Spatial Resolution

The working processes of metallic materials at high strain rate like forging, stamping and machining often induce high temperatures that are difficult to quantify precisely. In this work we, developed a high-speed broad band visible pyrometer using an intensified CCD camera (spectral range: 0.4 μm–0.9 μm). The advantage of the visible pyrometry technique is to limit the temperature error due to the uncertainties on the emissivity value and to have a good spatial resolution (3.6 μm) and a large observation area. This pyrometer was validated in the case of high speed machining and more precisely in the orthogonal cutting of a low carbon steel XC18. The cutting speed varies between 22 ms−1 and 60 ms−1. The experimental device allows one to visualize the evolution of the temperature field in the chip according to the cutting speed. The maximum temperature in the chip can reach 730°C and minimal temperature which can be detected is around 550°C.

Temperature Rise and Heat Transfer in High Speed Machining: FEM Modeling and Experimental Validation

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 1502-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautier List ◽  
Guy Sutter ◽  
Xue Feng Bi ◽  
Abdenbi Bouthiche ◽  
Jean Jacques Arnoux
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Frictional Stress ◽  
Fem Modeling ◽  
High Cutting Speed ◽  
Set Up

Numerical and experimental approaches are mutually conducted to investigate the temperature rise in steel machining at high cutting speed. The process is modeled using a fully coupled thermo-mechanical finite element scheme. Cutting tests were carried out at 38 m/s on a ballistic orthogonal cutting set-up equipped with an intensified CCD camera. Analysis of experimental results leads to determine the variables which control heat transfer between the tool and chip. A discussion about the most important parameters controlling the temperature rise at the tool-chip interface is then proposed. The results also show that the temperature-dependence of the frictional stress modeling can improve the accuracy of the numerical simulations.

Cutting Experiments in Cutting Speeds of up to 200 m/s with a High-Speed Impact Cutting Tester

2012 ◽  
Vol 523-524 ◽  
pp. 1041-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tappei Higashi ◽  
Masato Sando ◽  
Jun Shinozuka
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
High Speed Impact ◽  
Air Gun ◽  
Impact Cutting ◽  
Compressed Gas ◽  
Cutting Experiments ◽  
Cutting Speeds

High-speed orthogonal cutting experiments with cutting speeds of up to 200 m/s with a high-speed impact cutting tester of air-gun type are attempted. In this tester, a light projectile with a small built-in cutting tool is loaded into a tube, being accelerated by a compressed gas. The projectile captures the chip that is indispensable to analyze the cutting mechanism. The projectile holding the chip is decelerated by another compressed gas just after finishing the cutting, being stopped without damage in the tube. Successful experiment can be accomplished by setting adequate values of the operation parameters for the experiment, which are the pressure of each gas and the opening and shutting time of the solenoid-controlled valve for each compressed gas. In order to determine the adequate values of these parameters, a ballistic simulator that simulates the velocity and position of the projectile traveling in the tube is developed. By setting the values of these parameters obtained by the simulator, the cutting speed of 200 m/s is achieved when the ambient pressure is set to be a vacuum and helium is used for each compressed gas. This paper describes the ballistic simulator developed and shows the experimental results of the high-speed cutting of aluminum alloy A2017.

Influence of the Process Variables on the Temperature Distribution in AISI 1045 Turning

2012 ◽  
Vol 557-559 ◽  
pp. 1364-1368
Author(s):  
Yong Feng ◽  
Mu Lan Wang ◽  
Bao Sheng Wang ◽  
Jun Ming Hou
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Aisi 1045

High-speed metal cutting processes can cause extremely rapid heating of the work material. Temperature on the machined surface is critical for surface integrity and the performance of a precision component. However, the temperature of a machined surface is challenging for in-situ measurement.So, the finite element(FE) method used to analyze the unique nonlinear problems during cutting process. In terms of heat-force coupled problem, the thermo-plastic FE model was proposed to predict the cutting temperature distribution using separated iterative method. Several key techniques such as material constitutive relations, tool-chip interface friction and separation and damage fracture criterion were modeled. Based on the updated Lagrange and arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method, the temperature field in high speed orthogonal cutting of carbon steel AISI-1045 were simulated. The simulated results showed good agreement with the experimental results, which validated the precision of the process simulation method. Meanwhile, the influence of the process variables such as cutting speed, cutting depth, etc. on the temperature distribution was investigated.

Ti3AlC2 — A Soft Ceramic Exhibiting Low Friction Coefficient

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 1251-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xiang Zhai ◽  
Zhen Ying Huang ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Zhi Li Zhang ◽  
Shi Bo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Friction Surface ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Aluminum Carbide ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Friction Behavior ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Al And Fe Oxides

The friction behavior of a high-purity bulk titanium aluminum carbide (Ti3AlC2) material dryly sliding against low carbon steel was investigated. Tests were performed using a block-on-disk type high-speed friction tester under sliding speed of 20 m/s and 60 m/s, several normal pressures from 0.1 to 0.8 MPa. The results showed that the friction coefficient is as low as about 0.18 for sliding speed of 20 m/s and only 0.1 for 60 m/s, and that almost not changes with the normal pressure. The reason could be related with the presence of a surface layer on the friction surface. The layer was analyzed to consist of Ti, Al and Fe oxides, which played a lubricate part inducing the friction coefficient decrease on the friction surface.

Investigation of Surface Characteristics and Chip Morphology in High Speed Cutting of Inconel718 Based on SHPB System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengqiang Wang ◽  
Zhanfei Zhang ◽  
Wenhu Wang ◽  
Ruisong Jiang ◽  
Kunyang Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
High Speed Cutting

Abstract High speed cutting (HSC) technology has the characteristics of high material removal rates and high machining precision. In order to study the relationships between chip morphology and machining surface characteristic in high speed cutting of superalloy Inconel718. High-speed orthogonal cutting experiment are carried out by used a high speed cutting device based on split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). The specimen surfaces and collected chips were then detected with optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and three-dimensional surface profile measuring instrument. The results show that within the experimental parameters (cutting speed from 8–16m/s, depth of cut 0.1–0.5mm), the obtained chips are sawtooth chips and periodic micro-ripple appear on the machined surface. With the cutting speed increases, machining surface roughness is decreases from 1.4 to 0.99μm, and the amplitude of periodic ripples also decreases. With the cutting depth increases, the machining surface roughness increases from 0.96 to 5.12μm and surface topography becomes worse. With the increase of cutting speed and depth of cut, the chips are transform from continues sawtooth to sawtooth fragment. By comparing the frequency of surface ripples and sawtooth chips, it is found that they are highly consistent.

Experiment of Temperature Field for High Speed Orthogonal Turning

2011 ◽  
Vol 117-119 ◽  
pp. 594-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu Lan Wang ◽  
Yong Feng ◽  
Xiao Xia Li ◽  
Bao Sheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Fem Model ◽  
High Speed Cutting ◽  
Orthogonal Turning

An experimental system used for temperature measurement is designed by the K-type thermocouple thermometry to achieve a direct measurement of cutting temperature in high speed orthogonal turning. The general regularity of temperature distribution is concluded, and the corresponding influences of cutting speed and cutting depth on the maximum temperature value are discussed in detail. Experimental data and simulating results are comparative analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility and correctness of Finite Element Method (FEM) model simulation and analytical solution. The verified model of temperature field can be applied to develop an effective non-contact soft-sensing method for high speed cutting temperature.

Improvement of Chip Breaking in Machining Low Carbon Steel by Cryogenically Precooling the Workpiece

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ding ◽  
S. Y. Hong
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ductile Materials ◽  
Chip Breaking ◽  
Brittle Ductile Transition ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Embrittlement Temperature

Ductile materials such as AISI1008 low carbon steel characteristically exhibit poor chip breaking in conventional machining practices. This paper presents an environmentally clean cryogenic machining process which improves the breakability of AISI1008 chips by lowering the chip temperature to its embrittlement temperature. In this study, the brittle-ductile transition temperature of AISI1008 was experimentally determined to be between −60°C and −120°C. The discussion is focused on whether the chip can reach the embrittlement temperature before it hits an obstacle. A finite element simulation predicted the chip temperatures under various cutting conditions. Liquid nitrogen (LN2) was used to prechill the workpiece cryogenically. The results from the cutting tests indicate a significant improvement in chip breakability for different feeds and speeds by using this cooling technique. However, the effectiveness of cryogenetically prechilling the workpiece was found to be heavily dependent on cutting speed.

scholarly journals Determining the processing modes of the low carbon steel by high-precision plasma cutting based on dimensionless complexes

2019 ◽  
Vol 297 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Loktionov ◽  
Nadezhda Gaar ◽  
and Аndrey Rakhimyanov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Plasma Cutting ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
Steel St3

The results of the investigations on determining the processing modes during high-precision plasma cutting of low carbon steel based on the values of Peclet number and dimensionless power which provide the minimal value of deviation of the cut sides from perpendicularity are presented in the paper. The conditions of obtaining the cut of high quality from the viewpoint of minimizing the cut side deviation from perpendicularity are determined by cutting low carbon steel. The dependences of the cutting speed and the cut width on the processed material thickness, intended to determine the processing modes and adjustment of the linear dimensions are established. The investigations were made on the device of the thermal cutting “Termit PPl” based on the installation of the high-precision plasma cutting HiFocus 130i of Kjellberg firm by using the HiFocusplus technology. Low carbon construction steel St3 was chosen as an investigated material. The thickness of the sheet material constituted 4 mm, 6 mm, 10 mm, 16 mm and 20 mm.

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