How Does Germany Do It?

This article focuses on the economic share of manufacturing industry in Germany and the role of Fraunhofer–Gesellschaft in maintaining the same. A principal factor in the manufacturing success of German small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) is the Fraunhofer–Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer Society), an independent non-governmental organization that provides high-quality, short-term, affordable applied research that small- and medium-sized firms could not otherwise afford. Fraunhofer's model is a classic government–industry partnership. The federal and state governments, private contract research, and publicly funded contract research each provide roughly one-third of its funding. Germany's government has long supported the application of technology to manufacturing. Its ongoing support for large-scale practical industrial research for small and large companies has helped keep factories and jobs in Germany. There is a need to focus more resources on applied research to harvest the benefits of the investments the nation already makes in basic technology.

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Total Productive Maintenance: Competing or Complementary to other Initiatives?

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.472 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 315 ◽

pp. 472-476

Author(s):

Adnan Hj. Bakri ◽

Abdul Rahman Abdul Rahim ◽

Noordin Mohd Yusof

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Short Review ◽

The Other ◽

Total Quality ◽

Total Productive Maintenance ◽

Quality Initiatives ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Manufacturing Organization

The objective of this short review paper is to examine the practical applications of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) in the manufacturing industry. In this short review, an attempt was made to critically discuss the previous literatures related to TPM with the other established quality initiatives in the manufacturing, such as Total Quality Management (TQM) and Just-In-Time practice (JIT). This literature review-based research revealed an important research gaps related to TPM. The significance role of TPM as an important complementary to either TQM or JIT initiative is observed not been well addressed in the available literatures. Most of the researches available investigate these initiatives separately, focuses on the other element rather than addressing on the significant role of TPM as one of the main thrust. The separate implementation of such quality initiatives in the manufacturing organization means the requirement of large scale human, financial and technical resources as well the associated problems of running competing project in the company. The outcomes from this review justify the needs of further research in the area of TPM integration with other available initiatives, to further enhance its methodology aimed at solidifying its philosophy towards more realistic practical applications.

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Maximising Opportunities for Collaboration Between Universities and Small to Medium Size Enterprises

Volume 5: 15th Reliability, Stress Analysis, and Failure Prevention Conference; International Issues in Engineering Design ◽

10.1115/detc2001/ied-21209 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Colin R. Burvill ◽

William P. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Medium Size ◽

Collaborative Relationships ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Commonwealth Government ◽

The Government ◽

Industrialised Countries ◽

Role Of The Government ◽

Associated Knowledge

Abstract This paper is about collaborative relationships between manufacturing industry and universities in Australia, with particular reference to small to medium size enterprises (SME’s) because of their prevalence and their importance to the economies of industrialised countries. To put local conditions in perspective, it should be recorded that the annual output of Australian manufacturing industry currently is in excess of $100 billion (Australian dollars) of which 30% is exported [1]. The role of the Government in promoting collaboration between industry and universities, and the associated knowledge transfer, is exemplified by a senior body sponsored by the Australian Commonwealth Government.

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The developmental state in Brazil: comparative and historical perspectives

Brazilian Journal of Political Economy ◽

10.1590/0101-31572015v35n01a07 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 114-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

BEN ROSS SCHNEIDER

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Developmental State ◽

State Intervention ◽

State Governments ◽

Historical Perspectives ◽

Developmental States ◽

Aircraft Manufacturing ◽

State Enterprises

The record of successful developmental states in East Asia and the partial successes of developmental states in Latin America suggest several common preconditions for effective state intervention including a Weberian bureaucracy, monitoring of implementation, reciprocity (subsidies in exchange for performance), and collaborative relations between government and business. Although Brazil failed to develop the high technology manufacturing industry and exports that have fueled sustained growth in East Asia, its developmental state had a number of important, and often neglected, successes, especially in steel, automobiles, mining, ethanol, and aircraft manufacturing. Where Brazil's developmental state was less successful was in promoting sectors like information technology and nuclear energy, as well as overall social and regional equality. In addition, some isolated initiatives by state governments were also effective in promoting particular local segments of industry and agriculture. Comparisons with East Asia, highlight the central role of state enterprises in Brazil that in effect internalized monitoring and reciprocity and bypassed collaboration between business and government (that was overall rarer in Brazil).

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THE EFFECTS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY PERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SOCIAL COLLABORATION AND GREEN INNOVATION

Verslas teorija ir praktika ◽

10.3846/btp.2017.016 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (0) ◽

pp. 152-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rini Handayani ◽

Sugeng Wahyudi ◽

Suharnomo Suharnomo

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Large Scale ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Social Collaboration ◽

Corporate Social

Manufacturing industry contributes to environmental pollution and social cost. Hence, corporate social responsibility (CSR) functions as a way to reduce the effects of corporate activities, to increase long-term performance and stakeholder trust. To increase its effectiveness, this study analyses the mediating role of green-oriented innovation and community participation in implementing the CSR. The study uses simple random sampling to collect 173 respondents from large scale manufacturing firms in Central Java, Indonesia. By using structural equation modeling, the findings showed the significant influence of CSR to the firm performance. The originality of this study concerns the need to involve social and environmental dimensions in applying the ethical program of CSR.

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The Role of Sense of Direction and Other Factors During Navigation in a Large-Scale, Unconstrained Environment

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e633262013-540 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Elisabeth J. Ploran ◽

Ericka Rovira ◽

James C. Thompson ◽

Raja Parasuraman

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Sense Of Direction

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Magnetic Properties of xCeO2â€¢(50 âˆ’ x) PbOâ€¢50B2O3 Glasses and Glass Ceramics

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHYSICS ◽

10.24297/jap.v13i1.6785 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 4486-4494 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G.El Damrawi ◽

F. Gharghar

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Large Scale ◽

Glass Ceramics ◽

Magnetic Behavior ◽

Crystal Formation ◽

Dual Roles ◽

Effective Agent ◽

Ordered Structures ◽

Essential Change

Cerium oxide in borate glasses of composition xCeO2Â·(50 âˆ’ x)PbOÂ·50B2O3 plays an important role in changing both microstructure and magnetic behaviors of the system. The structural role of CeO2 as an effective agent for cluster and crystal formation in borate network is clearly evidenced by XRD technique. Both structure and size of well-formed cerium separated clusters have an effective influence on the structural properties. The cluster aggregations are documented to be found in different range ordered structures, intermediate and long range orders are the most structures in which cerium phases are involved. The nano-sized crystallized cerium species in lead borate phase are evidenced to have magnetic behavior. The criteria of building new specific borate phase enriched with cerium as ferrimagnetism has been found to keep the magnetization in large scale even at extremely high temperature. Treating the glass thermally or exposing it to an effective dose of ionized radiation is evidenced to have an essential change in magnetic properties. Thermal heat treatment for some of investigated materials is observed to play dual roles in the glass matrix. It can not only enhance alignment processes of the magnetic moment but also increases the capacity of the crystallite species in the magnetic phases. On the other hand, reverse processes are remarked under the effect of irradiation. The magnetization was found to be lowered, since several types of the trap centers which are regarded as defective states can be produced by effect of ionized radiation.

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The Impact of Quantitative Easing on Emerging Markets – Literature Review

e-Finanse ◽

10.2478/fiqf-2018-0028 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 67-76

Author(s):

Piotr Bartkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Emerging Markets ◽

Large Scale ◽

Empirical Literature ◽

Quantitative Easing ◽

Methodological Choices ◽

The Subject ◽

Methodological Approaches ◽

The Impact ◽

Sufficient Precision

AbstractThe article presents the results of the review of the empirical literature regarding the impact of quantitative easing (QE) on emerging markets (EMs). The subject is of interest to policymakers and researchers due to the increasingly larger role of EMs in the world economy and the large-scale capital flows occurring after 2009. The review is conducted in a systematic manner and takes into consideration different methodological choices, samples and measurement issues. The paper puts the summarized results in the context of transmission channels identified in the literature. There are few distinct methodological approaches present in the literature. While there is a consensus regarding the direction of the impact of QE on EMs, its size and durability have not yet been assessed with sufficient precision. In addition, there are clear gaps in the empirical findings, not least related to relative underrepresentation of the CEE region (in particular, Poland).

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Age Advantages of Emotional Experience during the COVID-19 Pandemic are Robust, but Diminished Compared to Pre-pandemic Conditions

10.31234/osf.io/h2fsq ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rui Sun ◽

Disa Sauter

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Large Scale ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Emotional Experience ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Selection Strategies ◽

Scale Test ◽

Prolonged Stress

Getting old is generally seen as unappealing, yet aging confers considerable advantages in several psychological domains (North & Fiske, 2015). In particular, older adults are better off emotionally than younger adults, with aging associated with the so-called “age advantages,” that is, more positive and less negative emotional experiences (Carstensen et al., 2011). Although the age advantages are well established, it is less clear whether they occur under conditions of prolonged stress. In a recent study, Carstensen et al (2020) demonstrated that the age advantages persist during the COVID-19 pandemic, suggesting that older adults are able to utilise cognitive and behavioural strategies to ameliorate even sustained stress. Here, we build on Carstensen and colleagues’ work with two studies. In Study 1, we provide a large-scale test of the robustness of Carstensen and colleagues’ finding that older individuals experience more positive and less negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We measured positive and negative emotions along with age information in 23,629 participants in 63 countries in April-May 2020. In Study 2, we provide a comparison of the age advantages using representative samples collected before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We demonstrate that older people experience less negative emotion than younger people during the prolonged stress of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the advantage of older adults was diminished during the pandemic, pointing to a likely role of older adults use of situation selection strategies (Charles, 2010).

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