Solar Photocatalytic Detoxification and Disinfection of Water: Recent Overview

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Blanco-Galvez ◽  
Pilar Fernández-Ibáñez ◽  
Sixto Malato-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Solar Photocatalysis ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Solar Reactors ◽  
Photocatalytic Processes

During the last few years, there has been a plethora of research and development in the area of solar photocatalysis (TiO2 and photo-Fenton). This overview, of the most recent papers on the use of sunlight to produce the O∙H, comments on those most relevant to the development of the technology and summarizes most of the recent research related to the degradation of water contaminants, and how solar photocatalysis (coupled with biotreatment) could significantly contribute to the treatment of very persistent toxic compounds. Various solar reactors for photocatalytic water treatment based mainly on nonconcentrating collectors developed during the last few years are also described in detail. This review also reports the use of the photocatalytic processes (TiO2) to inactivate microorganisms present in water, placing special emphasis on those applications that make use of sunlight. Work on water disinfection mechanisms in the last decade is summarized in the last part of this overview, with attention to some experimental systems developed to optimize this disinfection technology.

Electrochemical Preparation of CuZn Metallic Foams for Removing Water Contaminants

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 7374-7380
Author(s):  
G. Vourlias
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Electrochemical Preparation ◽  
Precipitation Procedure ◽  
Cuzn Alloy ◽  
Deposition Mode ◽  
Cu And Zn

This study is focused on the preparation of metal (Cu, Zn) nanopowders by an electrochemical reduction/precipitation procedure, which provides the primary components for the development of CuZn alloy metallic foams. This well-controlledmethod allows straight forward control of the reaction parameters and the restriction of oxidation effects, while resulting in stable and small grain size metal nanopowders. Whether precipitation of Cu and Zn is held separately or in alternating deposition mode, the characteristics of synthesized nanopowders assist easier mixing, alloying and realization of metallic foams suitable for water treatment applications. CuZn alloy foams developed with this technique presented equivalent efficiency and lower corrosion and leaching rates compared to those prepared with commercial powder methods.

Photocatalysis of Coomassie Brilliant Blue Using Clay Mineral

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 765-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layane Rodrigues Almeida ◽  
João Sammy Nery Souza ◽  
Edson Cavalcanti Silva Filho ◽  
Josy Anteveli Osajima
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Brilliant Blue ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Coomassie Brilliant Blue ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Coomassie Brilliant ◽  
Photocatalytic Processes

The presence of organic pollutants, which cannot be eliminated by conventional processes of primary and secondary treatment, can be problematic. Photocatalytic processes offer an efficient breakdown of organic pollutants into non-toxic compounds such as CO2 and H2O. This paper proposes the use of the titanium dioxide embedded in palygorskite as a photoactive material in the degradation of cationic dye, Coomassie Brilliant Blue. The system was irradiated using UV light for a maximum time of 120 minutes. The concentration of the dye used was 1.0x10-4 mol L-1 in 0.5 g L-1 of the photoactive material. The kinetics of the system was monitored by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. In 120 minutes of radiation, the process of photocatalysis reduced the initial concentration of the Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye in half.

Solar photocatalysis for water disinfection: materials and reactor design

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1211-1226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donal A. Keane ◽  
Kevin G. McGuigan ◽  
Pilar Fernández Ibáñez ◽  
M. Inmaculada Polo-López ◽  
J. Anthony Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactor Design ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Solar Photocatalysis ◽  
Photocatalytic Mechanism ◽  
Recent Developments

This comprehensive review addresses the fundamentals of photocatalytic mechanism, recent developments in materials synthesis and reactor design.

Synthesis, Characterization and Bactericide Properties of Al2O3 Nanoparticles and Al2O3-PAN Membranes for Alternative Water Disinfection Methods

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (30) ◽  
pp. 1605-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdiel Oquendo-Cruz ◽  
Ana Vega-Avila ◽  
Oscar Perales-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Al2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Disinfection Methods ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Bacterial Removal ◽  
Electrospun Membranes ◽  
Ft Ir

ABSTRACTAs the global populations grow, water demand and pollution of water resources will increase. As a consequence, water borne disease outbreaks are on the rise and current disinfection methods have been shown to be ineffective in inactivating all pathogens during water treatment. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) have been shown to poses antimicrobial properties. Also, Al2O3 has high thermal and chemical stability, which makes these NPs an excellent candidate for water treatment applications. Thus, the objective of this work is to assess the bactericidal properties of Al2O3 NPs synthesized using a polyol-based process in presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). For practical applications nanoparticles must be immobilized in a medium to ensure that particles are not dispersed into the treated water. For this reason, synthesized nanoparticles were dispersed in electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes to also evaluate the bacterial removal capacity. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis suggests that synthesized nanoparticles are γ-Al2O3 after annealing at 800°C for 6 hours. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization was used to determine the morphology and size of synthesized nanoparticles. Composite electrospun membranes were also characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and SEM. The bactericide activity of the synthesized γ-Al2O3 NPs and commercially available Al2O3 particles was evaluated by the disc diffusion method against E. coli bacteria. Also, Al2O3-PAN composite electrospun membranes bacterial filtration capacity was tested. Both synthesized and industrially produced particles exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli, but polyol-based synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated better bactericide properties. The bacterial removal capacity of PAN and PAN/Al2O3 fibers was comparable to that of paper filters.

scholarly journals Xenic Cultivation and Genotyping of Pathogenic Free-Living Amoeba from Public Water Supply Sources in Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celsus Sente ◽  
Joseph Erume ◽  
Irene Naigaga ◽  
Benigna Gabriela Namara ◽  
Julius Mulindwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Free Living Amoeba

Studies on waterborne parasites from natural environment and domestic water sources in Uganda are very scarce and unpublished. Water dwelling free-living amoebae (FLA) of the genus Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, and Naegleria are often responsible for causing morbidities and mortalities in individuals with recent contact with contaminated water, but their presence in Uganda’s public water supply sources is not known. We cultivated and genotyped FLA from natural and domestic water from Queen Elizabeth Protected Area (QEPA) and Kampala (KLA). The cultivated parasites were observed microscopically and recorded. The overall prevalence of FLA in QEPA (Acanthamoeba spp., 35%; Hartmannella spp., 18.9%; Naegleria spp., 13.5%) and KLA (Acanthamoeba spp., 28.3%; Naegleria spp., 16.6%; Hartmannella spp., 23.1%) were not significantly different. The highest prevalence across water sources in QEPA and KLA was observed for Acanthamoeba spp., followed by Hartmannella spp., and Naegleria spp. Overall FLA mean (±SE) and mean (±SE) across water sources were highest for Acanthamoeba spp. compared to other FLA but were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Analysis of the FLA sequences produced 1 Cercomonas, 1 Nuclearia, 1 Bodomorpha, 2 Hartmannella, 5 Echinamoeba, and 7 Acanthamoeba partial sequences, indicating a muliplicity of water contaminants that need to be controlled by proper water treatment.

Wavelength dependence of the efficiency of photocatalytic processes for water treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 258-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Martín-Sómer ◽  
Beatriz Vega ◽  
Cristina Pablos ◽  
Rafael van Grieken ◽  
Javier Marugán
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Wavelength Dependence ◽  
Photocatalytic Processes
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