Electrochemical Preparation of CuZn Metallic Foams for Removing Water Contaminants

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 7374-7380
Author(s):  
G. Vourlias
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Electrochemical Preparation ◽  
Precipitation Procedure ◽  
Cuzn Alloy ◽  
Deposition Mode ◽  
Cu And Zn

This study is focused on the preparation of metal (Cu, Zn) nanopowders by an electrochemical reduction/precipitation procedure, which provides the primary components for the development of CuZn alloy metallic foams. This well-controlledmethod allows straight forward control of the reaction parameters and the restriction of oxidation effects, while resulting in stable and small grain size metal nanopowders. Whether precipitation of Cu and Zn is held separately or in alternating deposition mode, the characteristics of synthesized nanopowders assist easier mixing, alloying and realization of metallic foams suitable for water treatment applications. CuZn alloy foams developed with this technique presented equivalent efficiency and lower corrosion and leaching rates compared to those prepared with commercial powder methods.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS TEST OF ABSORPTION CAPACITY OF ACTIVATED CHARCOAL BY IMMERSING H3PO4 AND GRAIN SIZE PALM OIL SHELLS ON INSTALLATION OF PEAT WATER TREATMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-389
Author(s):  
Diharyo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Water Contaminants

Peat water is one of the ground or surface water found in swampy and lowland peat areas, brownish red, high acidity, and has high organic content. Palm shells activated charcoal can be useful as a raw material for making activated carbon because it is very effective at absorbing organic content in peat water, testing the effectiveness of peat water treatment installation with activated arbons is one way to determine the adsorption power of activated charcoal against peat water contaminants. The aim of this study was to determine the absorption capacity of activated charcoal by immersing H3PO4 and grain size of mesh 200 palm oil shells through the effectiveness test of peat water treatment installation. The variables observed with the effectiveness test of peat water treatment installation were pH and iron content (Fe). Analysis of the data used is descriptive analysis that compares before and after treatment of peat water with activated carbon. From the measurement results of peat water parameters compared with the quality standards of the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 492 of 2010 concerning Drinking Water Quality. The results of testing the effectiveness of peat water installation with activated charcoal as a result of activation by immersion using Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) with a grain size of palm shell charcoal of 200 mesh can improve the quality of peat water but do not meet clean water quality standards that are fit for drinking. An increase in peat water pH from 4.443 to 6.4 - 6.5, and a decrease in Fe content from 9.43 mg / l to 2.275 - 3.309 mg / l.

Solar Photocatalytic Detoxification and Disinfection of Water: Recent Overview

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Blanco-Galvez ◽  
Pilar Fernández-Ibáñez ◽  
Sixto Malato-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Solar Photocatalysis ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Solar Reactors ◽  
Photocatalytic Processes

During the last few years, there has been a plethora of research and development in the area of solar photocatalysis (TiO2 and photo-Fenton). This overview, of the most recent papers on the use of sunlight to produce the O∙H, comments on those most relevant to the development of the technology and summarizes most of the recent research related to the degradation of water contaminants, and how solar photocatalysis (coupled with biotreatment) could significantly contribute to the treatment of very persistent toxic compounds. Various solar reactors for photocatalytic water treatment based mainly on nonconcentrating collectors developed during the last few years are also described in detail. This review also reports the use of the photocatalytic processes (TiO2) to inactivate microorganisms present in water, placing special emphasis on those applications that make use of sunlight. Work on water disinfection mechanisms in the last decade is summarized in the last part of this overview, with attention to some experimental systems developed to optimize this disinfection technology.

scholarly journals Xenic Cultivation and Genotyping of Pathogenic Free-Living Amoeba from Public Water Supply Sources in Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celsus Sente ◽  
Joseph Erume ◽  
Irene Naigaga ◽  
Benigna Gabriela Namara ◽  
Julius Mulindwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Free Living Amoeba

Studies on waterborne parasites from natural environment and domestic water sources in Uganda are very scarce and unpublished. Water dwelling free-living amoebae (FLA) of the genus Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella, and Naegleria are often responsible for causing morbidities and mortalities in individuals with recent contact with contaminated water, but their presence in Uganda’s public water supply sources is not known. We cultivated and genotyped FLA from natural and domestic water from Queen Elizabeth Protected Area (QEPA) and Kampala (KLA). The cultivated parasites were observed microscopically and recorded. The overall prevalence of FLA in QEPA (Acanthamoeba spp., 35%; Hartmannella spp., 18.9%; Naegleria spp., 13.5%) and KLA (Acanthamoeba spp., 28.3%; Naegleria spp., 16.6%; Hartmannella spp., 23.1%) were not significantly different. The highest prevalence across water sources in QEPA and KLA was observed for Acanthamoeba spp., followed by Hartmannella spp., and Naegleria spp. Overall FLA mean (±SE) and mean (±SE) across water sources were highest for Acanthamoeba spp. compared to other FLA but were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Analysis of the FLA sequences produced 1 Cercomonas, 1 Nuclearia, 1 Bodomorpha, 2 Hartmannella, 5 Echinamoeba, and 7 Acanthamoeba partial sequences, indicating a muliplicity of water contaminants that need to be controlled by proper water treatment.

CoPt/C NANOGRANULAR MAGNETIC THIN FILM

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 2261-2271 ◽  
Author(s):  
TONG LI ◽  
HUI YAN ◽  
HAI WANG ◽  
WU ZHENG
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
High Coercivity ◽  
Magnetic Thin Film ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Density Recording ◽  
Deposition Mode

Granular Co 30 Pt 70/ C and Co 45 Pt 55/ C films, consisting of nanoparticle CoPt phases embedded in a carbon matrix, have been made by co-sputtering from CoPt and C targets using a tandem deposition mode. X-ray diffraction shows the existence of hard CoPt phase embedded in an amorphous C matrix after annealing. The coercivities for CoPt/C are strongly dependent on C and Pt composition. Films with coercivity of up to 5.4 kOe and grain size of 7 nm can be obtained. The development of shoulder in hysteresis loop may be contributed to the co-existence of magnetic soft CoPt 3 and hard CoPt phases and the magnetic interactions between them. High remanence Mr/Ms (>0.8) found in our samples indicates the presence of the intergranular interactions in the samples. Observed positive contributions of δm also give evidence of the existence of exchange interaction. High coercivity and large Mr/Ms make granular CoPt/C film with magnetic nanoparticles very attractive for next-generation high-density recording.

scholarly journals Electrochemical study of the stability of ferrates(VI) in low temperature molten hydroxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
Kamil Kerekeš ◽  
Katarína Švaňová ◽  
Ján Híveš ◽  
Miroslav Gál
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Electrochemical Preparation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
By Products

Abstract During last decades interest in ferrates(VI) has increased significantly. On one hand they serve as strong, non-toxic oxidants without harmful by-products and, on the other hand, as an efficient coagulant in both drinking and waste water treatment technology. In this work we focused on the electrochemical preparation of ferrate (VI) salts in eutectic low temperature molten sodium hydroxide - water mixture using pure iron anodes. Some information on the stability and kinetics of decomposition of sodium ferrate(VI) prepared by molten-system electrolysis is discussed. An assumption that electrochemically prepared ferrate(VI) in molten hydroxide media are stable enough to be used especially in the field of waste water treatment was confirmed by our observation.

Flocculation kinetics mechanism and floc formation prepared by poly aluminum chloride coupled with polyacrylamide for ship ballast water

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Zhou ◽  
Sha Liu ◽  
Linan Jia
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Ballast Water Treatment ◽  
Vortex Size ◽  
Ship Ballast Water

The performance of flocculants prepared by poly aluminum chloride (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) on treating ballast water collected at the Dalian new port area, the evaluation depending on the values of reaction parameters, and kinetics mechanism of flocculation were investigated in this study. Accordingly, the flocculants of 0.1 g·L−1, prepared by mixing PAC of 10% with PAM of 2.0‰, enabled the removal rate of zooplankton and phytoplankton to reach 91% in ballast water at 20 °C. Based on flocculation kinetics mechanism analysis, the efficient vortex size during stirring should be larger than the floc particles, and gradient of fluctuating velocity provide the impetus for turbulence flocculation. The results of this study could be relevant to understanding particle–floc interactions during developmental flocculation, and during application of ballast water treatment.

Problems related to particulate and dissolved components in water: the importance of organic matter

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bursill ◽  
J. van Leeuwen ◽  
M. Drikas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Dissolved Components

Natural organic matter (NOM) of microbial, animal and vegetable origin in reservoir catchments is the key factor influencing most, if not all water treatment processes. The character of the NOM and its involvement in water treatment processes requires greater understanding for determination of improved removal processes and interactions with other water contaminants. It is considered that a greater understanding of NOM reactions would lead to far better predictive capacity for water treatment designers and operators to minimise its impacts in treated water. Maximising the removal of NOM in the production of drinking water has many attractions such as minimising the formation of disinfection by-products and bacterial regrowth in the distribution system. By enhancing NOM removal, residual colour is also minimised. This paper provides an overview of work performed in Australia, on the issue of NOM removal from raw waters using conventional and novel technologies.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effluents of Basra City Main Water Treatment Plants for Drinking and Irrigation Purposes

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3334
Author(s):  
Suhad Almuktar ◽  
Ahmed Naseh Ahmed Hamdan ◽  
Miklas Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
To Come

A severe water scarcity challenge is facing Iraq, which is predominantly due to the absence of water management policies, negatively impacting the water quantity and quality provision from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Moreover, these practices have led to the intrusion of the Arabian Gulf salinity wedge into the Shatt Al-Arab River (SAR), which is the main water source for most water treatment plants (WTPs) in Basra city. In addition, the inadequate management and operation for most WTPs is another reason for the deterioration of water quality provided to Basra province. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the main WTP within Basra province and to subsequently make recommendations for decision-makers to come up with new management strategies and policies. The effluents from eight WTPs were selected to study the quality of water supply for Basra city during the period between January 2018 and December 2018. The results showed that all WTPs were inadequate to treat raw water for drinking or irrigation purposes mainly due to the very bad raw water quality provided by the SAR as well as the lack of maintenance for such plants, resulting in very low removal efficiencies for various water contaminants.

scholarly journals Effects of Eutectic Modification and Grain Refinement on Microstructure and Properties of PM AlSi7 Metallic Foams

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Lehmhus ◽  
Daniela Hünert ◽  
Ulrike Mosler ◽  
Ulrich Martin ◽  
Jörg Weise
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Microstructure Modification ◽  
Eutectic Modification ◽  
B Additions ◽  
Size And Morphology

For AlSi7 foams, microstructure modification by variation of solidification rates and addition of Sr, B and TiB2/TiAl3 was investigated and its transfer to powder metallurgical metal foaming processes demonstrated. Microstructural characterization focused on grain size and morphology of the eutectic phase. Cooling rates during solidification were linked to secondary dendrite arm spacing, establishing a microstructure-based measure of solidification rates. Effects of refining and modification treatments were compared and their influence on foam expansion evaluated. Studies on foams focused on comparison of micro- and pore structure using metallographic techniques as well as computed tomography in combination with image analysis. Reference samples without additives and untreated as well as annealed TiH2 as foaming agent allowed evaluation of pore and microstructure impact on mechanical performance. Evaluation of expansion and pore structure revealed detrimental effects of Sr and B additions, limiting the evaluation of mechanical performance to the TiB2 samples. These, as well as the two reference series samples, were subjected to quasi-static compression testing. Stress-strain curves were gained and density-dependent expressions of ultimate compressive strength, plateau strength and tangent modulus derived. Weibull evaluation of density-normalized mechanical properties revealed a significant influence of grain size on the Weibull modulus at densities below 0.4 g/cm3.

scholarly journals Advanced Oxidation Processes Coupled with Nanomaterials for Water Treatment

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2045
Author(s):  
Inês M. F. Cardoso ◽  
Rita M. F. Cardoso ◽  
Joaquim C. G. Esteves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Oxidation Processes

Water quality management will be a priority issue in the near future. Indeed, due to scarcity and/or contamination of the water, regulatory frameworks will be increasingly strict to reduce environmental impacts of wastewater and to allow water to be reused. Moreover, drinking water quality standards must be improved in order to account for the emerging pollutants that are being detected in tap water. These tasks can only be achieved if new improved and sustainable water treatment technologies are developed. Nanomaterials are improving the ongoing research on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This work reviews the most important AOPs, namely: persulfate, chlorine and NH2Cl based processes, UV/H2O2, Fenton processes, ozone, and heterogeneous photocatalytic processes. A critical review of the current coupling of nanomaterials to some of these AOPs is presented. Besides the active role of the nanomaterials in the degradation of water contaminants/pollutants in the AOPs, the relevance of their adsorbent/absorbent function in these processes is also discussed.

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