A Data Dependent Systems Strategy of On-Line Tool Wear Sensing

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Pandit ◽  
S. Kashou
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
On Line ◽  
Response Testing ◽  
Acceleration Component

An indirect method of tool wear sensing and critical wear detection is suggested. It is based on the Data Dependent Systems (DDS) modeling of vibrations from an accelerometer mounted on the tool holder at a safe distance away from the cutting process. The DDS provides an estimate of the tool acceleration component, sensitive to wear alone, at the natural frequency of the tool confirmed by impulse response testing. This acceleration decreases at the beginning, approaches a minimum at the critical wear, and increases again, much the same way as a rate of wear curve. The trend remains unchanged under different cutting conditions, although the actual values change. Based on this finding, an on-line tool wear sensing strategy is proposed, verified by a confirmation experiment and supplemented by a block diagram of microprocessor implementation.

Integrated System for Monitoring the Tool State Using Temperature Measuring by Natural Thermocouple Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinela Inţă ◽  
Achim Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Tool Temperature ◽  
On Line

The intensive developments of intelligent manufacturing systems in the last decades open the large possibilities of more accurate monitoring of the metal cutting process. One of the most important factors of the process is the tool state given by the rate of the tool wear, which is the result of a lot of influences of almost all cutting parameters. The modern tool monitoring systems relieved that the accuracy of the results increases when using a combination of surveyed signals such as: vibrations, power consumption, acoustic emission, forces or tool temperature. Combining the output signals in a monitoring function using the neural network method gives the best results when using on-line monitoring. Considering the tool temperature as an important factor in the tool wear process and adding it to the acoustic emission and force measuring the accuracy of the results seems to improve significantly. The present paper describes an integrated monitoring system with integration of the cutting temperature, the calibration device for work piece-tool thermocouple, and the block diagram for on-line survey measuring using LabView platform.

In-process sensing of tool wear and process states using a cylindrical displacement sensor in hard turning

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (12) ◽  
pp. 1673-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
I H Kim ◽  
D Y Jang ◽  
W J Kim ◽  
D C Han
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Flank Wear ◽  
Radial Motion ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Displacement Sensor ◽  
Tool Performance ◽  
The Face ◽  
On Line ◽  
Centre Shift

A cylindrical capacitance-type spindle displacement sensor was developed and its effectiveness as a system for monitoring cutting conditions during hard turning was tested in this research. The sensor was installed between the face of the spindle cover and the chucking element, and measured pure radial motion of the spindle under conditions of roundness error at the measured surface. To prove the effectiveness of the developed system, hard-turning tests using ceramic inserts and with tool steel as the workpiece were conducted. The workpiece was hardened up to 65 Rc. The variations in pure radial motion of the spindle were measured during the cutting tests. The signals from the sensor showed the same pattern of cutting force variations from the tool dynamometer due to the progress of tool wear. As the flank wear of the ceramic tool increased, both the static component of the cutting forces and the centre shift of the spindle orbit increased. Results from the research showed that the developed sensor could be utilized as an effective and cheap on-line sensing device to monitor cutting conditions and tool performance in the unmanned machining centre.

On-Line Tool Wear Sensing for Turning Operations

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. El Gomayel ◽  
K. D. Bregger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Differential Mode ◽  
Turning Operations ◽  
Electromagnetic Sensors ◽  
Voltage Output ◽  
On Line ◽  
Set Up

A sensing device was developed to measure tool wear indirectly by monitoring the change of the workpiece diameter during turning operations. The change in the diameter was sensed by electromagnetic sensors which gave a voltage output directly related to the gap between the sensor and the workpiece. After trying different alternatives, the final arrangement was set up with two sensors operating in a differential mode which allowed compensation for deflections and vibrations. The electromagnetic sensors could detect minute wear for the different cutting conditions used (speeds of 350–550 ft/min, feeds from from 0.0208–0.0232 in./rev. and depths of cuts from 0.030–0.100 in.). The experimental data obtained for flank and nose wear were in agreement with the results obtained from the conventional method of measuring the wear by a toolmaker’s microscope.

On-line alignment and astigmatism correction using a TV and personal computer

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
F. Hosokawa ◽  
Y. Kondo ◽  
T. Honda ◽  
Y. Ishida ◽  
M. Kersker
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Alignment Procedure ◽  
Astigmatism Correction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alignment System ◽  
On Line

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy must attain utmost accuracy in the alignment of incident beam direction and in astigmatism correction, and that, in the shortest possible time. As a method to eliminate this troublesome work, an automatic alignment system using the Slow-Scan CCD camera has been introduced recently. In this method, diffractograms of amorphous images are calculated and analyzed to detect misalignment and astigmatism automatically. In the present study, we also examined diffractogram analysis using a personal computer and digitized TV images, and found that TV images provided enough quality for the on-line alignment procedure of high-resolution work in TEM. Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of our system. The averaged image is digitized by a TV board and is transported to a computer memory, then a diffractogram is calculated using an FFT board, and the feedback parameters which are determined by diffractogram analysis are sent to the microscope(JEM- 2010) through the RS232C interface. The on-line correction system has the following three modes.

SPRITE detector characterization through impulse response testing

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry K. Anderson ◽  
Glenn D. Boreman ◽  
Kenneth J. Barnard ◽  
Allen E. Plogstedt
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Detector Characterization ◽  
Response Testing

Monitoring of Cutting Conditions with Dry Cutting on CNC Turning Machine

2010 ◽  
Vol 443 ◽  
pp. 382-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somkiat Tangjitsitcharoen ◽  
Suthas Ratanakuakangwan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Cutting Condition ◽  
Nose Radius ◽  
Dry Cutting ◽  
Cnc Turning ◽  
Coated Carbide

This paper presents the additional work of the previous research in order to verify the previously obtained cutting condition by using the different cutting tool geometries. The effects of the cutting conditions with the dry cutting are monitored to obtain the proper cutting condition for the plain carbon steel with the coated carbide tool based on the consideration of the surface roughness and the tool life. The dynamometer is employed and installed on the turret of CNC turning machine to measure the in-process cutting forces. The in-process cutting forces are used to analyze the cutting temperature, the tool wear and the surface roughness. The experimentally obtained results show that the surface roughness and the tool wear can be well explained by the in-process cutting forces. Referring to the criteria, the experimentally obtained proper cutting condition is the same with the previous research except the rake angle and the tool nose radius.

A Framework for Big Data Driven On-Line Monitoring of Tool Wear

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Gui ◽  
Sheng Leng ◽  
Zhiqiang Dai ◽  
Jiyuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
On Line

Robust text watermarking based on line shifting

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Alexander Kozachok ◽  
Sergey Kopylov
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
Data Embedding ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Robust Watermark ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Line Spacing ◽  
On Line

 Abstract— This article presents an approach to protection of printed text data by watermark embedding in the printing process. Data protection is based on robust watermark embedding that is invariant to text data format converting into image. The choice of a robust watermark within the confines of the presented classification of digital watermark is justified. The requirements to developed robust watermark have been formed. According to the formed requirements and existing restrictions, an approach to robust watermark embedding into text data based on a steganographic algorithm of line spacing shifting has been developed. The block diagram and the description of the developed algorithm of data embedding into text data are given. An experimental estimation of the embedding capacity and perceptual invisibility of the developed data embedding approach was carried out. An approach to extract embedded information from images containing a robust watermark has been developed. The limits of the retrieval, extraction accuracy and robustness evaluation of embedded data to various transformations have been experimentally established.Tóm tắt— Bài báo trình bày cách tiếp cận để bảo vệ dữ liệu văn bản in bằng cách nhúng vào văn bản một đoạn thủy vân trong quá trình in. Bảo vệ dữ liệu dựa trên việc sử dụng thủy vân bền vững có khả năng chống lại sự chuyển đổi định dạng dữ liệu văn bản sang dữ liệu hình ảnh. Sau quá trình phân tích các hệ thống thủy vân số hiện có, nhận thấy việc lựa chọn một mô hình thủy vân bền vững là hợp lý. Do yêu cầu thực tế và các hạn chế của phương pháp nhúng thủy vân vào dữ liệu văn bản hiện có, bài báo đưa ra phương pháp nhúng mới được phát triển dựa trên một thuật toán ẩn mã sử dụng cách thay đổi khoảng cách giữa các dòng trong văn bản. Bài báo đưa ra một sơ đồ khối và mô tả thuật toán nhúng thông tin vào dữ liệu văn bản. Các thực nghiệm về khả năng nhúng và khả năng che giấu thông tin với tri giác thông thường của dữ liệu nhúng cũng được trình bày. Bài báo cũng nêu cách tiếp cận để trích xuất thông tin được nhúng từ các hình ảnh có chứa thủy vân bền vững. Bên cạnh đó, chúng tôi cũng đưa ra các giới hạn về khả năng ứng dụng của phương pháp dựa trên các thực nghiệm, các đánh giá về độ chính xác của việc trích xuất được dữ liệu và độ mạnh của phương pháp nhúng mới này đối với các phép biến đổi ảnh khác nhau. 

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