The Effect of Percent Hydrogen in Fuel on Smoke Emissions of a Compression-Ignition Engine

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 842-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Voorhies ◽  
L. R. Daniel ◽  
L. Long
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Unique Parameter

Six diesel fuels, varying in percent hydrogen from 12.36 to 14.38 percent and in cetane number from 37.5 to 55.5, were evaluated for percent opacity as a function of fuel-air ratio—both at 800 and 1000 rpm—in a Waukesha CFR diesel engine. In both cases, at a given fuel-air ratio, the smoke emissions (measured by percent opacity) decreased with increasing percent hydrogen in the fuel. In these studies, percent hydrogen was both a satisfactory and a unique parameter, since neither cetane number nor volatility of the various fuels could be correlated with smoke emissions. In these studies, percent hydrogen is apparently the essential index of diesel fuel quality for satisfactory smoke emissions.

scholarly journals A Multicomponent Blend as a Diesel Fuel Surrogate for Compression Ignition Engine Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanjiang Pei ◽  
Marco Mehl ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Tianfeng Lu ◽  
William J. Pitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Combined Mechanism ◽  
Fuel Surrogate ◽  
Skeletal Mechanism

A mixture of n-dodecane and m-xylene is investigated as a diesel fuel surrogate for compression ignition (CI) engine applications. Compared to neat n-dodecane, this binary mixture is more representative of diesel fuel because it contains an alkyl-benzene which represents an important chemical class present in diesel fuels. A detailed multicomponent mechanism for n-dodecane and m-xylene was developed by combining a previously developed n-dodecane mechanism with a recently developed mechanism for xylenes. The xylene mechanism is shown to reproduce experimental ignition data from a rapid compression machine (RCM) and shock tube (ST), speciation data from the jet stirred reactor and flame speed data. This combined mechanism was validated by comparing predictions from the model with experimental data for ignition in STs and for reactivity in a flow reactor. The combined mechanism, consisting of 2885 species and 11,754 reactions, was reduced to a skeletal mechanism consisting 163 species and 887 reactions for 3D diesel engine simulations. The mechanism reduction was performed using directed relation graph (DRG) with expert knowledge (DRG-X) and DRG-aided sensitivity analysis (DRGASA) at a fixed fuel composition of 77% of n-dodecane and 23% m-xylene by volume. The sample space for the reduction covered pressure of 1–80 bar, equivalence ratio of 0.5–2.0, and initial temperature of 700–1600 K for ignition. The skeletal mechanism was compared with the detailed mechanism for ignition and flow reactor predictions. Finally, the skeletal mechanism was validated against a spray flame dataset under diesel engine conditions documented on the engine combustion network (ECN) website. These multidimensional simulations were performed using a representative interactive flame (RIF) turbulent combustion model. Encouraging results were obtained compared to the experiments with regard to the predictions of ignition delay and lift-off length at different ambient temperatures.

COMBUSTION AND EMISSIONS CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE FUELLED WITH N-BUTANOL BLENDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Yusri ◽  
M. K. Akasyah ◽  
R. Mamat ◽  
O. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Blended Fuels

The use of biomass based renewable fuel, n-butanol blends for compression ignition (CI) engine has attracted wide attention due to its superior properties such as better miscibility, higher energy content, and cetane number as compared to other alternatives fuel. In this present study the use of n-butanol 10% blends (Bu10) with diesel fuel has been tested using multi-cylinder, 4-stroke engine with common rail direct injection system to investigate the combustion and emissions of the blended fuels. Based on the tested engine at BMEP=3.5Bar. Based on the results Bu10 fuel indicates lower first and second peak pressure by 5.4% and 2.4% for engine speed 1000rpm and 4.4% and 2.1% for engine speed 2500rpm compared to diesel fuel respectively. Percentage reduction relative to diesel fuel at engine speeds 1000rpm and 2500rpm for Bu10: Exhaust temperature was 7.5% and 5.2% respectively; Nitrogen oxides (NOx) 73.4% and 11.3% respectively.

scholarly journals Analysis of Engine Parameters at Using Diesel-LPG and Diesel-CNG Mixture in Compression-ignition Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Jukl ◽  
Petr Dostál ◽  
Jiří Čupera
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Measurement Equipment ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Positive Effect

This work is aimed on influence of diesel engine parameters that is used with mixture of gas and diesel fuel. The first part of the article describes diesel fuel systems where small part of diesel fuel is replaced by LPG or CNG fuel. These systems are often called as Diesel-Gas systems. Next part of the article focuses on tested car and measurement equipment. Measurement was performed by common-rail diesel engine in Fiat Doblň. Tests were carried out in laboratories of the Department of Engineering and Automobile Transport at the Mendel University in Brno. They were observed changes between emissions of used fuels – diesel without addition of gas, diesel + LPG and diesel + CNG mixture. It was found that that the addition of gas had positive effect on the performance parameters and emissions.

scholarly journals Research of Energy and Ecological Indicators of a Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Diesel, Biodiesel (RME-Based) and Isopropanol Fuel Blends

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredas Rimkus ◽  
Jonas Matijošius ◽  
Sai Manoj Rayapureddy
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Combustion Phase ◽  
Rapeseed Methyl Ester

This article presents the results of a study of energy and ecological indicators at different engine loads (BMEP) adjusting the Start of Injection (SOI) of a Compression Ignition Engine fuelled with blends of diesel (D), rapeseed methyl ester (RME)-based biodiesel and isopropanol (P). Fuel blends mixed at D50RME45P5, D50RME40P10 and D50RME30P20 proportions were used. Alcohol-based fuels, such as isopropanol, were chosen because they can be made from different biomass-based feedstocks and used as additives with diesel fuel in diesel engines. Diesel fuel and its blend with 10% alcohol have almost the same thermal efficiency (BTE). In further examination of energy and ecological indicators, combustion parameters were analysed at SOI 6 CAD BTDC using AVL BOOST software (BURN subprogram). Increasing alcohol content in fuel blends led to a reduced cetane number, which prolonged the ignition delay phase and intensified heat release in the premixed combustion phase. Higher combustion temperatures and oxygen content in the fuel blends increased NOx emissions. Lower C/H ratios and higher O2 levels affected by RME and isopropanol reduced smoke emissions.

scholarly journals ENERGY ANALYSIS OF KARANJA OIL AS A SUPPLEMENTARY FUEL FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Biplab Das ◽  
Pradip Lingfa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Karanja Oil ◽  
Load Conditions

The paper highlights the results of an experimental investigation carried out on Karanja oil as a supplementary for diesel fuel in Compression Ignition engine. In the present study, triglycerides of Karanja oil is converted into mono-ester (biodiesel) using based catalyst transesterfication process. Karanja biodiesel is blended with petroleum diesel in the volumetric proportions of 2−10%. Results reveal that the performance characteristics of Karanja biodiesel blends are well comparable with diesel fuel. The emission characteristics such as CO, HC and smoke are found to be lower for Karanja biodiesel blends at all the engine load conditions compared to diesel fuel. Hence, it is concluded that Karanja oil at lower blends can be used in diesel engine without any substantial engine modification.

A Simulation of the Effect of Iraqi Diesel Fuel Cetane Number on the Performance of a Compression Ignition Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Mohammed Kadhim Allawi ◽  
Mohanad Kadhim Mejbel ◽  
Younis Muhsin Younis ◽  
Sabah Jameel Mezher
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine

Investigating the Use of Heavy Alcohols as a Fuel Blending Agent for Compression Ignition Engine Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita I. Ramírez ◽  
Sibendu Som ◽  
Lisa A. LaRocco ◽  
Timothy P. Rutter ◽  
Douglas E. Longman
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Performance And Emission

There has been an extensive worldwide search for alternate fuels that fit with the existing infrastructure and would thus displace fossil-based resources. In metabolic engineering work at Argonne National Laboratory, strains of fuel have been designed that can be produced in large quantities by photosynthetic bacteria, eventually producing a heavy alcohol called phytol (C20H40O). Phytol’s physical and chemical properties (cetane number, heat of combustion, heat of vaporization, density, surface tension, vapor pressure, etc.) correspond in magnitude to those of diesel fuel, suggesting that phytol might be a good blending agent in compression ignition (CI) engine applications. The main reason for this study was to investigate the feasibility of using phytol as a blending agent with diesel; this was done by comparing the performance and emission characteristics of different blends of phytol (5%, 10%, 20% by volume) with diesel. The experimental research was performed on a single-cylinder engine under conventional operating conditions. Since phytol’s viscosity is much higher than that of diesel, higher-injection-pressure cases were investigated to ensure the delivery of fuel into the combustion chamber was sufficient. The influence of the fuel’s chemical composition on performance and emission characteristics was captured by doing an injection timing sweep. Combustion characteristics as shown in the cylinder pressure trace were comparable for the diesel and all the blends of phytol at each of the injection timings. The 5% and 10% blends show lower CO and similar NOx values. However, the 20% blend shows higher NOx and CO emissions, indicating that the chemical and physical properties have been altered substantially at this higher percentage. The combustion event was depicted by performing high-speed natural luminosity imaging using endoscopy. This revealed that the higher in-cylinder temperatures for the 20% blend are the cause for its higher NOx emissions. In addition, three-dimensional simulations of transient, turbulent nozzle flow were performed to compare the injection and cavitation characteristics of phytol and its blends. Specifically, area and discharge coefficients and mass flow rates of diesel and phytol blends were compared under corresponding engine operating conditions. The conclusion is that phytol may be a suitable blending agent with diesel fuel for CI applications.

scholarly journals Performance Characteristics of Pine Oil Mixed Diesel Fueled Single Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Ishwar Joshi ◽  
Surya Prasad Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure

 In this study, biodiesel from the stem of Pinus roxburghii was prepared by steam distillation process. Consequently, the physical and thermal properties of pine biodiesel (P100), and 20 % pine-biodiesel and 80 % diesel (P20) were tested on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. The test results confirmed that the thermophysical properties of pine biodiesel and its blend were suitable for the fuel in diesel engine without any modification in the test engine. Eventually, the engine performance and combustion parameters were evaluated for pine-biodiesel blend for 5 % biodiesel and 95 % diesel (P5), 10 % biodiesel and 90 % diesel (P10), 15 % biodiesel and 85 % diesel (P15) and P20, and compared with diesel on Kirloskar Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine for a compression ratio of 15:1. In the midst of those in different blends evaluated, P15 showed the better brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) i.e 18.75 % lower than diesel fuel particularly up to 50 % of the engine load. However, at higher load, decrease rate in BSFC of P15 fuel is lower than engine load up to 50 %. Similarly, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of P15 increases to 13.5% mainly on 50 % loading condition of the engine. At above, increment rate of BTE of pine oil biodiesel compared to diesel decreases. The brake power (BP) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of P15 also found nearer to diesel. However, the BP of P15 found higher compared to diesel in all loading conditions. Thus, from the experimental investigations, P15 blend of pine oil biodiesel was found to be amenable for its use in compression ignition (CI) engine without any modification, as the BTE and SFC were found to better and, BP, indicated power (IP) and BMEP were also found nearer to diesel fuel.

scholarly journals Bio-ketones from lignocellulosic biomass: experimental investigation on fuel properties, combustion and emissions characteristics of cyclopentanone blend with diesel in compression ignition engine

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Omid DOUSTDAR ◽  
Miroslaw WYSZYNSKI ◽  
Athanasios TSOLAKIS ◽  
Hamid MAHMOUDI
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel

Use of alternative fuels in compression ignition engines is the topic for many studies. This paper presents the results of lubricity, calorific value, viscosity, surface tension and density of a ketone blend with diesel to use as a fuel in compression ignition engine. Analyses of fuel properties are vital due to their effect on fuel system. In addition, this study is related to the development of future biofuels and it indicates the effect of oxygen double bond in molecular structure of ketones on important fuel properties. Cyclopentanone which has cyclic molecular structure was used; it can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass through various processing ways. This ketone was blended with diesel fuel at 10% vol. Results from fuel properties tests were compared to the conventional diesel fuel. In the next step this blend was tested in a research diesel engine to analyse its combustion behaviour and emission characteristics of exhaust gases; these results were compared with ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel. Results showed that cyclopentanone, as an additive to diesel, improved surface tension and density of the fuel but in contrast had negative effect on viscosity, lubricity and calorific value of the fuel, but still in the standard range. Combustion behaviour of this fuel in the diesel engine also showed longer ignition delay of ketone blend and also that gaseous emission such as CO and THC are higher than from diesel fuel and NOx emission is less than from conventional diesel fuel combustion.

scholarly journals A Multi-Component Blend as a Diesel Fuel Surrogate for Compression Ignition Engine Applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanjiang Pei ◽  
Marco Mehl ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Tianfeng Lu ◽  
William J. Pitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Combined Mechanism ◽  
Fuel Surrogate ◽  
Skeletal Mechanism

A mixture of n-dodecane and m-xylene is investigated as a diesel fuel surrogate for compression ignition engine applications. Compared to neat n-dodecane, this binary mixture is more representative of diesel fuel because it contains an alkyl-benzene which represents an important chemical class present in diesel fuels. A detailed multi-component mechanism for n-dodecane and m-xylene was developed by combining a previously developed n-dodecane mechanism with a recently developed mechanism for xylenes. The xylene mechanism is shown to reproduce experimental ignition data from a rapid compression machine and shock tube, speciation data from the jet stirred reactor and flame speed data. This combined mechanism was validated by comparing predictions from the model with experimental data for ignition in shock tubes and for reactivity in a flow reactor. The combined mechanism, consisting of 2885 species and 11754 reactions, was reduced to a skeletal mechanism consisting 163 species and 887 reactions for 3D diesel engine simulations. The mechanism reduction was performed using directed relation graph (DRG) with expert knowledge (DRG-X) and DRG-aided sensitivity analysis (DRGASA) at a fixed fuel composition of 77% of n-dodecane and 23% m-xylene by volume. The sample space for the reduction covered pressure of 1–80 bar, equivalence ratio of 0.5–2.0, and initial temperature of 700–1600 K for ignition. The skeletal mechanism was compared with the detailed mechanism for ignition and flow reactor predictions. Finally, the skeletal mechanism was validated against a spray flame dataset under diesel engine conditions documented on the Engine Combustion Network (ECN) website. These multi-dimensional simulations were performed using a Representative Interactive Flame (RIF) turbulent combustion model. Encouraging results were obtained compared to the experiments with regards to the predictions of ignition delay and lift-off length at different ambient temperatures.

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