Design and Preliminary Testing of a Novel Dual-Chambered Syringe

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen May-Newman ◽  
Maria T. Matyska ◽  
Martin N. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Dual Chamber ◽  
Two Fluids ◽  
Small Channel ◽  
Locking Mechanism ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Balance Of Forces

Intravenous catheterization is the most common invasive medical procedure today and is designed to introduce medication directly into the blood stream. Common practice is to administer medicine with one syringe, followed by a saline flush to clear the line of any residual medication. The risk of infection due to the introduction of bacteria in the catheter hub is increased with the number of times the hub is accessed. In addition, the two-step process adds millions of nursing hours per year and is prone to error. The goal of this effort was to design and test a dual-chamber syringe that could be reliably used for both dispensing medicine and the saline flush, and be produced at a low cost. The syringe has a novel dual-chamber design with a proximal chamber for medicine and a distal chamber that contains saline. The saline chamber has a fixed volume when the handle is locked into position, which allows the handle to control the variable volume of the medicine chamber. Between the two chambers is a plunger that surrounds the small channel (which is an extension of the distal chamber) that separates the saline from the medicine. When the distal chamber is unlocked, the handle controls the volume of the saline chamber. By this mechanism, the syringe is able inject the medicine followed by the saline flush with a single access to the catheter hub. The smooth operation of the device relies on a locking mechanism to control the rear plunger and volume of the distal saline chamber, and a bubble plug residing in the small channel between the chambers that prevents mixing of the medicine and saline fluids. The bubble plug is held in place by a balance of forces that depend on geometric variables and fluid properties. The chosen design prevents mixing of the two fluids during the operation of the device, which was experimentally validated with mass spectrometry. The dual-chamber syringe has successfully achieved the design goal of a single syringe for the two-step catheter procedure of dispensing medicine and a saline flush. This novel design will reduce the potential for catheter-based infection, medical errors, medical waste, and clinician time. Preliminary test results indicate that this innovation can significantly improve the safety and efficiency of catheter-based administration of medicine.

scholarly journals Design of Mechanism and Preliminary Field Validation of Low-Cost Transfemoral Rotator for Use in the Developing World

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Cavuto ◽  
Matthew Chun ◽  
Nora Kelsall ◽  
Karl Baranov ◽  
Keriann Durgin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing World ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Validation ◽  
User Testing ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Locking Mechanism ◽  
Medial Rotation ◽  
Transfemoral Amputees ◽  
And Function

Transfemoral (above-knee) amputees face a unique and challenging set of restrictions to movement and function. Most notably, they are unable to medially rotate their lower-leg and subsequently cross their legs. The best and most common solution to this issue today is a transfemoral rotator, which allows medial rotation of the leg distal to the knee through a lockable turntable mechanism. However, currently available transfemoral rotators can cost thousands of dollars, and few equivalent technologies exist in the developing world. This paper, supported by the results of field studies and user testing, establishes a framework for the design of a low-cost and easily manufacturable transfemoral rotator for use in the developing world. Two prototypes are presented, each with a unique internal locking mechanism and form. A preliminary field study was conducted on six transfemoral amputees in India and qualitative user and prosthetist feedback was collected. Both prototypes successfully allowed all subjects to complete tasks such as crossing legs, putting on pants, and tying shoes while maintaining functionality of walking and standing. Future iterations of the mechanism will be guided by a combination of the most positively received features of the prototypes and general feedback suggestions from the users.

scholarly journals Use of Seton in Management of High Variety of Anal Fistula

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Mohammad Noor A Alam ◽  
Sharmin Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Anal Fistula ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dentate Line ◽  
Internal Opening ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Small Channel ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Low Rate

Background: Anal fistula is an abnormal communicative small channel that has an internal opening and an external opening and connected by the primary track. Our study evaluate the effectiveness of seton in high variety anal fistula.Objectives: Evaluation the efficacy and safety of seton as surgical management of high anal fistula. Methods: This is a prospective study done on 57 patients in BIRDEM hospital and some other clinic of Dhaka city in 3 years period with high variety of anal fistula which is above the dentate line and were treated with seton .Outcome measured during follow up period were- successfully healed, recurrence, incontinence, percentage of complications and patients satisfaction.Result: Among 57 patients mean age was 38.2+_6.8 years. Overall outcome of the patients showed-fistula completely healed in 51 patients, incontinence occurred in 2 patients and recurrence occurred in 4 patients.Conclusion: Seton is relatively safe, effective and low cost for the management of high anal fistula with low rate of incontinence. It can therefore, be recommended as the standard of treatment for high variety fistula in ano.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 8, No. 2: Jul 2017, P 100-104

scholarly journals Fluid Choice Based on Thermal Model and Performance Testing for Direct Cooled Electric Drive

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5867
Author(s):  
Robert Lehmann ◽  
Arthur Petuchow ◽  
Matthias Moullion ◽  
Moritz Künzler ◽  
Christian Windel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Cooling Fluid ◽  
Two Fluids ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Electric Traction

In this publication, the cooling fluid for direct oil-cooled electric traction drive is investigated. A dedicated thermal resistance model was developed in order to show the influence of the fluid properties on the continuous performance. For this purpose, the heat transfer parameters are adjusted in the simulation using an exponential approach in order to evaluate the cooling fluid. In a sensitivity study, density, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and viscosity are investigated. Because viscosity, within the range investigated, shows the largest percentage deviation from the reference fluid, the greatest effect on performance can be seen here. In order to check the plausibility of the calculated results of the thermal simulation, two fluids were chosen for performance testing on a dedicated electro motor cooling (EMC) test. Beyond the investigation of heat transfer, aging of the defined fluid at maximum heat input over several hours is also evaluated. Only slight changes of the fluid properties are detected. This publication presents a thermal model for direct oil-cooled drive trains, which consider fluid properties. Furthermore, the model was tested for plausibility on real hardware.

Active High-Throughput Micromixer Using Injected Magnetic Mixture Underneath Microfluidic Channel

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athira N. Surendran ◽  
Ran Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Soft Lithography ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Small Channel ◽  
Parametric Studies ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Planar Location ◽  
Sample Dilution

Abstract Microfluidics has a lot of applications in fields ranging from pharmaceutical to energy, and one of the major applications is micromixers. A challenge faced by most micromixers is the difficulty in mixing within micro-size fluidic channels because of the domination of laminar flow in a small channel. Hence, magnetic field generated by permanent magnets and electromagnets have been widely used to mix ferrofluids with other sample fluids on a micro level. However, permanent magnets are bulky, and electromagnets produce harmful heat to biological samples; both properties are detrimental to a microfluidic chip’s performance. Taking these into consideration, this study proposes rapid mixing of ferrofluid using a two-layer microfluidic device with microfabricated magnet. Two microfluidic chips that consist of microchannels and micromagnets respectively are fabricated using a simple and low-cost soft lithography method. The custom-designed microscale magnet consists of an array of stripes and is bonded below the plane of the microchannel. The combination of the planar location and angle of the array of magnets allow the migration of ferrofluids, hence mixing it with buffer flow. Parametric studies are performed to ensure comprehensive understanding, including the angle of micro-scale magnets with respect to the fluidic channels, total flow rate and density of the array of magnets. The result from this study can be applied in chemical synthesis and pre-processing, sample dilution, or inducing reactions between samples and reagent.

A Theoretic Study on Cam-Clamping Device

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 1536-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Chao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Simple Structure ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Self ◽  
Clamping Force ◽  
Locking Mechanism ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cam Profile ◽  
Clamping Device ◽  
Selection Of

A theoretical study has been made on the cam-clamping device. In this article, we consider specifically the calculations of cam geometry, calculations of clamping force and clamping torque, conditions for self-locking, and conditions for contact strength. Machine fixtures are essential in the process of mechanical manufacturing. There are many different types of fixtures, such as manual jig, pneumatic clamps, hydraulic fixtures, electric fixtures, etc. There are also many ways of clamping, such as incline clamp, screw clamp, eccentric circle clamp, hinge clamp [1], among which the eccentric circle clamp finds wide applications, especially in fast-clamping devices. Although the circular eccentric fixture possesses the advantages of simple structure, convenient manufacturing, and low cost, it suffers the drawbacks of small clamping force, short clamping-surface travel distance, and unreliable self-locking mechanism. The cam-clamping device discussesed in this article involves replaceing the eccentric circle with a cam, as shown in Fig. 1. The cam profile curve can be designed according to any requirements. The advantages of this replacement are obvious, in addition to preserving the advantages of the circular eccentric fixture, the cam-clamping can be designed according to the actual needs of clamping paths and selection of the appropriate cam profile to improve the self-locking.

scholarly journals Application of Polysaccharide Biopolymer in Petroleum Recovery

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1860
Author(s):  
Shunxiang Xia ◽  
Laibao Zhang ◽  
Artur Davletshin ◽  
Zhuoran Li ◽  
Jiahui You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Process Research ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Fluid Properties

Polysaccharide biopolymers are biomacromolecules derived from renewable resources with versatile functions including thickening, crosslinking, adsorption, etc. Possessing high efficiency and low cost, they have brought wide applications in all phases of petroleum recovery, from well drilling to wastewater treatment. The biopolymers are generally utilized as additives of fluids or plugging agents, to correct the fluid properties that affect the performance and cost of petroleum recovery. This review focuses on both the characteristics of biopolymers and their utilization in the petroleum recovery process. Research on the synthesis and characterization of polymers, as well as controlling their structures through modification, aims to develop novel recipes of biopolymer treatment with new application realms. The influences of biopolymer in many petroleum recovery cases were also evaluated to permit establishing the correlations between their physicochemical properties and performances. As their performance is heavily affected by the local environment, screening and testing polymers under controlled conditions is the necessary step to guarantee the efficiency and safety of biopolymer treatments.

The Effects of Fluid Properties on Cavitation in Centrifugal Pumps

1965 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Spraker
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Hydrocarbon Mixtures ◽  
Volume Percentage ◽  
Cavitation Process ◽  
Pure Fluids ◽  
Two Fluids ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
The Difference

An analytical model of the cavitation process in a pump is developed assuming that the flow is adiabatic, frictionless, steady, and irrotational. A relationship is developed relating the volume percentage of the fluid vaporized during the cavitation process to the “thermal cavitation parameter.” Two assumptions are then introduced concerning the cavitation process in a pump pumping fluids of different cavitation characteristics. Using these assumptions, a relationship is derived indicating that the difference in net positive suction head (NPSH) of a given pump handling two fluids is a function of the difference of the reciprocals of the thermal cavitation parameter for the two fluids and of the volume percentage of the fluid vaporized. This relationship is compared with data describing the cavitation characteristics of six pumps handling four pure fluids. The change in NPSH for all of the pumps and fluids, using the cold-water NPSH as a reference, is found to correlate as a function of the reciprocal of the thermal cavitation parameter with an accuracy of ±1 ft in NPSH. Experimental and analytical methods for determining the cavitation characteristics of pumps handling petroleum-based hydrocarbon mixtures are then described. Cavitation data for two pumps handling gasoline, fuel oil, and crude oil are presented. The data correlation for pure fluids is extended to include cavitation data for petroleum-based hydrocarbon mixtures. It is found that mixtures exhibit an additional decrement in NPSH over that for pure fluids having the same value of the thermal cavitation parameter. This additional decrement is found to be temperature dependent.

scholarly journals Design of a Low-Cost Thermoacoustic Electricity Generator and Its Experimental Verification

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhibin Yu ◽  
Artur J. Jaworski ◽  
Scott Backhaus
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Verification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Acoustic Power ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Thermoacoustic Engine ◽  
Design And Testing ◽  
Different Parts

This paper describes the design and testing of a low cost thermoacoustic generator. A travelling-wave thermoacoustic engine with a configuration of a looped-tube resonator is designed and constructed to convert heat to acoustic power. A commercially available, low-cost loudspeaker is adopted as the alternator to convert the engine’s acoustic power to electricity. The whole system is designed using linear thermoacoustic theory. The optimization of different parts of the thermoacoustic generator, as well as the matching between the thermoacoustic engine and the alternator are discussed in detail. A detailed comparison between the preliminary test results and linear thermoacoustic predictions is provided.

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