Canyoneering Fluid Mechanics

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Earls Brennen
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Extreme Sports ◽  
Plunge Pool ◽  
Primary Fluid ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Falling

Extreme sports such as canyoneering have expanded greatly since the turn of the century yet little scientific attention has been paid to the analyses of the dangers of those activities. The author was much involved in promoting one such sport, namely canyoneering, and presents this paper as an example of the kind of fluids engineering analyses that are needed in order to objectively quantify those dangers and properly advise the participants. In canyoneering, the primary fluid-related sources of danger are the impact of falling water on the human body and the dangers a swimmer faces in a plunge pool. This paper presents rough evaluations of both dangers.

Focus on Thermokarst Lakes in Indian Himalaya: Inception and Implication under Warming Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Pratima Pandey ◽  
S. Nawaz Ali ◽  
Vikram Sharma ◽  
Prashant K. Champati Ray
Keyword(s):  
Western Himalaya ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Thermokarst Lakes ◽  
Glacial Environments ◽  
Global Warming Scenario ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Topographic Depressions ◽  
Permafrost Thawing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thaw Lakes

Thermokarst (Thaw) lakes are landforms found in topographic depressions created by thawing ground ice in permafrost zones. They play an important role in the regulation of climatic functions. These lakes are a manifestation of warming surface temperatures that accelerates the ice-rich permafrost to degrade by creating marshy hollows/ponds. In the current global warming scenario, the thermokarst lakes in the high mountain regions (Himalaya) are expected to grow further. This accelerate permafrost thawing which will affect the carbon cycle, hydrology and local ecosystems. This phenomenon has attracted huge scientific attention because it has led to a rapid mass change of glaciers in the region, including extensive changes occurring on peri-glacial environments. The most striking fact is the release of an enormous amount of greenhouse gases, including methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide that is locked in these lakes. The present study delves into the thermokarst lakes in the upper reaches of Chandra Valley and Western Himalaya. The study also aims at designating the impact of their changes on the ecosystem, particularly their influence on the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.

Transport and Chronic Injuries Caused by Improper Use of Cell Phones：Evidences from 41 Studies (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxi Cao ◽  
Yangyang Cheng ◽  
Chenjie Xu ◽  
Yabing Hou ◽  
Hongxi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Cell Phone Use ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Chronic Injuries ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Cell phone use brought convenience to people, but using phones for a long period of time or in the wrong way and with a wrong posture might cause damage to the human body. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of improper cell phone use on transport and chronic injuries. METHODS Studies were systematically searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science up to April 4, 2019 and relevant reviews were searched to identify additional studies. A random-effects model was used to estimate the overall pooled estimates. RESULTS Cell phone users were at a higher risk for transport injuries (RR: 1.37, 95%CI: 1.221.55), long-term use of cell phones increased the transport injury risk to non-use or short-term use (RR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.632.70). Neoplasm risk caused by cell phone use was 1.07 times that of non-use (95% CI: 1.011.14); Compared with non-use, cell phone use had a higher risk of eye disease, with a risk of 2.03 (95% CI: 1.273.23), the risk of mental disease was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.171.35), the risk of neurological disorder was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.021.32), and a pooled risk of other chronic injuries was 1.20 (95% CI: 0.981.59). CONCLUSIONS Cell phone use at inappropriate situations has a negative impact on the human body. Therefore, it is necessary to use cell phones correctly and reasonably.

THE USE OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION IN GOVERNMENTAL REGULATION AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: THE IMPACT OF JOHN R. COMMONS AND EARLY INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMISTS

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Covaleski ◽  
Mark W. Dirsmith ◽  
Sajay Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Progressive Era ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Governmental Regulation ◽  
Calculative Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Return Regulation ◽  
Intrinsic Measure

This paper examines the socio-political process by which an ensemble of such calculative practices and techniques as accounting came to be developed, adopted, and justified within turn-of-the-century public administration. We are particularly concerned with examining the influence of John R. Commons and other early institutional economists during this Progressive era. Using primary and secondary archival materials, our purpose is to make three main contributions to the literature. First, the paper explores Commons' contribution to the debates over “value” which seems to be somewhat unique in that he explicitly recognized that there exists no unproblematic, intrinsic measure of value, but rather that it must be socially constituted as “reasonable” with reference to common law. To illustrate this point, this paper explores Commons' role in the historical development and implementation of rate of return regulation for utilities. Second, the paper describes the contradictory role accounting played during this period in ostensibly fostering administrative objectivity while accommodating a more pragmatic rhetoric of “realpolitik” in its development and deployment. The third contribution is to establish a linkage between current work in economics and accounting concerned with utility regulation and the debates of ninety years ago, noting that Commons' contribution has not been fully explored or recognized within the accounting literature.

scholarly journals The Impact of Tick-Borne Diseases on the Bone

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Imran Farooq ◽  
Tara J. Moriarty
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Bone Marrow Function ◽  
The Impact

Tick-borne infectious diseases can affect many tissues and organs including bone, one of the most multifunctional structures in the human body. There is a scarcity of data regarding the impact of tick-borne pathogens on bone. The aim of this review was to survey existing research literature on this topic. The search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. From our search, we were able to find evidence of eight tick-borne diseases (Anaplasmosis, Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis, Lyme disease, Bourbon virus disease, Colorado tick fever disease, Tick-borne encephalitis, and Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever) affecting the bone. Pathological bone effects most commonly associated with tick-borne infections were disruption of bone marrow function and bone loss. Most research to date on the effects of tick-borne pathogen infections on bone has been quite preliminary. Further investigation of this topic is warranted.

scholarly journals A dynamic increase in the impact of noise on the human body, in particular, on cardiovascular diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 1029 ◽  
pp. 012110
Author(s):  
M Lekhman ◽  
M Shubitidze ◽  
A Litvinov ◽  
I Zanina ◽  
O Pashkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Impact

Research and Improvement of the Keep-Right-Except-to-Pass Rule

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 459-463
Author(s):  
He Quan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Light Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Light Passing ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
The Impact

In order to deal with the impact on traffic flow of the rule, we compare the influence factors of traffic flow (passing, etc.) into viscous resistance of fluid mechanics, and establish a traffic model based on fluid mechanics. First, in heavy and light traffic, we respectively use this model to simulate the actual segment of the road and find that when the traffic is heavy, the rule hinder the further increase in traffic. For this reason, we make further improvements to the model to obtain a fluid traffic model based on no passing and find that the improved model makes traffic flow increase significantly. Then, the improved model is applied to the light traffic, we find there are no significant changes in traffic flow .In this regard we propose a new rule: when the traffic is light, passing is allowed, but when the traffic is heavy, passing is not allowed.

Why Paul Nathan Attacked Albert Ballin: The Transatlantic Mass Migration and the Privatization of Prussia's Eastern Border Inspection, 1886–1914

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Brinkmann
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Global Markets ◽  
Director General ◽  
Business Leader ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
The Impact

Albert Ballin was one of Imperial Germany's most successful business leaders. He early recognized the impact and possibilities of the expansion and integration of global markets. Within little more than a decade after he had joined the management of the Hamburg-Amerikanische-Paketfahrt-Aktien-Gesellschaft (HAPAG) in 1886, he turned an already significant enterprise into the world's largest steamship line. As a leading manager and later as HAPAG director general, Ballin was a major force behind Hamburg's rise to Imperial Germany's second largest city. Due in no small part to HAPAG's spectacular growth, Hamburg emerged as a key global port for passengers and freight by the turn of the century. But Ballin was not just a gifted business leader in a highly innovative economic sector; he also had access to some of the highest figures in Berlin. Ballin repeatedly met with the Kaiser and government members, and he used his long-standing contacts in England on several diplomatic missions to ease rising tensions between the two powers, albeit without lasting success.

Analysis of electromagnetic absorption in new design of PIFA antenna using metamaterials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Ben Hamadi ◽  
said ghnimi ◽  
Lassaad Latrach ◽  
Philippe Benech ◽  
Ali Gharsallah
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Wireless Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Dual Band Antenna ◽  
Cubic Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pifa Antenna

Abstract This paper presents the design, simulation and fabrication of a miniaturized wearable dual-band antenna on a semi-flex substrate; she is operable at 2.45/5.8 GHz for wireless local area network applications. The electrical and radiation characteristics of this proposed antenna were obtained by means of a technical of insertion of a slot to tune the operating frequencies. To study the impact of the electromagnetic radiation of the structure of the human body, it is necessary to minimize the back radiation towards the user. Therefore, in this work, a multi-band artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) was placed directly above a dual-band planar inverted F antenna to achieve a miniaturization with excellent radiation performance. The simulation results were designed and simulated using Studio commercial software (CST). A good agreement was achieved between the results of simulation and the experimental. The Comparison of measurement results indicates that the gain improved from 1,84 dB to 3,8 dB, in the lower band, and from 2,4 dB to 4,1 in the upper band, when the antenna is backed by the AMC plane. The front-to-back ratio of the AMC backed PIFA antenna was also enhanced. Then, to ensure that the proposed AMC is harmless to the human body, this prototype was placed on three-layer human tissue cubic model. It was observed that the through inclusion of plane AMC, the peak specific absorption rate (SAR) decreased to 1,45 and 1,1 W/kg at 2,45 and 5.8 GHz, respectively (a reduction of around 3,7 W/kg, compared with an antenna without (AMC).

Empirical Literature on Economic Growth, 1991–2020: Uncovering Extant Gaps and Avenues for Future Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 097491012110616
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Doré ◽  
Aurora A. C. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

The factors required to achieve sustainable economic growth in a country are debated for decades, and empirical research in this regard continues to grow. Given the relevance of the topic and the absence of a comprehensive, systematic literature review, we used bibliometric techniques to examine and document several aspects in the empirical literature related to growth, from 1991 to 2020. Five main results are worth highlighting: (a) the share of empirical articles on economic growth show a clear upward trend; (b) among all the groups of countries considered, the emerging economies (EEs) have received the most scientific attention; (c) the economic growth processes of the Latin American and Caribbean EEs have observed negligible scientific attention; (d) the very long-run studies comprise a residual share among the empirical literature on growth; (e) the extant empirical studies on economic growth have addressed mainly the impact of “macroeconomic conditions.” Our findings suggest there is a need to redirect the empirical growth agenda, so as to encourage more scientific attention devoted to the analysis of key determinants of economic growth in the very long run. There should also be increased scrutiny of the processes of economic growth in Latin American and Caribbean EEs

scholarly journals Analysis of thiram derivatives use in plant complex of the Kursk region

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Korolev ◽  
Olga A. Medvedeva ◽  
Vera A. Ryadnova ◽  
Sergey A. Losenok ◽  
Ekaterina S. Nikitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kursk Region

The impact on the biosphere of anthropogenic factors is a serious environmental problem. Today, pesticides are becoming one of the important chemical factors that cause adverse environmental changes. Pesticides enter the human body through a contaminated hydrosphere, atmosphere, and food. Modern man is not able to grow and maintain crops without the use of pesticides. Penetrating into the human body, they cumulate, thereby contributing to the creation of threatening health situations. Despite this, modern human civilization cannot do without them. The purpose of the review was to study the circulation volume of derivatives of thiram, such as vitalon, vitavaks, vitasil, vitaros, tir and TMTD (Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide) in the agricultural complex of the Kursk region for the period 2007-2016. The data obtained at the Kursk Regional Plant Protection Station, as well as agrochemical protection station Kurskaya, were subjected to statistical analysis using the application Statistica 6.0. Circulating volumes of thiram's derivatives were examined in agro-industrial complex of Kursk area over a 10-year period. The proportion of fungicides of thiram's series with the release of agrochemicals dominant in the structure of seed crops cultivation technologies was investigated. A study of the structure of sown areas with the allocation of priority crops grown in the region was conducted, the total number of which amounted 80.76%. The ranking of the region by thirams derivatives was made. All studied fungicidal products of thiram are widely used for the cultivation of crops in the Kursk region. Identified regions with the biggest amount of making this group of agrochemicals in the soil are treated as high anthropogenic load zone and require the development of environmental protection. The volume of circulation of the studying group of pesticides can be dangerous to humans and animals, influence the formation of peoples somatic pathologies.

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