Simultaneous Consideration of Unit Manufacturing Processes and Supply Chain Activities for Reduction of Product Environmental and Social Impacts

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed J. Alsaffar ◽  
Kamyar Raoufi ◽  
Kyoung-Yun Kim ◽  
Gül E. Okudan Kremer ◽  
Karl R. Haapala
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Air Freight

Interest in assessing the sustainability performance of manufacturing processes and systems during product design is increasing. Prior work has investigated approaches for quantifying and reducing impacts across the product life cycle. Energy consumption and carbon footprint are frequently adopted and investigated environmental performance metrics. However, challenges persist in concurrent consideration of environmental, economic, and social impacts resulting from manufacturing processes and supply chain networks. Companies are striving to manage their manufacturing networks to improve environmental and social performance, in addition to economic performance. In particular, social responsibility has gained visibility as a conduit to competitive advantage. Thus, a framework is presented for improving environmental and social performance through simultaneous consideration of manufacturing processes and supply chain activities. The framework builds upon the unit manufacturing process modeling method and is demonstrated for production of bicycle pedal components. For the case examined, it is found that unit manufacturing processes account for 63–97% of supply chain carbon footprint when air freight transport is not used. When air freight transport is used for heavier components, transportation-related energy consumption accounts for 78–90% of supply chain carbon footprint. Similarly, from a social responsibility perspective, transportation-related activities account for 73–99% of supply chain injuries/illnesses, and days away from work when air freight transport is used. Manufacturing activities dominate the impacts on worker health when air freight transport is not used, leading to 59–99% of supply chain injuries/illnesses, and days away from work. These results reiterate that simultaneous consideration of environmental and social impacts of manufacturing and supply chain activities is needed to inform decision making in sustainable product manufacturing.

A Process-Based Approach for Cradle-to-Gate Energy and Carbon Footprint Reduction in Product Design

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed J. Alsaffar ◽  
Karl R. Haapala ◽  
Kyoung-Yun Kim ◽  
Gül E. Okudan Kremer
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Product Life ◽  
Carbon Footprint Reduction

Interest in accounting for environmental impacts of products, processes, and systems during the design phase is increasing. Numerous studies have undertaken investigations for reducing environmental impacts across the product life cycle. Efforts have also been launched to quantify such impacts more accurately. Energy consumption and carbon footprint are among the most frequently adopted and investigated environmental performance metrics. The purpose of this paper is to serve two objectives — first, it provides a review of recent developments for carbon footprint reduction in manufacturing processes and supply chain operations. Second, a future vision is shared toward developing a method for reducing carbon footprint through simultaneous consideration of manufacturing processes and supply chain activities. The approach is demonstrated by developing analytical models for alternative manufacturing processes and supply chain networks associated in the manufacture of a bicycle pedal plate to realize its potential in assessing energy and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions. The sustainable design and manufacturing research community should benefit from the review presented. In addition, a point of departure for concurrent consideration of multiple stages of the product life cycle for environmental performance is established for the research community to move current efforts forward in pursuit of environmental, economic, and social sustainability.

A Modular Design Approach to Improve Product Life Cycle Performance Based on the Optimization of a Closed-Loop Supply Chain

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu-Hsun Chung ◽  
Gül E. Okudan Kremer ◽  
Richard A. Wysk
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Modular Structure ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Closed Loop Supply Chain

As environmental concerns have grown in recent years, the interest in product design for the life cycle (DFLC) has exhibited a parallel surge. Modular design has the potential to bring life cycle considerations into the product architecture decision-making process, yet most current modular design methods lack the capability for assessing module life cycle consequences in a supply chain. This paper proposes a method for product designers, called the architecture and supply chain evaluation method (ASCEM), to find a product modular architecture with both low life cycle costs and low energy consumption at the early design stages. ASCEM expands the assessment scope from the product's architecture to its supply chain network. This work analyzes the life cycle costs (LCCs) and energy consumption (LCEC) of two products designated within the European Union's directive on waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) within a closed-loop supply chain to identify the most beneficial modular structure. In addition, data on 27 theoretical cases representing various products are analyzed to show the broader applicability of the proposed methodology. Our analysis shows that ASCEM can efficiently identify a good-quality modular structure having low LCC and LCEC in a closed-loop supply chain for both the two tested products and the hypothetical cases.

Classification of Operational and Financial Variables Affecting the Bullwhip Effect in Indian Sectors: A Machine Learning Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Gupta ◽  
Anurag Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Product Life Cycle ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Bullwhip Effect ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Financial Variables

Background: The increased variability in production or procurement with respect to less increase of variability in demand or sales is considered as bullwhip effect. Bullwhip effect is considered as an encumbrance in optimization of supply chain as it causes inadequacy in the supply chain. Various operations and supply chain management consultants, managers and researchers are doing a rigorous study to find the causes behind the dynamic nature of the supply chain management and have listed shorter product life cycle, change in technology, change in consumer preference and era of globalization, to name a few. Most of the literature that explored bullwhip effect is found to be based on simulations and mathematical models. Exploring bullwhip effect using machine learning is the novel approach of the present study. Methods: Present study explores the operational and financial variables affecting the bullwhip effect on the basis of secondary data. Data mining and machine learning techniques are used to explore the variables affecting bullwhip effect in Indian sectors. Rapid Miner tool has been used for data mining and 10-fold cross validation has been performed. Weka Alternating Decision Tree (w-ADT) has been built for decision makers to mitigate bullwhip effect after the classification. Results: Out of the 19 selected variables affecting bullwhip effect 7 variables have been selected which have highest accuracy level with minimum deviation. Conclusion: Classification technique using machine learning provides an effective tool and techniques to explore bullwhip effect in supply chain management.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Bike-Share and Bus Systems in Campus Transit

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Sishen Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Pengyu Xie ◽  
Xiaodan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Bus System ◽  
Bike Share

Low-carbon transport system is desired for sustainable cities. The study aims to compare carbon footprint of two transportation modes in campus transit, bus and bike-share systems, using life-cycle assessment (LCA). A case study was conducted for the four-campus (College Ave, Cook/Douglass, Busch, Livingston) transit system at Rutgers University (New Brunswick, NJ). The life-cycle of two systems were disaggregated into four stages, namely, raw material acquisition and manufacture, transportation, operation and maintenance, and end-of-life. Three uncertain factors—fossil fuel type, number of bikes provided, and bus ridership—were set as variables for sensitivity analysis. Normalization method was used in two impact categories to analyze and compare environmental impacts. The results show that the majority of CO2 emission and energy consumption comes from the raw material stage (extraction and upstream production) of the bike-share system and the operation stage of the campus bus system. The CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system are 46 and 13 times of that of the proposed bike-share system, respectively. Three uncertain factors can influence the results: (1) biodiesel can significantly reduce CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system; (2) the increased number of bikes increases CO2 emission of the bike-share system; (3) the increase of bus ridership may result in similar impact between two systems. Finally, an alternative hybrid transit system is proposed that uses campus buses to connect four campuses and creates a bike-share system to satisfy travel demands within each campus. The hybrid system reaches the most environmentally friendly state when 70% passenger-miles provided by campus bus and 30% by bike-share system. Further research is needed to consider the uncertainty of biking behavior and travel choice in LCA. Applicable recommendations include increasing ridership of campus buses and building a bike-share in campus to support the current campus bus system. Other strategies such as increasing parking fees and improving biking environment can also be implemented to reduce automobile usage and encourage biking behavior.

The Effects of Megaproject Social Responsibility on Participating Organizations

2021 ◽  
pp. 875697282110158
Author(s):  
Hanyang Ma ◽  
Daxin Sun ◽  
Saixing Zeng ◽  
Han Lin ◽  
Jonathan J. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Impact

This study focuses on the effects of megaproject social responsibility (MSR) on participating organizations’ performance. Using a survey of the participating organizations in Chinese megaprojects, this study reveals that the impact of MSR on a participant’s performance goes beyond the scope of the current megaproject. The empirical results indicate that MSR positively affects both financial and social performance of the participating organizations. The interactions of primary stakeholders weaken the positive effects of MSR on both financial and social performance, whereas the interactions of secondary stakeholders strengthen the positive effects of MSR on social performance.

Energy Consumption in Discrete Part Production

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi K. Kalla ◽  
Samantha Corcoran ◽  
Janet Twomey ◽  
Michael Overcash
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Energy Data ◽  
Important Improvement ◽  
Drilling Unit ◽  
Cradle To Gate ◽  
Discrete Part ◽  
Manufacturing Machine

It is widely recognized that industrial production inevitably results in an environmental impact. Energy consumption during production is responsible for a part of this impact, but is often not provided in cradle-to-gate life cycles. Transparent description of the transformation of materials, parts, and chemicals into products is described herein as a means to improve the environmental profile of products and manufacturing machine. This paper focuses on manufacturing energy and chemicals/materials required at the machine level and provides a methodology to quantify the energy consumed and mass loss for simple products in a manufacturing setting. That energy data are then used to validate the new approach proposed by (Overcash et.al, 2009a, and 2009b) for drilling unit processes. The approach uses manufacturing unit processes as the basis for evaluating environmental impacts at the manufacturing phase of a product’s life cycle. Examining manufacturing processes at the machine level creates an important improvement in transparency which aids review and improvement analyses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document