Specimen Thickness Dependency of Energy Release Rate of a Gelatin Hydrogel and Glass Substrate Interface

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash A. Thakre ◽  
Arun K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release Rate ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Interfacial Properties ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Soft Solids ◽  
Gelatin Hydrogel ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Test Slide

Soft solids, such as rubbers, elastomers, and gels, are the important polymeric materials. A better understanding of their interfacial properties such as friction and adhesion is critical for variety of technological applications. Motivated by the experimental observation that interfacial properties can be modified even without changing the content of a soft solid, the effect of specimen thickness on the energy release rate (G) of a soft gelatin hydrogel is investigated in direct shear test. Slide-hold-slide (SHS) experiments have shown that shear strength decreases, while corresponding crack length increases, with increase in thickness of gel specimens. However, G at static, dynamic and residual strengths increase with specimen thickness. At the end, these observations are explained in light of mixed mode I/II fracture and shear rate effects at the sliding interface.

The energy release rate of a pressurized crack in soft elastic materials: effects of surface tension and large deformation

Soft Matter ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (39) ◽  
pp. 7723-7729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianshu Liu ◽  
Rong Long ◽  
Chung-Yuen Hui
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Energy Release Rate ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Large Deformation ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Elastic Materials ◽  
Soft Solids

In this paper we present a theoretical study on how surface tension affects fracture of soft solids.

scholarly journals A New Design of Recycled Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber Modified Epoxy Based Composites Reinforced with Alumina Fiber: Fracture Behavior and Damage Analyses

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaeddin Burak Irez ◽  
Georges Zambelis ◽  
Emin Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release Rate ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽  
Toughening Mechanisms ◽  
Ethylene Propylene

This study proposes a new design of lightweight and cost-efficient composite materials for the automotive industry using recycled fresh scrap rubbers (EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) rubbers), epoxy resin and alumina (Al2O3) fibers (AF). Three-point bending tests were conducted to investigate fundamental mechanical characteristics and then experimentally obtained moduli were compared with a modified Halpin–Tsai model. In addition, tests were carried out to study the fracture characteristics of the composites. Then, a practical numerical study was carried out to observe the evolution of the strain energy release rate along the crack front. Mechanical test results showed that the reinforcement with AF improved the fracture toughness of these novel composites for low rubber contents. Besides, increasing recycled EPDM rubber content degraded the mechanical resistance and strain at break of the composites. Moreover, numerical studies indicated that energy release rate showed some variations along the specimen thickness. Toughening mechanisms were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) fractography. Typical toughening mechanisms observed were fiber bridging and shear yielding. By considering the advantageous effects of AF on the novel composites and cost efficiency under favor of recycled rubbers, these composites are promising candidates to manufacture the various components in automotive industry.

Calculating Energy Release Rate as a Function of Crack Length Using a Multiple-Step Crack Closure Technique in Tire Finite Element Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-152
Author(s):  
Dennis S. Kelliher
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Release Rate ◽  
Crack Length ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Crack Closure ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Quantitative Prediction ◽  
Closure Technique

ABSTRACT When performing predictive durability analyses on tires using finite element methods, it is generally recognized that energy release rate (ERR) is the best measure by which to characterize the fatigue behavior of rubber. By addressing actual cracks in a simulation geometry, ERR provides a more appropriate durability criterion than the strain energy density (SED) of geometries without cracks. If determined as a function of crack length and loading history, and augmented with material crack growth properties, ERR allows for a quantitative prediction of fatigue life. Complications arise, however, from extra steps required to implement the calculation of ERR within the analysis process. This article presents an overview and some details of a method to perform such analyses. The method involves a preprocessing step that automates the creation of a ribbon crack within an axisymmetric-geometry finite element model at a predetermined location. After inflating and expanding to three dimensions to fully load the tire against a surface, full ribbon sections of the crack are then incrementally closed through multiple solution steps, finally achieving complete closure. A postprocessing step is developed to determine ERR as a function of crack length from this enforced crack closure technique. This includes an innovative approach to calculating ERR as the crack length approaches zero.

scholarly journals Effect of the Characteristic Size and Content of Graphene on the Crack Propagation Path of Alumina/Graphene Composite Ceramics

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Benshuai Chen ◽  
Guangchun Xiao ◽  
Mingdong Yi ◽  
Jingjie Zhang ◽  
Tingting Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Energy Release Rate ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Volume Content ◽  
Phase Interface ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Characteristic Size ◽  
Composite Ceramics ◽  
Graphene Composite

In this paper, the Voronoimosaic model and the cohesive element method were used to simulate crack propagation in the microstructure of alumina/graphene composite ceramic tool materials. The effects of graphene characteristic size and volume content on the crack propagation behavior of microstructure model of alumina/graphene composite ceramics under different interfacial bonding strength were studied. When the phase interface is weak, the average energy release rate is the highest as the short diameter of graphene is 10–50 nm and the long diameter is 1600–2000 nm. When the phase interface is strong, the average energy release rate is the highest as the short diameter of graphene is 50–100 nm and the long diameter is 800–1200 nm. When the volume content of graphene is 0.50 vol.%, the average energy release rate reaches the maximum. When the velocity load is 0.005 m s−1, the simulation result is convergent. It is proven that the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental phenomena.

Modified Edge Lift-Off Test: Experimental Modifications for Multifilm Systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Hay ◽  
E. G. Liniger ◽  
X-H Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release Rate ◽  
Energy Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Plate Bending ◽  
Adhesion Test ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Rate Calculation ◽  
Lift Off ◽  
Microelectronics Fabrication

AbstractIn developing an adhesion test for a microelectronics fabrication facility there are many criteria which must be met. Some of these include (i) sample prep must be simple, (ii) deformations should be elastic so the problem can be easily modeled, (iii) mechanics are ideally analytical, and (iv) the test end-point must be unambiguous and easy to obtain. A testing method in the literature which meets many of these criteria is the modified edge liftoff test (MELT). Delamination is induced through the release of strain energy stored in an elastic superlayer which results from a large mismatch in CTE between the film and substrate. In this work we consider details of the energy release rate calculation, effects of plate bending, and initial flaw size.

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