scholarly journals Model First and Ask Questions Later: Confessions of a Reformed Experimentalist

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarct ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Cell Tissue ◽  
Infarct Healing ◽  
Experimental Biomechanics ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Cartilage Biomechanics ◽  
American Society ◽  
Design Experiments

This paper is an invited perspective written in association with the awarding of the 2018 American Society of Mechanical Engineers Van C. Mow Medal. Inspired by Professor Mow's collaboration with Professor Michael Lai and the role mathematical modeling played in their work on cartilage biomechanics, this article uses our group's work on myocardial infarct healing as an example of the potential value of models in modern experimental biomechanics. Focusing more on the thought process and lessons learned from our studies on infarct mechanics than on the details of the science, this article argues that the complexity of current research questions and the wealth of information already available about almost any cell, tissue, or organ should change how we approach problems and design experiments. In particular, this paper proposes that constructing a mathematical or computational model is now in many cases a critical prerequisite to designing scientifically useful, informative experiments.

Modulation of Inflammatory Response Improves Myocardial Infarct Healing in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1980-1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Sarapultsev ◽  
O.N. Chupakhin ◽  
P.A. Sarapultsev ◽  
M.A. Rantsev ◽  
S.U. Medvedeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Myocardial Infarct ◽  
Infarct Healing

scholarly journals The interplay between environmental exposures and COVID-19 risks in the health of children

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Sly ◽  
Brittany A. Trottier ◽  
Catherine M. Bulka ◽  
Stephania A. Cormier ◽  
Julius Fobil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background An unusual feature of SARS-Cov-2 infection and the COVID-19 pandemic is that children are less severely affected than adults. This is especially paradoxical given the epidemiological links between poor air quality and increased COVID-19 severity in adults and that children are generally more vulnerable than adults to the adverse consequences of air pollution. Objectives To identify gaps in knowledge about the factors that protect children from severe SARS-Cov-2 infection even in the face of air pollution, and to develop a transdisciplinary research strategy to address these gaps. Methods An international group of researchers interested in children’s environmental health was invited to identify knowledge gaps and to develop research questions to close these gaps. Discussion Key research questions identified include: what are the effects of SAR-Cov-2 infection during pregnancy on the developing fetus and child; what is the impact of age at infection and genetic susceptibility on disease severity; why do some children with COVID-19 infection develop toxic shock and Kawasaki-like symptoms; what are the impacts of toxic environmental exposures including poor air quality, chemical and metal exposures on innate immunity, especially in the respiratory epithelium; what is the possible role of a “dirty” environment in conveying protection – an example of the “hygiene hypothesis”; and what are the long term health effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection in early life. Conclusion A concerted research effort by a multidisciplinary team of scientists is needed to understand the links between environmental exposures, especially air pollution and COVID-19. We call for specific research funding to encourage basic and clinical research to understand if/why exposure to environmental factors is associated with more severe disease, why children appear to be protected, and how innate immune responses may be involved. Lessons learned about SARS-Cov-2 infection in our children will help us to understand and reduce disease severity in adults, the opposite of the usual scenario.

scholarly journals Report on the 11th bibliometric-enhanced information retrieval workshop (BIR 2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ingo Frommholz ◽  
Guillaume Cabanac ◽  
Philipp Mayr ◽  
Suzan Verberne
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Important Branch

The 11th Bibliometric-enhanced Information Retrieval Workshop (BIR 2021) was held online on April 1st, 2021, at ECIR 2021 as a virtual event. The interdisciplinary BIR workshop series aims to bring together researchers from different communities, especially Scientometrics/Bibliometrics and Information Retrieval. We report on the 11th BIR, its invited talks and accepted papers. Lessons learned from BIR 2021 are discussed and potential future research questions identified that position Bibliometric-enhanced IR as an exciting special yet important branch of IR research.

Expectations for Inservice Testing Programs at New Nuclear Power Plants

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Scarbrough
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Nuclear Regulatory Commission ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
American Society ◽  
Regulatory Commission ◽  
Safety Systems

In a series of Commission papers, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) described its policy for inservice testing (IST) programs to be developed and implemented at nuclear power plants licensed under 10 CFR Part 52. This paper discusses the expectations for IST programs based on those Commission policy papers as applied in the NRC staff review of combined license (COL) applications for new reactors. For example, the design and qualification of pumps, valves, and dynamic restraints through implementation of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Standard QME-1-2007, “Qualification of Active Mechanical Equipment Used in Nuclear Power Plants,” as accepted in NRC Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.100 (Revision 3), “Seismic Qualification of Electrical and Active Mechanical Equipment and Functional Qualification of Active Mechanical Equipment for Nuclear Power Plants,” will enable IST activities to assess the operational readiness of those components to perform their intended functions. ASME has updated the Operation and Maintenance of Nuclear Power Plants (OM Code) to improve the IST provisions for pumps, valves, and dynamic restraints that are incorporated by reference in the NRC regulations with applicable conditions. In addition, lessons learned from performance experience and testing of motor-operated valves (MOVs) will be implemented as part of the IST programs together with application of those lessons learned to other power-operated valves (POVs). Licensee programs for the Regulatory Treatment of Non-Safety Systems (RTNSS) will be implemented for components in active nonsafety-related systems that are the first line of defense in new reactors that rely on passive systems to provide reactor core and containment cooling in the event of a plant transient. This paper also discusses the overlapping testing provisions specified in ASME Standard QME-1-2007; plant-specific inspections, tests, analyses, and acceptance criteria; the applicable ASME OM Code as incorporated by reference in the NRC regulations; specific license conditions; and Initial Test Programs as described in the final safety analysis report and applicable RGs. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Palliative care in paediatric oncology: perceptions, expertise and practices from the perspective of the multidisciplinary team

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Helena Becker Issi ◽  
Maria da Graça Corso da Motta ◽  
Daisy Zanchi de Abreu Botene
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Paediatric Oncology ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Oncology Unit

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the perceptions, expertise and practices of multi-professional teams providing palliative care to children in a paediatric oncology unit. The research questions were based on everyday care, facilitations and difficulties, essential aspects of professional approaches, and the inter-disciplinary focus of care for children in palliative care and their families. METHOD: Qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research. Data were collected from June to October 2013 from nine professional multidisciplinary team members by means of a semi-structured interview submitted to thematic analysis. RESULTS: The following four themes emerged from analysis: palliative care: conceptions of the multi-professional team; the construction of singular care; the facilitations and difficulties experienced by the team and significant lessons learned. CONCLUSIONS: The subjects revealed that the team also suffers with the death of a child and, like the family, moves toward the construction of coping mechanisms for the elaboration of mourning. Paradoxically, the team shares knowledge to determine the foundations of a singular therapeutic project and inserts the family in this process so that it can be the protagonist of the child's care.

Reflections on a Scholarly Career in Sport and Exercise Psychology: The Influence of Significant Others on the Psychosocial Well-Being of Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Thelma S. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The North ◽  
Senior Scholar ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
American Society

This paper is based on a Senior Scholar presentation delivered at the 2020 annual meeting of the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity. The paper begins with a summary of the research work completed by the author and coinvestigators in regard to the influences that significant others (parents, peers, and coaches) exert on the psychosocial well-being of individuals in sport and physical activity. In each of these three areas, illustrative research studies are summarized in a predominantly chronological order with a commentary at the end of each section that identifies unanswered questions and suggests future research directions. In the second section, four particular lessons learned by the author over the course of a scholarly career are identified and explained.

scholarly journals Endogenous CXCL10/Interferon‐γ‐Inducible Protein (IP)‐10 orchestrates myocardial infarct healing

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin J. Bujak ◽  
Thorsten Leucker ◽  
Pawel Zymek ◽  
Vikas Veeranna ◽  
Peter Huebener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarct ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Infarct Healing ◽  
Inducible Protein

Conclusion: social work and the making of social policy – lessons learned

2019 ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
Ute Klammer ◽  
Simone Leiber ◽  
Sigrid Leitner
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
Research Questions

The concluding chapter draws on the results of the different contributions and considers their specific or generalisable character. It sums up how knowledge of the influence of diverse social work actors within different stages of the policy cycle adds to existing research, and which research questions are still pending.

Surgical Neuro-Oncology

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Maintenance Of Certification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Bail Out ◽  
Clinic Hospital ◽  
Insight Into

Surgical Neuro-Oncology, part of the Neurosurgery by Example series, has the overarching goal of spanning the spectrum of clinical practice and complexity within adult surgical neuro-oncology using representative cases. The presentation and discussion reflects the logic, thought process, and technical details behind surgical candidacy, planning, surgical procedure (including bail-out options, and complication avoidance/management), aftercare, evidence and outcome, and lessons learned. Authors with expert knowledge and technical skills address a wide range of complex clinical cases, which are presented as they are encountered the neurosurgical clinic, hospital emergency department, and operating room. While addressing the overall diagnosis, treatment, and outcome, the authors provide insight into how they handle each case. The books transmits experience gained from leaders to colleagues and provides a great background for maintenance of certification preparation, with each chapter providing lists that highlights elements of accurate diagnosis, successful treatment, and effective complication management. Cases included cover the spectrum of clinical diversity and complexity within surgical neuro-oncology.

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