A techno-economic assessment of syngas production by plasma gasification of municipal solid waste as a substitute gaseous fuel

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-44
Author(s):  
Néstor D. Montiel-Bohórquez ◽  
Juan D. Saldarriaga-Loaiza ◽  
Juan F. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Plasma Gasification ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Energy And Exergy

Abstract The updraft plasma gasification process of different municipal solid wastes (MSW) to produce syngas as substitute gaseous fuel was assessed from a techno-economic viewpoint. The plasma gasification process was modelled under a thermo-chemical approach using Aspen Plus. The model validation has been carried out with experimental data from literature, reaching an average relative error of 6.23%. The plasma torch power consumption was one of the main process parameters that affects the energy and exergy efficiencies. In spite of increasing moisture content of MSW, from 26.61% to 57.9%, the energy and exergy efficiencies expanded by 1.5% and 5.4% on average, respectively, which ascribed to the reduction of torch power consumption; this behavior resulted as the torches thermally degraded a lower fraction of dry MSW. Whereas, if plasma temperature increased (2500°C to 4000°C), the gasification efficiencies diminished because of the torch power consumption boosted by 28.3%. Furthermore, the parameter combinations process (air flow and plasma temperature) was found to reach the highest process efficiency, the efficiency ranged from 79.22% to 83.46%, highlighting the plasma gasification flexibility. The levelized cost of syngas production varied from 15.83 to 26.21 ¢US/kWh. Therefore, to make these projects feasible (waste to energy), a waste disposal charge that must be ranged between 14.67 and 26.82 ¢US/kWh was proposed.

Numerical Simulation of Thermal Plasma Gasification Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooseok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Thermal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Plasma Gasification ◽  
Arc Voltage ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Reactor Temperature

Numerical analysis of plasma gasification process was carried out base on the combination of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A two stage gasification system which consists of a heater and a plasma rector was used to enhance syngas production in the present work. Nitrogen thermal plasma jet generated by a low power plasma torch was analyzed by a self-developed MHD code, and complex thermal flow field in the plasma reactor was simulated with a commercial CFD code. The accuracy of numerical simulation was confirmed from the comparison between numerical results and experimentally measured data of arc voltage and reactor temperature. From the numerical analysis, a high temperature for the thermal cracking of methane was expected in the upper region of the plasma reactor.

Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Using Plasma Gasification with the Potential Production of Synthesis Gas (Syngas)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Angela Hartati ◽  
Diah Indriani Widiputri ◽  
Arbi Dimyati
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Plasma Gasification ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Solid Waste Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Waste Separation ◽  
Gasification Efficiency ◽  
Arc Plasma Torch

This research was conducted for the purpose to overcome Indonesia waste problem. The samples are classified into garden waste, paper waste, wood, food waste, and MSW with objective to identify which type of waste give out more syngas since there is waste separation in Indonesia. All samples were treated by plasma gasification without pre-treatment (drying). Arc plasma torch used in this experiment was made by National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) and used Argon as the gas source. Then the torch was connected to self-designed gasification chamber and gas washing system before injected into a gas bas for composition analysis. Another objective is to identify factors that may affect the gasification efficiency and the experiment shows that moisture content is not really affecting the efficiency but the duration of the process. The mass reduction of each samples were recorded, then the gas produced from the gasification process were analyzed. The result shows that food has the highest mass percentage reduced and producing the highest amount of hydrogen amongst other samples. However, treating MSW also produce considerably high amount of hydrogen. In conclusion, MSW direct treatment (without separation) using plasma gasification is feasible since it still produces desirable quality of syngas.

Hydrogen-rich syngas production from biomass in a steam microwave-induced plasma gasification reactor

2021 ◽  
pp. 125324
Author(s):  
Simon Vecten ◽  
Michael Wilkinson ◽  
Nuno Bimbo ◽  
Richard Dawson ◽  
Ben M.J. Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Gasification ◽  
Microwave Induced Plasma ◽  
Syngas Production

Energy and Exergy Analysis on Gasification Processes

2015 ◽  
pp. 199-240
Author(s):  
Edgardo Olivares Gómez ◽  
Renato Cruz Neves ◽  
Elisa Magalhães de Medeiros ◽  
Mylene Cristina Alves Ferreira Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Energy And Exergy Analysis

In recent years, attention has focused on exergy analysis, a type of thermodynamic analysis which is an important tool for the efficiency assessment and the processes optimization when dealing with energy conversion and, particularly, thermochemical processes such as gasification. Thus, this chapter aims to introduce the fundamental concepts of energy and exergy and describe the energy and exergy evaluation tools, elucidating its importance for calculations applied to gasification processes. A case study was performed to show the proposal of energy and exergy analysis. Therefore, a single global gasification chemical reaction was used to represent the gasification process. This analysis can provide a tool to assess and develop models, simulations, calculations, and to optimize real gasification processes. Information and experiences covered in this chapter help to be put into perspective the technology, research and overcoming of challenges.

Energy and Exergy Analysis on Gasification Processes

2017 ◽  
pp. 1613-1646
Author(s):  
Edgardo Olivares Gómez ◽  
Renato Cruz Neves ◽  
Elisa Magalhães de Medeiros ◽  
Mylene Cristina Alves Ferreira Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Efficiency Assessment ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Energy And Exergy Analysis

In recent years, attention has focused on exergy analysis, a type of thermodynamic analysis which is an important tool for the efficiency assessment and the processes optimization when dealing with energy conversion and, particularly, thermochemical processes such as gasification. Thus, this chapter aims to introduce the fundamental concepts of energy and exergy and describe the energy and exergy evaluation tools, elucidating its importance for calculations applied to gasification processes. A case study was performed to show the proposal of energy and exergy analysis. Therefore, a single global gasification chemical reaction was used to represent the gasification process. This analysis can provide a tool to assess and develop models, simulations, calculations, and to optimize real gasification processes. Information and experiences covered in this chapter help to be put into perspective the technology, research and overcoming of challenges.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic and Economic Analyses of a New Waste-to-Energy System Incorporated with a Biomass-Fired Power Plant

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4345
Author(s):  
Peiyuan Pan ◽  
Meiyan Zhang ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Heng Chen ◽  
Xiaona Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Low Pressure Turbine ◽  
Energy Plant ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Economic Analyses

A novel design has been developed to improve the waste-to-energy process through the integration with a biomass-fired power plant. In the proposed scheme, the superheated steam generated by the waste-to-energy boiler is fed into the low-pressure turbine of the biomass power section for power production. Besides, the feedwater from the biomass power section is utilized to warm the combustion air of the waste-to-energy boiler, and the feedwater of the waste-to-energy boiler is offered by the biomass power section. Based on a 35-MW biomass-fired power plant and a 500-t/d waste-to-energy plant, the integrated design was thermodynamically and economically assessed. The results indicate that the net power generated from waste can be enhanced by 0.66 MW due to the proposed solution, and the waste-to-electricity efficiency increases from 20.49% to 22.12%. Moreover, the net present value of the waste-to-energy section is raised by 5.02 million USD, and the dynamic payback period is cut down by 2.81 years. Energy and exergy analyses were conducted to reveal the inherent mechanism of performance enhancement. Besides, a sensitivity investigation was undertaken to examine the performance of the new design under various conditions. The insights gained from this study may be of assistance to the advancement of waste-to-energy technology.

Pyrolysis and CO2 Gasification of Composite Polymer Absorbent Waste for Syngas Production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Burra ◽  
P. Singh ◽  
N. Déparrois ◽  
A. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Composite Polymer ◽  
Co2 Gasification ◽  
Compositional Evolution ◽  
Absorbent Material ◽  
Syngas Production ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Development of alternative carbonaceous sources for energy production is essential to alleviate the dependence on depleting fossil fuels which led to increasing atmospheric CO2 and thus global warming. While biomass utilization for energy and chemical production has been extensively studied in the literature, such studies on municipal solid wastes is difficult to interpret due to the heterogeneous nature of the waste. Understanding of the influence of individual components is necessary for comprehensive development of waste-to-energy pathway. One such waste that is complicated and has often been ignored in the literature is composite polymer absorbent material waste which can also be considered as a potential feedstock for thermochemical pathway of energy production. Composite polymer absorbent materials are ubiquitously used these days in the form of sanitary napkins, diapers, water blockers, fire blockers and surgical pads due to their high water-absorptive nature. Pyrolysis and CO2 gasification is ideal for such materials due to its versatile feedstock intake and uniform product output in the form of syngas with adjustable composition. CO2 gasification also provides the added benefit of CO2 utilization which provides carbon offset to this process. In the present study, a mixture of cellulose, absorbent material (sodium polyacrylate), polypropylene and polystyrene in a fixed proportion, to model approximate composition of a diaper, was examined for its pyrolysis and CO2 gasification capability for viable syngas production. The influence of individual components into the syngas yield from the composite waste gasification was also investigated. A fixed-bed, semi-batch reactor facility along with gas chromatography was employed to analyse the syngas yield and compositional evolution. Pyrolysis was done under nitrogen atmosphere and gasification was done under CO2 atmosphere. CO2 gasification provided net CO2 consumption which means a net reduction in carbon emissions per joule of energy produced. The sample was tested under four isothermal conditions of 973, 1073, and 1173 K to understand the impact of operational conditions on the syngas yield. Influence of individual component of the composite absorbent waste on the syngas yield and composition was also analyzed by comparing these syngas characteristics with that of the yield from gasification of its individual components separately at 1173 K. These investigations provided us with novel results on the behavior and capabilities of these composite polymer absorbent wastes and which opens up a new avenue towards efficient utilization of solid waste resources for sustainable energy production in the form of syngas which can also be used for various chemicals production such as methanol, gasoline and other petrochemical products.

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